This document outlines five guided exploratory approaches to teaching: 1) Inductive method, which starts with specific examples and moves to generalization, 2) Inquiry teaching, which poses problems and facilitates discussion, 3) Laboratory method involving hands-on experiences, 4) Problem solving using the scientific method, and 5) Project method requiring students to construct projects based on their research. Each approach is described in terms of key principles, steps involved, and effectiveness.

1. GUIDED
EXPLORATORY
APPROACH

2. PROCESS-ORIENTED METH
This is a step-by-step acquisition
of knowledge and skills.

3. It involves 3 major considerations:
a. The process emphasizes how to learn and
not what to learn.
b. It stresses the need for functional/relevant
transfer of knowledge.
c. It is concerned with the development of
the intellect.

4. 1. INDUCTIVE
 A method which starts from the specific
before arriving at a generalization.
 It is usually known to unknown, concrete to
abstract, simple to complex mode of
delivery of instruction.

5. STEPS OF THE INDUCTIVE
METHOD:
a. PREPARATION
b. PRESENTATION
c. COMPARISON and ABSTRACTION
d. GENERALIZATION
e. APPLICATION

6. 2. INQUIRY
TEACHING
“ Discovery teaching and discovery learning”
 Commonly used in higher level thinking.
 Teacher in the inquiry approach, poses a
problem, ask questions and facilitates
dialogues.
 Inquiry approach relies heavily on the ability
of both teachers and students to discuss.

7. The overall goals of inquiry teaching
include:
a. Helping students learn how to ask
questions.
b. Seek answers or solutions to problems.
c. Explore possibilities and form their own
ideas about the lesson at hand.

8. 3. LABORATORY
METHOD
 A kind of teaching process which
normally involves firsthand experiences
concerning materials and facts observed.

9. Laboratory Method may be:
a. EXPERIMENTAL
-it emphasizes discovery of a solution to a
problem either by problem solving or
acquisition of information.
b. OBSERVATIONAL
-it focuses on the acquisition of facts.

10. Steps of the Laboratory
method:
a. ORIENTATION and MOTIVATION
b. WORK PERIOD
c. CULMINATING ACTIVITIES

11. 4. PROBLEM SOLVING
 It uses the scientific method in searching
for information and for improving the
reasoning process.
 is also referred to as reflective thinking.
Provides acquisition for meaningful
experiences and development of higher-
level thinking skills.

12. Steps in Problem Solving:
a. Sensing and defining the problem.
b. Formulating hypothesis.
c. Testing for hypothesis.
d. Analysis, interpretation of evaluation of
findings.
e. Formulating conclusion.

13. Guidelines for an effective problem-solving:
1. Problem must be clear and concise.
2. Problem is adapted to the age, interest,
skills of the students.
3. Use cooperative learning to ensure a more
active participation of the member.
4. Furnish leading questions at every step to
monitor progress of the undertaking.

14. 5. Prepare for supplementary materials to
substitute for materials that are not
available.
6. See to it that the process or procedure is
done correctly and well.
7. Set criteria for evaluation.

15. 5. PROJECT METHOD
 This is a method that requires students to
construct projects as a result of the
study/research done.
 This involves gathering and organizing
data to be presented in concepts acquired.
 Usually this is presented to the students as
an output for a particular area of study.

16. PROJECT METHOD
It involves application of a principle or
concept which results from a group
activity or an individual’s effort.
 Is also called as “self-directed” study.

17. Effectiveness of the project method are
as follows:
1. Project is reflective of the amount of
understanding the students have for the concept
developed.
2. It provides avenues for self-expression and
creativity.
3. It develops desirable attitudes like
resourcefulness, cooperation, independent
judgment, industry, and responsibility.
4. Group projects enhance cooperation and sharing
of ideas.

18. Guidelines for Project Method:
1. Set clear objectives for evaluation.
2. Encourage use of available local materials.
3. Assign projects according to the interest and
ability of the students.
4. Provide minimal supervision to set directions
and monitor progress.
5. Projects must not be duplications of
previously done output of students.

19. Steps for the Project
Method:
1. PURPOSING
2. PLANNING
3. EXECUTING
4. EVALUATION

20. Thank you

-Jessamine
Alaban

21. QUIZ:
Identify the following.
1. A method which starts from the
specific before arriving at a
generalization.
2. It is also called as “ Discovery
teaching and discovery learning”.

22. 3. A kind of teaching process which
normally involves firsthand
experiences concerning materials
and facts observed.
4. It uses the scientific method in
searching for information and for
improving the reasoning process.
5. This is a step-by-step acquisition
of knowledge and skills.