This document discusses various parameters used to assess a child's growth and developmental age, including somatotypic age, chronological age, height and weight age, sexual age, facial age, skeletal age, and dental age. It provides details on assessing each type of age, such as the Tanner stages for sexual maturity or ossification stages of skeletal development. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of correctly determining a child's developmental age for treatment planning using these anthropometric measurements and interdisciplinary evaluation.
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX 1943 (PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY)Jeban Sahu
INTRODUCTION
INDEX:“A NUMERICAL VALUE DESCRIBING THE RELATIVE STATUS OF A POPULATION ON A GRADUATED SCALE WITH DEFINITE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS, WHICH IS DESIGNED TO PERMIT AND FACILITATE COMPARISION WITH OTHER POPULATIONS CLASSIFIED BY THE SAME CRITERIA AND METHODS.”
-RUSSELL A.L.
INDICES USED TO MEASURE FLUOROSIS
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX
Introduced by TRENDLEY H. DEAN in 1934.
Devised an index for assessing the presence and severity of mottled enamel.
It is also known as ‘DEAN’S CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR DENTAL FLUOROSIS.’
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX- Modified Criteria (1942)
SCORING CRITERIA
COMMUNITY FLUOROSIS INDEX (CFI)
SUMMARY
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX 1943 (PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY)Jeban Sahu
INTRODUCTION
INDEX:“A NUMERICAL VALUE DESCRIBING THE RELATIVE STATUS OF A POPULATION ON A GRADUATED SCALE WITH DEFINITE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS, WHICH IS DESIGNED TO PERMIT AND FACILITATE COMPARISION WITH OTHER POPULATIONS CLASSIFIED BY THE SAME CRITERIA AND METHODS.”
-RUSSELL A.L.
INDICES USED TO MEASURE FLUOROSIS
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX
Introduced by TRENDLEY H. DEAN in 1934.
Devised an index for assessing the presence and severity of mottled enamel.
It is also known as ‘DEAN’S CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR DENTAL FLUOROSIS.’
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX- Modified Criteria (1942)
SCORING CRITERIA
COMMUNITY FLUOROSIS INDEX (CFI)
SUMMARY
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Clinical and radiographic guidelines for prediction of growthDrAditiAcharya
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
CONCEPTS OF STUDYING GROWTH
METHODS OF STUDYING GROWTH
TYPES OF GROWTH DATA
METHODS OF GATHERING GROWTH DATA
METHODS OF STUDYING BONE GROWTH
VARIABLE AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH
GROWTH ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS
VISUAL TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
COMPUTERIZED GROWTH FORECASTING
CONCLUSION
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Clinical and radiographic guidelines for prediction of growthDrAditiAcharya
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
CONCEPTS OF STUDYING GROWTH
METHODS OF STUDYING GROWTH
TYPES OF GROWTH DATA
METHODS OF GATHERING GROWTH DATA
METHODS OF STUDYING BONE GROWTH
VARIABLE AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH
GROWTH ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS
VISUAL TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
COMPUTERIZED GROWTH FORECASTING
CONCLUSION
The dynamics of the growth of the craniofacial skeleton is a fascinating,complex mechanism.
An understanding of growth events is of primary importance in the practice of clinical orthodontics.
Maturational status can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, treatment planning, and the eventual outcome orthodontic treatment.
Various methods have been implemented to measure growth which include measurement on living individual and dry skull and indirect measurement taken by means of virtual reproduction of the craniofacial skeleton.
Essentially,the various study used to assess growth try to find out answers of the following-
pattern of growth
site of growth
amount and rate of growth
direction and factors influencing growth.
Asessment of growth and development in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodon...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
In Paediatrics, Growth and Development are very important. Growth is the assessment of child's nutritional status. This lecture is the backbone of Paediatrics.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. Contents
Types of age according to Krogman
Somatotypic Age
Chronologic Age
Height and Weight Age
Sexual Age
Facial Age
Skeletal Age
Dental Age
Conclusion
Reference
3. Types of age according to Krogman
• Chronologic age
• Biologic age
- Morphologic age
- Skeletal age
- Dental age
- Circumpubertal age
• Behavioral age
• Mental age
• Self concept age
4. Somatotypic Age
In the overall assessment of child a general somatotype may be appreciated.
Sheldon defined somatotype by a series of 17 anthropometric measurements and is not related to
nutritional status.
- Endomorph: Stocky abundant subcutaneous fat, digestive viscera that highly developed.A
person with an endomorphic body type has a tendency to put on fat,has a soft roundness of
shape,short tapering limbs,small bones and wide hips
- Mesomorph: Upright, sturdy, athletic,muscle bone and connective tissue predominate.A person
with a mesomorphic body shape usually has a high proportion of muscle and bone,a large trunk,a heavy
chest,broad shoulders and narrow hips.
- Ectomorph: Tall, thin and fragile with minimal subcutaneous fat and muscle tissue.A person with
an ectomorphic body shape has a lean,fragile,delicate body,small bones and is narrow at the shoulders
and hips.
5. In terms of chronologic age ectomorph is a late maturer whereas
endomorph is an early maturer.
Although somatotype may give gestalt about child's developmental
pattern,it is not on accurate predictor of growth.
7. • This is the most obvious and most easily determined developmental age
parameter, which is figured from child's date of birth.
• There might be difference in children of same chronologic age due to
difference in thing of maturation, diseases and various environmental factors.
• Although it is easy to determine but, chronologic age is not an accurate
indicator of development nor is it a good predictor of growth.
8. Height and Weight Age
• Height has been commonly employed as determinant of
development age.
▪ The standard growth curve commonly employed to
characterize a child's height compared, to that of children
of same chronologic age is used to assess development
age.
9.
10. • Growth of all children up to puberty follows nearly the same curves but the difference in
adolescent growth spurts change the growth curves during and after puberty greatly.
• Because height of each child is related to genetic as well as environmental factors it is clear
that a single measurement is limited as a predictor of development age.
• If at all height age has to be considered then longitudinal height of a child which expresses the
child's own growth curve is of more value.
• Weight and height age are corelated well with each other but weight age alone is a poor
indicator if growth or developmental age owing to a large number of variations.
• Clinical implications of this age are that earlier the spurt occurs shorter it is and therefore
late matures are taller which also accounts for the difference in males and females.
11. Sexual Age
• At puberty differential hormones actions yield characteristic body charges.
• These changes are classified into five stages according to Reynolds EL, Wines IV and
Tanner JM.
• They outlined the stages of secondary sexual characteristics and their relation to
pubertal growth spurt in height and their relation with developmental age.
12. Stage Public hair ratings for girls and
boys
Breast development ratings in girls Genitalia matuirity
rating in boys
Stage 1 No pubic hair Elevtion of papilla only Testes,penis is same
size and proportion
as in childhood
Stage 2 Sparse growth,straight hair Enlargement of breast bud with
increase in areolar diameter
Enlargement of
testes and scrotum
with change in
texture of skin
Stage 3 Dark,coarse,curled hair Further enlargement without
separation of contour of areola
from breast
Enlargement of penis
in length with
continued growth of
testes and scrotum
Stage 4 Adult type hair but cover less
area
Projection of areola to form a
secondary mound
Increase in breadth
of penis with glan
development and
continued
enlargement of
testes
Stage 5 Adult quality and type with
spread to medial surface of
thigh
Further projection of papilla Adult size and shape
14. • The ultimate goal of developmental growth assessment of children being
evaluated for craniofacial intervention is facial age.
• Ihe aim is to identify Whether they are on their own facial growth curve and to use
this as a predictor of future growth.
• Various methods used for measurement of facial age andprediction of craniofacial
growth are anthropometric measurement, facial growth velocity curve and
cephalometric radiographs
15. Skeletal Age
• This is a very important aspect of assessing the developmental age of child as skeletal age was
found to more highly correlate with the developmental age than any other growth parameter.
• Each endochondral bone begins with a primary center of ossification which then changes
shape, size and contour till its fusion.
• Any of the skeletal growth centers can be used for skeletal age assessment but hand and wrist
have been most commonly used for assessment of pubertal maturation.
• Advantages of using skeletal age are readily recognizable stage of ossification; regular
sequence of developmental changes occurring from birth to adulthood.
16.
17. Dental Age
• Dental age is estimated according to the last tooth erupted in oral
cavity in normal sequence.
• This is the simplest but, the least accurate method.
• This involves recognizing the teeth clinically present in the oral
cavity in comparison to dental eruption charts.
• The disadvantages of this technique are the wide variations in
time of eruption, influence of local and environmental factors and
the fact that no or several teeth may erupt during the same time
interval.
18. Conclusion
The correct knowledge of facial age, developmental
age,chronologic age, etc. is very necessary for formulating
treatment plan.
These anthropometric measurements are also uselul in the
interdisciplinary evaluation of patients.
19. Reference
1. Sheldon WH. Atlas of men a guide for somatotyping males at all ages. New York; Harper and brothers; 1954.
2. Krogman WM. Biological timing and dentofacial complex. J Dent Child. 1968;35:176.
3. Reynolds EL, Wines TV. Physical changes associated with adolescence in boys. Am J Dis Child. 1951;82:529.
4. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of hand and wrist. Ed. 2; Stanford, California:
Stanford University Press; 1959
5. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Marshall WA. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height. New York;
Academic press Inc. 1975
6. Tarranger J, Bruning B, Classon I. New method of assessment of skeletal maturity MAT; ActaPaedtrScand, supplement.
1976;258:121
7. Grave KC, Brown T Skeletal ossification and the adolescent growth spurt. Am J Orthod. 1976;69:611
8. Guy Willems. A review of most commonly used age estimation techniques. J forensic odontostomotol. 2001;19:9-17
9. Gron A. Prediction of tooth emergence. J Dent Res. 1962;41:573
10. Moorrees CFA, Fanning EA, Hunt EE. Age variation of formation stages of 10 permanent teeth. J Dent Res. 1963;42:1490
11. C. Nolla. Development of the permanent teeth. J Dent Child. 1960;27:254.
12. Demirjian A, Goldstein H. A new system of dental age assessment. Ann Hum Biol. 1976;3:411
13. Ricketts RM. A principle of archial growth of manidible. Angle Orthod. 1972;42:368.