The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. There are several methods to assess skeletal maturity including hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebrae shape assessment, and tooth development stages.
2. Hand-wrist radiographs can be assessed using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method or the Bjork, Grave, and Brown method which divides skeletal development into 9 stages.
3. Cervical vertebrae shape changes through 6 stages of maturation and can indicate how much growth remains.
4. Tooth development through 8 stages of calcification as shown in the Demirjian Index also corresponds to skeletal maturity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses various concepts related to mandibular growth rotations proposed by different orthodontic researchers over time. It begins by introducing Arne Bjork who first described growth rotations in 1955. It then covers Enlow's concept of remodeling and displacement rotations. Bjork's 1969 classification of forward and backward mandibular rotations is described, including his identification of three types of forward and two types of backward rotations based on their center of rotation. The document also discusses concepts by Bjork and Skieller on total, matrix, and intramatrix rotations. Fred Schudy's concept relating rotation to the disharmony between vertical, anteroposterior and horizontal growth is summarized. Finally, Dibbets' re
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR FUNCTIONAL JAW O...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes Bjork's analysis, a method developed by orthodontist Arne Bjork to analyze craniofacial growth and development using lateral cephalograms. It describes Bjork's landmarks, angular and linear measurements used to construct a facial diagram. Bjork conducted studies on Scandinavian children to establish norms for comparison. His analysis helps determine the amount and distribution of facial prognathism based on configurations in the facial diagram.
1. There are several methods to assess skeletal maturity including hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebrae shape assessment, and tooth development stages.
2. Hand-wrist radiographs can be assessed using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method or the Bjork, Grave, and Brown method which divides skeletal development into 9 stages.
3. Cervical vertebrae shape changes through 6 stages of maturation and can indicate how much growth remains.
4. Tooth development through 8 stages of calcification as shown in the Demirjian Index also corresponds to skeletal maturity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses various concepts related to mandibular growth rotations proposed by different orthodontic researchers over time. It begins by introducing Arne Bjork who first described growth rotations in 1955. It then covers Enlow's concept of remodeling and displacement rotations. Bjork's 1969 classification of forward and backward mandibular rotations is described, including his identification of three types of forward and two types of backward rotations based on their center of rotation. The document also discusses concepts by Bjork and Skieller on total, matrix, and intramatrix rotations. Fred Schudy's concept relating rotation to the disharmony between vertical, anteroposterior and horizontal growth is summarized. Finally, Dibbets' re
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR FUNCTIONAL JAW O...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes Bjork's analysis, a method developed by orthodontist Arne Bjork to analyze craniofacial growth and development using lateral cephalograms. It describes Bjork's landmarks, angular and linear measurements used to construct a facial diagram. Bjork conducted studies on Scandinavian children to establish norms for comparison. His analysis helps determine the amount and distribution of facial prognathism based on configurations in the facial diagram.
This document provides information on performing a functional examination as part of an orthodontic diagnosis. It discusses examining the postural rest position and maximum intercuspation, as well as the temporomandibular joint, orofacial dysfunction, and various functional movements. Methods for determining and registering the postural rest position are described. Examination of swallowing, tongue posture, speech, lips, respiration, and craniofacial skeletal relationships are also covered to evaluate orofacial dysfunction. The document emphasizes that a functional examination is important for a complete orthodontic diagnosis beyond just a static evaluation of dental relationships.
The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural theory, nasal septum theory, and the functional matrix hypothesis. It provides details on the key concepts and inconsistencies of each theory. The remodeling theory proposed that growth occurs through bone deposition and resorption at surfaces. The sutural theory emphasized the role of sutures and cartilage in driving growth. The nasal septum theory proposed the nasal septum cartilage pushes the midface forward during growth. The functional matrix hypothesis views the skull as comprising functional units that drive skeletal growth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tongue and its importance in orthodontic treatment /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the anatomy, development, functions and examination of the tongue. It notes that the tongue plays an important role in dental development and malocclusion through its pressures and posture. Abnormal tongue posture, like a forward resting posture, can exert pressures on teeth and affect their positions over time. The document examines tongue posture and functions like swallowing, and discusses conditions like tongue thrust and retained infantile swallowing that can influence malocclusion. Metric evaluation methods like cephalometry and palatography are presented for assessing tongue posture.
TMA is an archwire material that is intermediate in stiffness between stainless steel and nickel titanium. It has good flexibility and springback along with predictable moderate forces that provide consistent tooth movement. TMA can be used in all stages of treatment but is especially useful as a main working archwire due to its properties. It is formable, weldable, and delivers approximately half the force of stainless steel.
This document provides an overview of principles of facial growth and development, with a focus on mandibular growth rotations. It discusses key concepts such as the amount and timing of growth, assessment of growth, growth of the mandible, and mechanisms of mandibular rotation. Several studies on mandibular growth rotations are summarized, including the seminal work by Bjork in the 1950s using metal implants to track growth sites and directions. Bjork identified seven structural signs that can indicate the direction of mandibular growth. The document also briefly discusses the work of Bjork and Skieller, Proffit, Schudy, and Isaacson related to mandibular growth rotations.
Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
Dr. Viken Sassouni developed a cephalometric analysis method based on craniofacial x-rays of 100 children. He identified planes, arcs, and points to analyze facial proportions and classify facial patterns. A well-proportioned face has four planes intersecting at point O and equal upper/lower anterior and posterior facial heights. Sassouni found most faces were Type II patterns. His analysis considered vertical and horizontal relationships and classified occlusions, palates, profiles, and dental axes. He concluded that "normal" is relative and proportions are more important than absolute measurements.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Skeletal maturity can be estimated using hand-wrist radiographs which show the ossification and fusion of bones over time. There are several methods for assessing skeletal maturity based on indicators seen on hand-wrist radiographs, including the Greulich and Pyle atlas method, Bjork-Grave-Brown method using 9 stages of maturity, Singer's 6-stage method, and Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators method using 11 indicators across 4 anatomical sites. These methods allow clinicians to estimate a patient's skeletal age and determine their growth potential for orthodontic treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Schwarz analysis divides the evaluation into craniometry (skeletal) and gnathometry (dental) using reference lines and planes. Craniometry assesses the skeletal base and profile using angles like J angle, F angle, and TMJ position. Gnathometry evaluates the dentition using angles like B angle, gonial angle, and axial tooth inclinations. Linear measurements include anterior cranial base, ascending ramus, maxillary base, and soft tissue thickness. The analysis provides metrics to assess the skull, jaws, dentition, and facial profile.
The document outlines the key anatomical landmarks and measurements used in Rakosi analysis to evaluate facial growth patterns and plan functional appliance therapy. The patient's analysis shows a vertical growth pattern with a posteriorly positioned mandible relative to the cranial base. Both the upper and lower incisors are proclined, making functional appliance therapy more challenging. Overall, the Rakosi analysis provides important diagnostic information but also indicates some limitations for treating this patient solely with a functional appliance due to the vertical growth pattern and proclined incisor positions.
Recent advances in orthodontics include improvements to brackets, bonding materials, wires, software, and appliances. Brackets are now made from stronger materials with coatings to reduce friction and promote oral health. New bonding materials bond more effectively in fewer steps. Wires now come in various alloys and shapes to apply lighter continuous forces. Software includes apps for patients and artificial intelligence to assist with treatment planning. These technological advances have improved orthodontic treatment outcomes.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skeletal maturity indicators in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
The document discusses biological age assessment methods for orthodontic treatment planning, focusing on hand-wrist radiograph analysis. It describes 9 stages of skeletal maturity assessment using ossification of bones in the hand and wrist. Specific indicators are defined, such as the sesamoid bone, stages in the third finger, and union of epiphyses. Assessing a patient's skeletal age using hand-wrist radiographs can help determine their growth stage and remaining growth potential to optimize orthodontic treatment.
Methods of studying growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth theories /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document provides information on performing a functional examination as part of an orthodontic diagnosis. It discusses examining the postural rest position and maximum intercuspation, as well as the temporomandibular joint, orofacial dysfunction, and various functional movements. Methods for determining and registering the postural rest position are described. Examination of swallowing, tongue posture, speech, lips, respiration, and craniofacial skeletal relationships are also covered to evaluate orofacial dysfunction. The document emphasizes that a functional examination is important for a complete orthodontic diagnosis beyond just a static evaluation of dental relationships.
The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural theory, nasal septum theory, and the functional matrix hypothesis. It provides details on the key concepts and inconsistencies of each theory. The remodeling theory proposed that growth occurs through bone deposition and resorption at surfaces. The sutural theory emphasized the role of sutures and cartilage in driving growth. The nasal septum theory proposed the nasal septum cartilage pushes the midface forward during growth. The functional matrix hypothesis views the skull as comprising functional units that drive skeletal growth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tongue and its importance in orthodontic treatment /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the anatomy, development, functions and examination of the tongue. It notes that the tongue plays an important role in dental development and malocclusion through its pressures and posture. Abnormal tongue posture, like a forward resting posture, can exert pressures on teeth and affect their positions over time. The document examines tongue posture and functions like swallowing, and discusses conditions like tongue thrust and retained infantile swallowing that can influence malocclusion. Metric evaluation methods like cephalometry and palatography are presented for assessing tongue posture.
TMA is an archwire material that is intermediate in stiffness between stainless steel and nickel titanium. It has good flexibility and springback along with predictable moderate forces that provide consistent tooth movement. TMA can be used in all stages of treatment but is especially useful as a main working archwire due to its properties. It is formable, weldable, and delivers approximately half the force of stainless steel.
This document provides an overview of principles of facial growth and development, with a focus on mandibular growth rotations. It discusses key concepts such as the amount and timing of growth, assessment of growth, growth of the mandible, and mechanisms of mandibular rotation. Several studies on mandibular growth rotations are summarized, including the seminal work by Bjork in the 1950s using metal implants to track growth sites and directions. Bjork identified seven structural signs that can indicate the direction of mandibular growth. The document also briefly discusses the work of Bjork and Skieller, Proffit, Schudy, and Isaacson related to mandibular growth rotations.
Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
Dr. Viken Sassouni developed a cephalometric analysis method based on craniofacial x-rays of 100 children. He identified planes, arcs, and points to analyze facial proportions and classify facial patterns. A well-proportioned face has four planes intersecting at point O and equal upper/lower anterior and posterior facial heights. Sassouni found most faces were Type II patterns. His analysis considered vertical and horizontal relationships and classified occlusions, palates, profiles, and dental axes. He concluded that "normal" is relative and proportions are more important than absolute measurements.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Skeletal maturity can be estimated using hand-wrist radiographs which show the ossification and fusion of bones over time. There are several methods for assessing skeletal maturity based on indicators seen on hand-wrist radiographs, including the Greulich and Pyle atlas method, Bjork-Grave-Brown method using 9 stages of maturity, Singer's 6-stage method, and Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators method using 11 indicators across 4 anatomical sites. These methods allow clinicians to estimate a patient's skeletal age and determine their growth potential for orthodontic treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Schwarz analysis divides the evaluation into craniometry (skeletal) and gnathometry (dental) using reference lines and planes. Craniometry assesses the skeletal base and profile using angles like J angle, F angle, and TMJ position. Gnathometry evaluates the dentition using angles like B angle, gonial angle, and axial tooth inclinations. Linear measurements include anterior cranial base, ascending ramus, maxillary base, and soft tissue thickness. The analysis provides metrics to assess the skull, jaws, dentition, and facial profile.
The document outlines the key anatomical landmarks and measurements used in Rakosi analysis to evaluate facial growth patterns and plan functional appliance therapy. The patient's analysis shows a vertical growth pattern with a posteriorly positioned mandible relative to the cranial base. Both the upper and lower incisors are proclined, making functional appliance therapy more challenging. Overall, the Rakosi analysis provides important diagnostic information but also indicates some limitations for treating this patient solely with a functional appliance due to the vertical growth pattern and proclined incisor positions.
Recent advances in orthodontics include improvements to brackets, bonding materials, wires, software, and appliances. Brackets are now made from stronger materials with coatings to reduce friction and promote oral health. New bonding materials bond more effectively in fewer steps. Wires now come in various alloys and shapes to apply lighter continuous forces. Software includes apps for patients and artificial intelligence to assist with treatment planning. These technological advances have improved orthodontic treatment outcomes.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skeletal maturity indicators in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
The document discusses biological age assessment methods for orthodontic treatment planning, focusing on hand-wrist radiograph analysis. It describes 9 stages of skeletal maturity assessment using ossification of bones in the hand and wrist. Specific indicators are defined, such as the sesamoid bone, stages in the third finger, and union of epiphyses. Assessing a patient's skeletal age using hand-wrist radiographs can help determine their growth stage and remaining growth potential to optimize orthodontic treatment.
Methods of studying growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth theories /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Theories of cranio facial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of maxilla and cranium /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth assessment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Theories of craniofacial growth in the postgenomic era123 /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth predictions /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Functional matrix theory /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development basic concepts /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
This document discusses concepts related to growth and development. It defines growth, development, and differentiation according to various scholars. It also describes the fields that study growth and development, including molecular biology, developmental biology, developmental oral biology, physical growth, and behavioral development. The document further discusses growth patterns, variability, timing, and factors that influence physical growth such as heredity, nutrition, illness, race, climate, socioeconomic status, and psychological disturbance. Methods for gathering and evaluating growth data are also outlined.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth & development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth & development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth prediction (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth prediction and age estimation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Clinical and radiographic guidelines for prediction of growthDrAditiAcharya
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
CONCEPTS OF STUDYING GROWTH
METHODS OF STUDYING GROWTH
TYPES OF GROWTH DATA
METHODS OF GATHERING GROWTH DATA
METHODS OF STUDYING BONE GROWTH
VARIABLE AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH
GROWTH ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS
VISUAL TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
COMPUTERIZED GROWTH FORECASTING
CONCLUSION
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development (2)/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
This document defines key terms related to growth and development and summarizes research studies. It begins by defining growth, development, and related terms. It then discusses patterns of growth including differential growth and the cephalocaudal gradient. The document summarizes several major longitudinal growth studies, including the Bolton Brush, Burlington, and Iowa Child Welfare studies. It concludes by outlining different methods used to study bone growth, both at the macro and microscopic levels.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Clinical implications of growth and development /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. The document discusses growth and development, including definitions, physiology, factors affecting it, patterns, variability, and timing.
2. Key points include growth being an increase in size while development involves cellular differentiation; physiology involves hormones like HGH and IGF-1; and factors include heredity, nutrition, illness, socioeconomics, and endocrine function.
3. Growth occurs in patterns with the head growing faster early in development while the legs grow faster later. Variability exists between individuals and timing has critical periods and growth spurts.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses various parameters used to assess a child's growth and developmental age, including somatotypic age, chronological age, height and weight age, sexual age, facial age, skeletal age, and dental age. It provides details on assessing each type of age, such as the Tanner stages for sexual maturity or ossification stages of skeletal development. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of correctly determining a child's developmental age for treatment planning using these anthropometric measurements and interdisciplinary evaluation.
This document discusses growth and development, providing definitions and key concepts. It defines growth as an increase in size, while development refers to maturation and differentiation at the cellular level. Growth is quantitative and anatomical, while development is qualitative and physiological. Theories of craniofacial growth are examined, including the sutural theory, cartilaginous theory, and functional matrix theory. Growth occurs at differing rates in different tissues through differential growth and growth spurts. Methods for studying growth include longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, cephalometry, vital staining, and implant radiography.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various methods for assessing growth and estimating age, including skeletal maturity indicators and dental indicators. Skeletal maturity can be assessed using radiographs of the hand wrist, cervical vertebrae, mid-palatal suture, and other regions. Key concepts covered include growth spurts, variability in growth patterns, and using skeletal age rather than chronological age to determine appropriate orthodontic treatment timing. The document emphasizes that biological age determined from skeletal and dental development is important for orthodontic treatment planning due to individual variations in growth.
This document provides an overview of pediatric growth and development from conception through childhood. It discusses fetal development month by month in the womb. Key stages of growth and development are outlined, along with principles like cephalocaudal and proximodistal direction of development. Factors that influence growth such as genetics, nutrition, environment, and disease are explained. The document also details methods of monitoring growth through measurements of weight, length, head circumference, and other indicators at different pediatric ages.
The dynamics of the growth of the craniofacial skeleton is a fascinating,complex mechanism.
An understanding of growth events is of primary importance in the practice of clinical orthodontics.
Maturational status can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, treatment planning, and the eventual outcome orthodontic treatment.
Various methods have been implemented to measure growth which include measurement on living individual and dry skull and indirect measurement taken by means of virtual reproduction of the craniofacial skeleton.
Essentially,the various study used to assess growth try to find out answers of the following-
pattern of growth
site of growth
amount and rate of growth
direction and factors influencing growth.
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the first of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
Similar to Asessment of growth and development in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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www.indiandentalacademy.com
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offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Asessment of growth and development in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. ASSESMENT OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT IN ORTHODONTICS
.
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. 1. Introduction
2. Growth and development
3. ASSESMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
IN ORTHODONTICS.
4. Growth timing in orthodontics
5. Various means of assessing growth
6. Conclusion
7. References
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. • Growth standards
• Somatogenetic &
morphogenetic growth
• Outline of physical growth &
devolopment
• The concept of normalty &
growth
• Increments of growth
• Devolopment
• Skeletal maturation
• Influence of disease on
growth
• Relative values of growth
criteria
• Clinical appraisal of growth
• Height & weight in relation to
physical maturity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. An accurate estimate
of the patients
state of devolopment
is essential in
planning orthodontic
treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. The orthodontist must
attempt to determine
how much more growth to
expect for the individual
child & whether the
general present & past
health experience of
child indicate that he
can expect future growth
to be normal or abnormal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. This seminar is a
presentation of many
factors which effect
growth & which can
guide the
orthodontist in
determining the
foregoing.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Clinical significance:
1. Treatment involving modification of
skeletal growth seems to demand as much
as information as possible about
patient’s growth potential.
2. Orthodontic appliances such as the
mandibular protraction appliance,
Frankel,Bionator, Twin block.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Clinical significance:
3.In cases where patient require
orthopedic changes using head gears
and protraction masks activator.
4.Prior to rapid maxillary expansion.
5.In patients with marked discrepancy
between dental and chronological age.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Clinical significance:
6. Orthodontic patients requiring
orthognathic surgery if under taken during
growth period.
7. When maxillo mandibular changes are
indicated in the treatment of class III
cases, skeletal class II cases or skeletal
open bites.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. 1. CHRONOLOGIC AGE
2. BONE AGE
3. PHYSIOLOGIC AGE
4. DENTAL AGE
5. MENTAL AGE
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. ASSESMENT OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT IN ORTHODONTICS.
• Why do we assess growth?
• How to assess growth clinically?
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Why do we assess growth?
• To determine optimum time for
treatment (growth modification and
surgery)
• to determine the amount of growth
left
• to determine type of growth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. How to assess growth clinically?
1. Hand wrist x-ray
2 . sexual maturity: onset of menarche in girls, voice
changes and facial hair in boys
3. lateral cephalogram tracings: superimpositions
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Other indicators of growth
• Ask parents how much the
child grew last year (height
and shoe size)
• look at parent’s phenotype:
tall or short
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. The Human Head Shape
Brachycephalic Dolichocephalic
• short and wide • tall and narrow
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Reasons for Describing Head
and Face Shape
The growth direction
of the face and jaws
is different in each
type of head and/or
face.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Reasons for Describing Head
and Face Shape
“Brachy” tends to grow horizontally;
“dolicho” tends to grow vertically.
Knowing the general pattern of growth
and the expected direction can be helpful
in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment
planning. www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Soft Tissue Changes with
Growth
Boy growing normally
Black - 10 yo
red - 14 yo
• Soft tissue profile
tends to flatten
with growth
• Nose and chin
growth at teenage
years may change
facial appearance
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Theories of Growth Control
• Determinants of the growth control
– Bone
– Cartilage
– The soft tissue matrix in which the skeletal
elements are embedded - 60’s
“Functional Matrix Theory” by Moss
• Level of control: Sites vs. Centers
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. • Growth Assessment
• Bone formation and growth control
• Growth of cranial complex
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Was the first to present a detailed
analysis of human growth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. HELLMAN
He was principally responsible for the
recognition of the role of growth &
development in bringing about changes in
facial proportions , the role of different
rates of growth in different parts of
face, & their influence on orthodontic
therapy
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. GROWTH STANDARDS
A single examinaton
of a growing child
is not a reliable
method of
determining the rate
& direction of
growth &
development.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. GROWTH STANDARDS
The amount and rate of
developmental progress
over a period of time
is of more
significance in
measuring growth than
the physical status on
a given occasion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. GROWTH STANDARDS
By taking measurements
of the same child
at regular intervals the
amount of growth that
may have occurred in
the various segments
during a given time
interval can be
determined.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. GROWTH STANDARDS
Standards of growth &
development are cross
sectional averages of
children from diverse
groups and of varied
levels of health –
rather than of ideals
of achievements. They
are not invariable
norms applicable to
individual children
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. SOMATOGENETIC &
MORPHOGENITIC GROWTH
• Somatogenetic growth, body growth, is
controlled by the target glands, the
thyroid, adrenals, and the gonads.
• Morphogenetic growth refers to
differentiation of cells & tissues in the
early embryo which results in establishing
the form & structure of the various organs
& parts of the body. This is controlled by
the hypophysis and anterior lobe of
pitutary.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. • Terminology
– Growth
– Development
• Pattern, Variability, and Timing
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. HUXLEY:self multiplication of
living substance.
KROGMAN: increase in size, change
in proportion,& progressive
complexity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Development may be
defined as the
sequence of changes
from cell
fertilization to
maturity. It
relates to cell
division, growth,
differentiation &
maturity.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. For a Boy
Puberty for a boy usually starts with
enlargement of the testicles and sprouting
of pubic hair, followed by a growth spurt
between ages 10 and 16 - on average 1 to 2
years later than when girls start.
His arms, legs, hands, and feet also grow
faster than the rest of his body.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. His body shape will begin to change
as his shoulders broaden and he gains
weight and muscle.
And that first crack in the voice is
a sign that his voice is changing and
will become deeper.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. For a Girl
Puberty generally starts earlier for a
girl, some time between 8 and 13 years of
age.
For most girls, the first evidence of
puberty is breast development and the
growth of pubic hair.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. These first signs of puberty are
followed 1 or 2 years later by a
growth spurt.
Her body will begin to build up fat,
and she will take on the contours of
a woman as her hips get wider and her
breasts enlarge.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. The culminating event will be the
arrival of menarche, her first
period.
Girls usually get their first period
between the ages of 9 and 16.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Acne, which is considered a common
part of puberty.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Doctors use growth charts to compare a
child's measurements with those of
other children his age.
This helps the doctors determine
whether a child's growth is adequate.
Boys and girls are plotted on different
charts because their growth rates and
patterns differ.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. For both boys and girls there are two
sets of standard charts:
one for infants ages 0 to 36 months and
another for children ages 2 to 18 years.
The charts are a series of percentile
curves that show the distribution of
growth measurements of children from
across the country.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. What Can the Charts Tell Us About Child's Growth?
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. What Can the Charts Tell Us
About Child's Growth?
Although growth charts are valuable tools, both
doctors and parents must be careful not to focus too
much on any one reading. Instead, the numbers
should be viewed as a trend. Any measurement,
taken out of context of the others, might give you the
wrong impression of your child's growth. For
example, a child's height measurement might place
him at the 5th percentile, but this usually doesn't
indicate a growth problem if his subsequent
measurements continue to track along that
percentile curve (as might be the case for a child
who has inherited "short genes" from his parents). If
the doctor and parents fixate on that one
measurement, however, they might wrongly worry
about the child's growth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. Type A Type B Type C
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. CONCEPT OF NORMALITY &
GROWTH
Normality & variation:
The need for orthodontic treatment
arises primarily because of
morphologic, spatial & functional
deviation of teeth & jaws beyond the
limits of normality.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. CONCEPT OF NORMALITY &
GROWTH
normal growth for any individual
organism is growth which follows the
estabilished type for the species.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. CONCEPT OF NORMALITY &
GROWTH
Normal growth is not the average of a
number of individuals but a wide
range in which healthy individuals
vary in specific charecteristics but
maintain their common identity.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Pattern vs.. Variability
• Normal growth pattern
ex) Changes in overall body proportions
Cephalocaudal gradient of growth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
71. THE MIDDLE PHALANX OF THE THIRD
FINGER
Hägg and Taranger noted that the stages of
ossification of the middle phalanx of the
third finger of the hand (MP3 stages)
follow the pubertal growth spurt.
• --------------------------------
The MP3 stages are five stages representing
the different stages of the pubertal growth
spurt from onset to end.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
72. Hägg and Taranger
• MP3-F stage (onset or
start of the curve of
pubertal growth spurt);
epiphysis is as wide as
metaphysis.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
73. • MP3-FG stage
(acceleration part of the
curve of pubertal growth
spurt); epiphysis is as wide
as the metaphysis and
there is a distinct medial
and/or lateral border of the
epiphysis forming a line of
demarcation at right angle
to the distal border.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
74. MP3-G stage (peak-PTV,
the point of maximum
pubertal growth spurt);
sides of the epiphysis
have thickened and cap
its metaphysis forming a
sharp edge distally at
one or both sides.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. • MP3-H stage
(deceleration part of
the curve of
pubertal growth
spurt); fusion of
epiphysis and
metaphysis has
begun.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
76. • MP3-I stage (end of
pubertal growth
spurt); fusion of
epiphysis and
metaphysis is
completed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
77. STAGES OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MATURATION.
( Hassel Farman)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
78. Six categories of cervical vertebrae
skeletal maturation could be
defined,
1) INITIATION 4) DECELARATION
2) ACCELARATION 5) MATURATION
3) TRANSITION 6) COMPLETION
and the following observations were
made for each category.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
79. INITIATION:
All inferior borders of
the bodies are flat.
The superior borders
are strongly tapered
from posterior to
anterior.
• 80% to 100% of
adolescent growth was
expected.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
80. ACCELARATION
A concavity has
developed in the
inferior border of the
2nd vertebra. The
anterior vertical
heights of the bodies
have increased.
• 65% to 85% of
adolescent growth
expected.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
81. TRANSITION.
Distinct concavities
were seen in the
inferior borders of C2
and C3. A concavity was
beginning to develop in
the inferior border of C4.
25% to 65% of adolescent
growth expected.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
82. DECELERATION.
Distinct concavities
were seen in the
inferior borders of
C2, C3, and C4. The
vertebral bodies of C3
and C4 were becoming
more square in shape.
10% to 25% of
adolescent growth
expected.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
83. MATURATION.
More accentuated concavities
were seen in the inferior
borders of C2,C3,and C4. The
bodies of C3 and C4 were
nearly square to square in
shape.
Final maturation of the
vertebrae took place during
this stage, with 5% to 10%
of adolescent growth
expected.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
84. COMPLETION.
Deep concavities were seen
in the inferior borders of
C2, C3, and C4. The bodies
of C3 and C4 were square or
were greater in vertical
dimension than in
horizontal dimension.
Growth was considered to
be complete at this stage.
Little or no adolescent
growth was expected.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
85. HAND WRIST RADIOGRAPH
Julian Singer
Stage one (Early):
1. Absence of pisiform
2. Absence of hook of
hamate
3. Epiphysis of proximal
phalanx of second
digit (PP2) narrower
than its shaft
R
U
S
L P
T
T
C
M
M M M M
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
www.indiandentalacademy.com
86. Stage two (prepuberal):
1. Proximal phalanx of
second digit and its
epiphysis are equal
in width.
2. Initial ossification
of hook of hammate.
3. Initial ossification
of the pisiform.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
87. Stage three (puberal
onset):
- Beginning calcification
of ulnar sesamoid.
- Increased width of
epiphysis of (PP2)
- Increased calcification
of hamate hook & pisiform.
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88. Stage four (puberal):
1. Calcified ulnar
sesamoid.
2. Capping of shaft
of middle phalanx
of third digit by
its epiphysis(MP3
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89. Stage five
(puberal Decelaration):
1. Ulnar sesamoid fully
calcified
2. Calcification of
epiphysis of distal
phalanx of third digit
with its shaft (DP3U).
3. all phalanges and carpals
fully calcified.
4. Epiphysis of radius and
ulna not fully calcified
with respective shafts.
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91. • 1998 AJO-DO), Volume 1980 Jan (79 -
91): Tooth mineralization as an indicator of
the pubertal growth spurt - Chertkow
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93. • Q. Why is the growth spurt at puberty so
important in orthodontics?
• A. This is the time when most of the
development of the face occurs. Treatment
during this time allows the orthodontist to
favorably influence the facial profile in a growing
child. Once growth of the facial bones in
complete, correction of skeletal discrepancies
usually requires surgery.
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