Colonialism involves a country conquering and ruling over other regions. Modernity refers to the narrative of continual progress based on reason and universal principles that separates humanity from nature. The modernization theory of the 1940s proposed economic development as the solution to poverty but failed in many post-colonial countries due to cultural factors like particularism, collectivism and ascription that differed from Western individualism and universalism. Global inequality results from core nations exploiting resources from peripheral nations, creating a cycle of dependence.

3. Colonialism

4. What is Colonialism?
Colonialism is a term where a country
conquers and rules over other regions.
Example: European and military policy
towards to non-European entities

5. Modernity

6. What is Modernity?
Modernity is a self-serving narrative of teleological
and seamless progress, leading to ever more
civilized and prosperous societies, that is based on
universal principles and a dualist logic that
separates subject and object, reason, and emotion,
human and nature

7. The Modernization Theory
In 1940’s, the Modernization theory was developed
to be the non-communist solution to poverty.
But after the World War 2, Many countries in
Africa, Asia, and Latin America was failed to
develop.

8. Why did they Fail?
• Particularism
• Collectivism
• Patriarchy
• Ascribed Status and Fatalism

9. In contrast, in western culture:
• Individualism
• Universalism
• Achieved Status and Meritocracy

10. Global Inequality

11. What is Global Inequality?
When resources are limited to a few core nations
and a wealthy minority of corporations or
individuals.

12. Global inequality is primarily caused by
core nations exploiting semi-peripheral
and peripheral nations creating a cycle of
dependence.