Homo Floresiensis presentation
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The document describes "Homo floresiensis", also known as the "hobbit". It summarizes the discovery of skeletal remains on the Indonesian island of Flores in 2003 that appeared to belong to a species of tiny human ancestors. Some key details are provided, such as the small skull size of around 380cc, small stature, and unusual anatomical features. There is ongoing debate about whether Homo floresiensis represents a distinct species or a population of Homo sapiens that underwent island dwarfism.
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Lesson Presentation
Thank you for the summary. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Oney Judge Frees Herself
This presentation was prepared for Deaf and hard of hearing students in MsAmyLC's social studies classes.
Yacimiento de Atapuerca
La Sierra de Atapuerca en España contiene varios yacimientos arqueológicos importantes que datan desde hace 800,000 años, incluyendo restos del Homo antecessor, Homo heidelbergensis y Homo sapiens. Los yacimientos más significativos son la Sima del Elefante, Gran Dolina y Sima de los Huesos, que han proporcionado valiosa información sobre la evolución humana en Europa.
Homo Floresiensis
Fosil manusia bertubuh kecil ditemukan di Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia pada tahun 2003. Spesies baru diberi nama Homo floresiensis yang memiliki tubuh hanya 1 meter dan otak kecil 380 cc. H. floresiensis diperkirakan hidup di Flores antara 94,000-12,000 tahun lalu dan memiliki kemampuan menggunakan api serta membuat alat batu.
Homo Floresiensis
Homo Floresiensis were a possible early hominin species in the genus Homo. Two skeletons were discovered on the island of Flores in Indonesia, dating back 18,000 years. The skeletons were remarkably small, with one individual named LB1 standing just over 1 meter tall and possessing a brain roughly 2/3 the size of a modern human's. While LB1 displayed some primitive, ape-like features, it also showed advanced, human-like traits such as an enlarged area of the brain associated with complex thought. Some scientists believe LB1 suffered from a disease, while others argue the fossils provide evidence of a distinct species.
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Parque natural de las Médulas
El Parque Natural de las Médulas se encuentra en la provincia de León y contiene los restos de una antigua mina de oro romana. Las Médulas eran la mayor mina de oro a cielo abierto del Imperio romano, donde extrajeron 800,000 kg de oro utilizando métodos hidráulicos. El paisaje actual está formado por cárcavas y cortados de color rojo intenso debido a la gran cantidad de tierra removida por los romanos, creando un relieve único declarado Patrimonio Mundial por la UNES
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The Great Lakes - Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario - are a dominant part of North America's physical and cultural heritage. They are the largest surface freshwater system on Earth, containing about 21% of the world's surface fresh water. The document then provides details on each individual lake, including their size, depth, surrounding land use, and other characteristics.
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs dominated land for over 160 million years. Birds evolved from small feathered theropod dinosaurs and are now considered a type of dinosaur. While sauropods like Brachiosaurus were the largest at over 30 meters long, small feathered dinosaurs like Microraptor were only around a chicken's size. Dinosaurs displayed a diversity of body shapes, sizes, diets and behaviors during their long reign.
Evolucion del hombre
El documento describe la evolución del hombre desde los primeros homínidos hasta el Homo sapiens sapiens moderno. Los primeros homínidos bípedos fueron los Australopithecus, seguidos por el Homo habilis que adoptó una postura más erguida. Luego apareció el Homo erectus con un cerebro más grande que descubrió el uso del fuego. Finalmente evolucionó el Homo sapiens y luego el Homo sapiens sapiens con las características físicas del hombre actual.
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This document provides an overview of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils found in Ohio. It describes that vertebrate fossils are rare but can include fish, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals. Invertebrate fossils are more common and can include brachiopods, trilobites, graptolites, corals, snails, echinoids, and crinoids. The document provides examples of representative fossils from each group.
Lesson Presentation
Thank you for the summary. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Oney Judge Frees Herself
This presentation was prepared for Deaf and hard of hearing students in MsAmyLC's social studies classes.
Yacimiento de Atapuerca
La Sierra de Atapuerca en España contiene varios yacimientos arqueológicos importantes que datan desde hace 800,000 años, incluyendo restos del Homo antecessor, Homo heidelbergensis y Homo sapiens. Los yacimientos más significativos son la Sima del Elefante, Gran Dolina y Sima de los Huesos, que han proporcionado valiosa información sobre la evolución humana en Europa.
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Fosil manusia bertubuh kecil ditemukan di Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia pada tahun 2003. Spesies baru diberi nama Homo floresiensis yang memiliki tubuh hanya 1 meter dan otak kecil 380 cc. H. floresiensis diperkirakan hidup di Flores antara 94,000-12,000 tahun lalu dan memiliki kemampuan menggunakan api serta membuat alat batu.
Homo Floresiensis
Homo Floresiensis were a possible early hominin species in the genus Homo. Two skeletons were discovered on the island of Flores in Indonesia, dating back 18,000 years. The skeletons were remarkably small, with one individual named LB1 standing just over 1 meter tall and possessing a brain roughly 2/3 the size of a modern human's. While LB1 displayed some primitive, ape-like features, it also showed advanced, human-like traits such as an enlarged area of the brain associated with complex thought. Some scientists believe LB1 suffered from a disease, while others argue the fossils provide evidence of a distinct species.
Homo Floresiensis
This document summarizes research analyzing the skeletal remains of Homo floresiensis (LB1) discovered on the Indonesian island of Flores in 2003. Studies of the wrist, shoulder, and skull bones find that LB1 differs significantly from modern humans and Neanderthals in ways that are more similar to early hominins and great apes. This includes features of the trapezoid, capitate, and scaphoid wrist bones, as well as low humeral torsion and short clavicles in the shoulder. Analysis of the skull shows it clusters with archaic Homo species and is distinct from microcephalic humans. Overall, the evidence from multiple bones supports classifying Homo floresiensis as
Homo floresiensis
El Homo floresiensis fue una posible especie reciente del género Homo que vivió en la isla de Flores, Indonesia hasta hace 12,000 años. Se caracterizaba por su pequeño tamaño corporal y cerebral, aunque tenía proporciones similares al Homo erectus. Algunas teorías sugieren que su pequeño tamaño se debió a una deficiencia de yodo. A pesar de su pequeño cerebro, utilizaba herramientas de piedra y fuego, lo que indica un comportamiento avanzado. Fue contemporáneo con los human
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Homo rodhesiensis terminado
El Homo rhodesiensis vivió en África entre 600,000 y 160,000 años atrás. Tenían cráneos de 1280-1325 cm3, eran altos y fuertes con rasgos faciales modernos. Usaban herramientas del estilo Musteriense como hachas de mano de sílex. Vivían en cuevas y cazaban bisontes, ciervos y conejos en territorios boscosos.
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Homo ergaster vivió en África hace unos 2 millones de años y se expandió a otros continentes. Tuvo un cráneo menos robusto que Homo erectus asiático y un cerebro más grande de unos 850 cm3. Se cree que Homo ergaster fue el primer homínido en establecer relaciones sociales complejas y utilizar tecnología avanzada como herramientas achelenses.
Homo antecessor
El documento describe el Homo antecessor, una especie descubierta en 1997 en la Sierra de Atapuerca en España que vivió hace entre 750.000 y 850.000 años. Los restos fueron hallados en el yacimiento de Gran Dolina y presentaban rasgos dentales primitivos similares a los homínidos africanos. Se cree que el Homo antecessor practicaba el canibalismo y enterraba a sus muertos. Usaban varios tipos de piedra para hacer utensilios de manera simple y cazaban diversos animales aunque también practic
Australopithecus africanus
Este documento resume las características del Australopithecus africanus, una especie de homínido fósil encontrado en Sudáfrica. Algunos de los primeros fósiles encontrados fueron el "Niño de Taung" y el cráneo más completo, "Señora Ples". Raymond Dart realizó importantes descubrimientos sobre esta especie, incluyendo que caminaban bípedos y tenían un cerebro similar al humano. Vivían en sabanas secas y se alimentaban de frutos y semillas.
homo antecesor
El documento describe los descubrimientos de Homo antecessor en la Sierra de Atapuerca en España, incluyendo los restos de 6 individuos de hace más de 780,000 años descubiertos en 1994. Homo antecessor vivió hace aproximadamente un millón de años y se considera el ancestro común de los neandertales y Homo sapiens. Fue descrito por primera vez en 1997 por un equipo de investigadores españoles en Atapuerca basándose en fósiles recuperados del yacimiento.
Homo Ergaster
O Homo ergaster viveu no Pleistoceno na África, Europa, Ásia e Oceania, pesando cerca de 60 quilos e medindo 1,6 a 1,7 metros. Eles eram onívoros e tinham quadris adaptados para longas caminhadas, uma capacidade craniana média de 900 cm3 e possivelmente usavam ferramentas de pedra e controle do fogo.
Homo antecessor
Homo antecessor fue la especie homínida más antigua encontrada en Europa, datando de aproximadamente 800,000 años. Los fósiles fueron descubiertos en la Sierra de Atapuerca, España. Eran individuos altos y fuertes con un cerebro más pequeño que los humanos modernos. Su morfología revolucionó las ideas sobre la evolución humana, teniendo una cara más moderna y una capacidad craneal elevada. Vivían en grupos pequeños y practicaban la caza, el canibalismo y el uso de herramientas de madera.
HOMBRE NEANDERTAL
El documento describe al Hombre de Neandertal. Vivió en Europa y Asia occidental hace 230,000 a 29,000 años y evolucionó paralelamente al Homo sapiens. Se cree que desciende del Homo heidelbergensis. Aunque al principio se pensaba que sólo comían carne, estudios recientes muestran que su dieta también incluía pescado y mariscos. Vivían en grupos organizados de unas 30 personas, enterraban a sus muertos y practicaban la caza en grupo de manera sofisticada.
Homo ergaster
Homo ergaster apareció hace unos 2 millones de años en África y se expandió hacia otros continentes. Medía alrededor de 1.8 metros y tenía un pecho más estrecho que los humanos modernos. Desarrolló un lenguaje más complejo y la capacidad de transmitir conocimientos entre generaciones. Evolucionó hacia Homo erectus en Asia y Homo heidelbergensis en Europa.
Australopithecus africanus
descripción del australopithecus africanus, sus caracteristicas fisicas, ubacacion temporal y espacial
HOMO SAPIENS
Este documento describe la evolución y migraciones de Homo sapiens. Señala que Homo sapiens comparte casi un 99% de sus genes con chimpancés y bonobos. Los fósiles más antiguos de Homo sapiens tienen unos 200,000 años y proceden de Etiopía. La evidencia genética y fósil sugiere que todos los humanos descienden de una única Eva mitocondrial que vivió en África hace 140,000-200,000 años. Homo sapiens comenzó a migrar fuera de África hace unos 90,
Australopithecus africanus
Los neandertales probablemente no tenían lenguaje articulado debido a que el área de Broca, responsable del habla motora, estaba poco desarrollada en su cerebro. Se cree que vivían en bandas pequeñas y su constitución física era similar a la de los humanos modernos pero con una caja torácica más estrecha debido a su locomoción bípeda. El documento también menciona hallazgos arqueológicos clave como la Sra. de Ples y el Niño de Taung e incluye una bibliografía relevante
HOMO ERECTUS
Homo erectus fue una especie humana robusta que vivió entre 1.8 millones y 300 mil años atrás en Asia y África. Tenía un tamaño corporal grande, con un cerebro entre 800-1200 cc, y utilizaba herramientas de piedra pulida para cazar en grupo. Aprendió a utilizar el fuego para calentarse y cocinar, aunque no podía producirlo. Emigró fuera de África, estableciéndose en Europa y Asia donde se adaptó a climas más fríos.
Homo sapiens
Este documento clasifica al Homo Sapiens en el reino animal, filo de los cordados, subfilo de los vertebrados, clase de los mamíferos y orden de los primates. Explica las adaptaciones fisiológicas del Homo Sapiens como la bipedación y la liberación de las manos, así como su comportamiento flexible y aprendizaje. También describe los atributos culturales del Homo Sapiens como el desarrollo de la cultura, el lenguaje y la organización social, y explica que los primeros humanos procedían de África
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presentation on human evolution
There were seven major stages of human evolution beginning with Ardipithecus ramidus 4.4 million years ago. They were the most ape-like and lived in woodlands. Later stages included Australopithecus afarensis which lived 3.2 million years ago and exhibited bipedalism. Homo habilis existed around 2.3 million years ago and were the first to make stone tools. Homo erectus lived around 1.8 million years ago and were more populous, developing improved tools. Later groups such as Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthals, and Homo sapiens had increasingly larger brain sizes, used fire, and exhibited more advanced
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variation
Anthropology
REFERENCES:
Ember, C. (2007). Anthropology. Singapore: Pearson Educational South Asia.
Ember, C., Ember, M., & Peregrine, P. (2009). Human evolution and culture: Highlights of anthropology. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ervin, A. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson.
Kottak, C. (2011). Anthropology: Appreciating cultural diversity. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Kottak, C. (2008). Anthropology: The explanation of human diversity. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill.
Launda, R. (2010). Core concepts in cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Nanda, S. (2007). Cultural anthropology. Belmont, California: Walsworth/Thomson Learning.
CHAPTER 9The Earliest Dispersal of the Genus Homo Homo .docx
CHAPTER 9
The Earliest Dispersal of the Genus Homo:
Homo erectus and Contemporaries
First Dispersal of the Hominins
• Close to 2 million years ago, hominins expanded out of Africa into other areas
of the Old World.
• Early hominin fossils have never been discovered out of Africa, leading
researchers to believe that the early hominins were isolated there for 5 million
years.
• After 2 mya, there’s less diversity in these hominins than in their pre-
australopith and australopith predecessors.
• There is some variation among the different geographical groups of these
hominins, and anthropologists still debate how to classify them.
• There is universal agreement that the hominins found outside of Africa are
members of genus Homo.
Homo erectus
• The first hominin to expand into new regions of the Old
World.
• Homo erectus is the hominin species for which there is the
most evidence.
• As a species, H. erectus existed over 1 million years.
• More evolved behavioral/cultural practices and larger more
derived bodies aided their success
• East African finds have been dated to 1.7 m.y.a.
Lumping vs Splitting
• Depending on preference researchers tend to want to
group individual fossil finds together into species
(lumping) or split a genus into as many identifiable
species as possible (spliting)
• Some researchers split Homo erectus into two species
• African fossils into Homo ergaster.
• Asian fossils into Homo erectus
• Analyses show that H. erectus/ergaster are a closely
related species and possibly geographical varieties of a
single species
Morphology of Homo erectus
• There was much varition in the individual groups that are
included in H. erectus, but they share a set of features:
Body Size
• Adult weight >100 lbs, average adult height of ca. 5 feet 6
inches
• Sexually dimorphic, weight and height varied according to
sex
• Increased robusticity (heavily built body) that dominated
hominin evolution until anatomically modern H. sapiens
Brain Size
• Cranial capacities 700 cm3 to 1250 cm3
• Brain size closely linked with overall body size
• H. erectus is larger-bodied than early Homo sample
but relative brain size is about the same
• Relative brain size of H. erectus is considerably
less encephalized than later members of genus
Homo
Cranial Shape
• Thick cranial bone, large brow ridges (supraorbital tori), and projecting
nuchal torus
• A projection of bone in the back of the cranium where neck muscles attach;
used to hold up the head.
• Braincase long and low, with little forehead development
• Cranium wider at base, compared with earlier and later species
• Sagittal keel, a small ridge from front to back along the sagittal suture
African Origin of H. erectus
• African origin supported by evidence of:
1. Earlier hominins prior to the appearance of H. erectus occurring in
Africa.
2. 1.7 mya fossils at East Turkana, in Kenya, where australopiths have
also ...
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Humanevolution not2
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human evolution biology
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2. Major adaptations that set humans apart from other apes included bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and use of language. The earliest evidence of tool use dates back 2.5 million years.
3. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago and spread throughout the world, with some interbreeding with Neanderthals. Significant evolutionary
Spinops sternbergorum
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Unit 6 human evolution a
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and early species of Homo.
2. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are identified as early species of the genus Homo that began walking fully upright and using simple stone tools between 2-1 million years ago.
3. Later species discussed include Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are identified as emerging in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Unit 6 human evolution a
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and early species of Homo.
2. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are discussed as being the first hominins to use tools. Species like Homo heidelbergensis show evidence of burials and tool making.
3. Neanderthals, Homo floresiensis, and modern humans Homo sapiens are the most recent hominin species discussed, with H. sapiens originating in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating worldwide
human evolution
1. The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including the earliest hominins that originated in Africa 6-7 million years ago and the appearance of modern humans around 200,000 years ago.
2. Key hominin species discussed are Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. Major adaptations include bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and use of fire.
3. The timeline shows human ancestors like Homo erectus migrating from Africa around 1.8 million years ago, with Homo sapiens emerging in Africa around 195,
The origin of man
This document discusses theories about human origins, including creationism, evolution, and anthropology. It describes the emergence of two groups - polygenists who believed scientific inquiry should prevail over the Bible, and monogenists who defended the Bible's validity. The document outlines evolutionary theories including Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. It describes early hominids like Australopithecus and Homo species, and identifies Homo sapiens as the only surviving human species with two main types, Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. Other origin theories like theistic evolution and Raelism are also mentioned.
The culture of early hominids
Hominids first emerged in East Africa around 4 million years ago, classified in the genus Australopithecus. Later hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus had larger brains and were the first to use tools. Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago in Africa and had fully modern human traits, later migrating to Europe and Asia. Theories on modern human origins include a single origin near the East or multiregional evolution in various places.
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This document discusses the evolution of early human species from 2 million years ago to present-day Homo sapiens. It describes several early hominid species including Homo habilis, the first to make stone tools; Homo erectus, the first hunters; Homo heidelbergensis, who lived in colder climates; and Homo floresiensis, known as the "hobbit". The document also outlines the characteristics and time periods of Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens sapiens. The overall evolution helped identify physiological developments important for early humans' subsistence over successive generations.
African Exodus
1) Homo erectus were the first hominids to disperse out of Africa around 1.8 million years ago, migrating to various parts of Asia and Europe.
2) Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and western Asia from 130,000-30,000 years ago, were premodern humans that shared traits with modern humans but also had distinguishing morphological features.
3) Anatomically modern humans are believed to have first evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating and replacing or interbreeding with local populations, though some argue regional continuity of evolution also occurred.
Unit 6_Human Evolution_Complete.pptx
1. Several hominin species evolved in Africa over millions of years, including Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus.
2. Homo erectus was the first hominin to migrate out of Africa, spreading across Asia and Europe between 1.8 million to 100,000 years ago.
3. Neanderthals evolved in Europe and western Asia between 250,000-30,000 years ago before going extinct, while modern humans emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Human Evolution
1. Several hominin species evolved in Africa over millions of years, including Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo heidelbergensis.
2. Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago in Africa before migrating to Asia and Europe, where they encountered species like Homo floresiensis and Homo neanderthalensis.
3. Key adaptations that emerged over time included bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and modern human behaviors and capabilities.
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1) Early hominids like Australopithecus that lived 4-2 million years ago
2) Homo habilis that made tools 2 million years ago
3) Homo erectus that invented fire and made advanced tools 1 million years ago
4) Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens that developed culture and art 50,000 years ago
5) The development of modern Homo sapiens sapiens in the last 15,000 years
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Homo Floresiensis presentation
- 5. • “Mythological” human creatures of the Island of Flores Indonesia • Ebu means “grandmother” • Gogo means “he who eats everything” • Small hairy creatures • Ate everything raw • Had their own language but learned the human language as well
- 6. • Ebu Gogo would raid crops, ad crossed the line when a baby was stolen and was eaten • For this action they chased them away • They offered them bales of dry grass as fodder • They came back a few days later with a burning bale of grass • Ran the Ebu Gogo’s out of the cave • Last seen heading west in the direction of Liang Bua, where the hobbit was found
- 7. • Father Theodor Verhoeven • Years ago Vergoeven was brought to Flores to teach religion • First used the cave as an elementary school • Verhoeven then decided that the floor was a great excavation project in 1950 • In 1960 large amounts of stone artifacts and pottery was found
- 8. • The first excavation lead by Raden Panji Soejono • Director of ARKENAS • National Research Centre for Archaeology • Was planning to dig through the last 100,000 years • It was believe this was the point in time there were humans, although there were little evidence about the arrival of modern humans and extinction of earlier human populations.
- 10. 3.5 metres down
- 11. • Small body • arm bone to leg bone ratio, baboon like • was likely to adapt in trees than modern humans • stout long-bone shafts and arm-bone to thigh bone ratio • are more in accord with a four legged walker • orients the long axes of its limbs bone oblique to the force of gravity
- 12. • Skull • Very small with a very small vertically face • Forehead is relatively high • The cast of LB1 skull shows a very small brain • Brain volume of 380cc comparable to living chimpanzees and below to gorillas
- 13. • Tooth suggest wide range of foods like vertebrates, fruits, seeds, tubers, and herbs • Lower premolars • Elongated and have double roots • Upper premolars • Correspondingly unique shape • Both upper and lower rows are relatively narrow and the front teeth small • Given its small body size insects may have provided a greater percentage of the diet that large extinct hominids
- 14. • Homo floresiensis species isn’t a separate species at all, but instead belonged to a group of modern humans whose size was restricted because they had a disease • Microcephaly • An abnormally small head due to failure of brain growth
- 16. Island dwarfism- process that results from long-term isolation on a small island with limited food resources and lack of predators.
- 17. • Remains found were not that of a new species at all. • Ancestors of modern human pygmies who live on island currently • The features in LB1’s cranium previously said to be diagnostic of a new species are still found in the Rampasasa pygmies on the island today.
- 19. For Macs: NOVA scienceNOW : 6 - Little people of flores
- 20. • "Claim of 'Hobbit' Species Discounted." LiveScience.com. LiveScience Staff, 21 Aug. 2006. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. <http://www.livescience.com/992-claim-hobbit-species-discounted.html>. • Ghosh, Pallab. "Study Backs 'hobbit' Island Dwarfism Theory." BBC News. BBC, 17 Apr. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22166736>. • Malory, Marcia. "Homo floresiensis – The Hobbit." Earth Facts. N.p., 18 Decem 2009. Web. 16 Oct 2013. <http://www.earthfacts.com/evolution/homofloresiensishobbit/>. • "Microcephaly Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions of Popular Medical Terms Easily Defined on MedTerms." Medterms. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. h http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4373>. • Morwood, Mike J. , and Oosterzee Penny Van. A New Human. New York (N. Y.): Smithsonian /Collins, 2007. Print. • NOVA ScienceNOW : 6 - Little People of Flores. YouTube. YouTube, 23 July 2012. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMBlG-BaOEs>. • Photograph. Website. 20 Oct. 2013. http:// 1.bp.blogspot.com/_iq2vQY1Jeaw/TG1iuWhkBjI/AAAAAAAAVe8/Z83qN0NQ9dg/s1600/ ebugogo3.jpg • Sawyer, G. J., Viktor Deak, Esteban Sarmiento, Richard Milner, Donald C. Johanson, Meave Leakey, and Ian Tattersall. The Last Human: A Guide to Twenty-two Species of Extinct Humans. New Haven: Yale UP, 2007. Print. • “Villager Speak of the Small, Hairy Ebu Gogo.” Thetelegraph.com.uk. The Telegraph, 28 Oct. 2004. Web. 20 Oct. 2013 • Wen-M “Ebu Gogo.” Photograph. Website. Deviant Art. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. http://wen-m. deviantart.com/art/Day-3-EbuGogo-364413974