Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel the algae living in their tissues, causing them to turn completely white. There are three main causes of coral bleaching: high water temperatures, water pollution from various sources, and oxygen starvation. Five proposed solutions to coral bleaching are reducing emissions to lower ocean temperatures, being aware of pollutants used near water sources, cleaning up marine debris, planting trees, and being careful when interacting with coral reefs.

1. Coral Bleaching
Teachers: Dot MacKenzie and Usman Ali
Group: Group 2
Names/Student Numbers: Tseng, Hsuan-Hua 1785140
Lin, Yu-Kai 1784198
Cao, Lei 1719216

2.  Definition
 Three Main Causes
 Five Solutions
 Conclusion
Contents

3. Definition
Coral Bleaching -
The changes in the environment, such as water
temperature, light or nutrients which stress
corals, causing them to expel their symbiotic
algae and then turn completely white.(source)

4. Definition
 Figure 1: National Oceanic
and Atmospheric
Administration U.S.
Department of Commerce
(2017), What is Coral
Bleaching?, [Graph] Retrieved
from: https://goo.gl/aAqXch

5. Main Causes of Coral Bleaching
(1) High Water Temperature
 Figure 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2017), Global Coral Bleaching 2014-
2017: Status and an Appeal for Observations, [Graph] Retrieved from: https://goo.gl/RX8XCV

6. Main Causes of Coral Bleaching
(2) Water Pollution
 Land-Based Pollution Sources
 Marine Debris
 Mineral Dust from African Dust Storms

7.  Over Fishing
 Raising Zooplankton
Main Causes of Coral Bleaching
(3) Oxygen Starvation

8. Solutions
(1) Reduce Emissions
 Reduce fossil fuels, which create carbon
dioxide and affect the temperature of ocean
waters.
 Higher temperatures or temperature swings
contribute to the bleaching processes.

9. Solution
(2) Realize What Products You Use Everyday
 Do not use fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides,
or similar products, as these will eventually
enter the water system.

10. Solution
(3) Pick Up Litter On The Beach
 Trash on the beach will directly pollute water.

11. Solution
(4) Plant trees
 Trees help to reduce carbon dioxide.

12. Solution
(5) Responsibilities of Water Activities
 Never touch reefs when diving, snorkeling
and boating to prevent damaging the fragile
eco-system.

13. Conclusion
 Necessary Measurements
 Responsibilities

14.  Figure 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce
(2017), What is Coral Bleaching?, [Graph] Retrieved from: https://goo.gl/aAqXch [Accessed on
28 August 2017]
 Figure 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2017), Global Coral Bleaching 2014-
2017: Status and an Appeal for Observations, [Graph] Retrieved from: https://goo.gl/RX8XCV
[Accessed on 28 August 2017]
 Lombardo, C. (2017), 6 Solutions to Coral Bleaching - Vision Launch, [online] Vision Launch,
Available from: http://visionlaunch.com/6-solutions-coral-bleaching/# [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2017), How Pollution Affects Coral Reefs,
Available from : https://goo.gl/vBmxwp [Accessed on 28 August 2017]
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United of America (2017), Tropical dead
zones and mass mortalities on coral reefs, Available from : https://goo.gl/sYGmKW [Accessed on
28 August 2017]
References

15. Thank You
for Listening
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