This document summarizes information about 10 different chemical elements: osmium, rhodium, copper, cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, fluorine, bromine, and tin. For each element, it provides details on the origin of the name, key chemical and physical properties, harmful health effects of exposure, and some common uses. The elements discussed range from metals to nonmetals and include several that are toxic or hazardous in certain forms.
ORGANIC COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS IN UNDERGROUND CHAM...Adriana de Araujo
Underground electrical transformers are frequently submitted to a very aggressive environment because of the stagnated water of underground chambers which is heated and contaminated. In Brazil, carbon steel structures of underground transformers are usually protected with coal tar epoxy paints in order to ensure their reliability. However, the use of this type of paints is being strongly restricted because coal tar contains complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which contain many toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances. Aiming at replacing coal tar based paints by an environmentally friendly one; several paints were selected in the local market and submitted to performance tests in order to compare them with coal tar based paint. In addition, anodes were evaluated to study the application of galvanic cathodic protection in areas of metal exposure due to coating flaws. This paper presents and discusses the obtained results.
Os transformadores elétricos subterrâneos estão frequentemente expostos à corrosão intensa decorrente da estagnação de água aquecida e contaminada das câmaras subterrâneas. No Brasil, as estruturas de aço-carbono do transformador subterrâneo são usualmente protegidas com pintura de epóxi alcatrão de hulha que contém substâncias tóxicas e potencialmente cancerígenas. Com o objetivo de substituir as tintas à base de alcatrão de hulha por tintas ecologicamente corretas, tintas disponíveis no mercado nacional foram selecionadas e submetidas a ensaios de desempenho para a sua comparação com a tinta de alcatrão de hulha. Além disso, anodos foram avaliados para o estudo da aplicação de proteção catódica galvânica do metal exposto em áreas de falhas do revestimento. Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados obtidos.
ARAUJO, A.; PANOSSIAN, Z; ALMEIDA, N.L; MARTINS, M.C.; JUNIOR, S.D.A. Organic coatings for corrosion protection of transformers in underground chambers. In: NACE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPO, 2012, Salt Lake City, Proceedings... Salt Lake City: NACE 2012.
ORGANIC COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS IN UNDERGROUND CHAM...Adriana de Araujo
Underground electrical transformers are frequently submitted to a very aggressive environment because of the stagnated water of underground chambers which is heated and contaminated. In Brazil, carbon steel structures of underground transformers are usually protected with coal tar epoxy paints in order to ensure their reliability. However, the use of this type of paints is being strongly restricted because coal tar contains complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which contain many toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances. Aiming at replacing coal tar based paints by an environmentally friendly one; several paints were selected in the local market and submitted to performance tests in order to compare them with coal tar based paint. In addition, anodes were evaluated to study the application of galvanic cathodic protection in areas of metal exposure due to coating flaws. This paper presents and discusses the obtained results.
Os transformadores elétricos subterrâneos estão frequentemente expostos à corrosão intensa decorrente da estagnação de água aquecida e contaminada das câmaras subterrâneas. No Brasil, as estruturas de aço-carbono do transformador subterrâneo são usualmente protegidas com pintura de epóxi alcatrão de hulha que contém substâncias tóxicas e potencialmente cancerígenas. Com o objetivo de substituir as tintas à base de alcatrão de hulha por tintas ecologicamente corretas, tintas disponíveis no mercado nacional foram selecionadas e submetidas a ensaios de desempenho para a sua comparação com a tinta de alcatrão de hulha. Além disso, anodos foram avaliados para o estudo da aplicação de proteção catódica galvânica do metal exposto em áreas de falhas do revestimento. Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados obtidos.
ARAUJO, A.; PANOSSIAN, Z; ALMEIDA, N.L; MARTINS, M.C.; JUNIOR, S.D.A. Organic coatings for corrosion protection of transformers in underground chambers. In: NACE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPO, 2012, Salt Lake City, Proceedings... Salt Lake City: NACE 2012.
Chemistry Investigatory project on "Study of constituents of an alloy"Swaroop Somanna
This is a CBSE class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project on the topic "Study of constituents of an alloy".
THIS PROJECT HAS ALREADY BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE RESPECTIVE SCHOOL BY THE AUTHOR AND MUST NOT BE COPIED.
This project must only be used for idea gaining and reference purpose.
Solvents & their impact on environmentWishal Butt
A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute resulting in a solution.
most of the solvents are combustible, often highly volatile and extremely flammable and they should always be handled with care.
An organic solvent containing oxygen as part of the molecular structure.
EXAMPLE:-
alcohols, glycol ethers, ketones, esters, and glycol ether.
USES
These solvents are widely used in paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, adhesives, cosmetics, detergents, and food processing.During the synthesis of such solvents like alcohol, the residue of molasses is disposed off out of the industry containing microbes, may contaminate the soil & water.
Alcohol poisoning
Respiratory depressions
Low rate of metabolism by abnormal liver.
This topic describes two main categories of corrosion. It also explains the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the differences between the types of corrosion. This topic also states the corrosion preventive steps.
Chemistry Investigatory project on "Study of constituents of an alloy"Swaroop Somanna
This is a CBSE class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project on the topic "Study of constituents of an alloy".
THIS PROJECT HAS ALREADY BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE RESPECTIVE SCHOOL BY THE AUTHOR AND MUST NOT BE COPIED.
This project must only be used for idea gaining and reference purpose.
Solvents & their impact on environmentWishal Butt
A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute resulting in a solution.
most of the solvents are combustible, often highly volatile and extremely flammable and they should always be handled with care.
An organic solvent containing oxygen as part of the molecular structure.
EXAMPLE:-
alcohols, glycol ethers, ketones, esters, and glycol ether.
USES
These solvents are widely used in paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, adhesives, cosmetics, detergents, and food processing.During the synthesis of such solvents like alcohol, the residue of molasses is disposed off out of the industry containing microbes, may contaminate the soil & water.
Alcohol poisoning
Respiratory depressions
Low rate of metabolism by abnormal liver.
This topic describes two main categories of corrosion. It also explains the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the differences between the types of corrosion. This topic also states the corrosion preventive steps.
This presentation was given to the attendees of Comms by the Coast - for Student Union communications people - at Sussex University and their colleagues.
Contact Christine Townsend for any further advice or to visit your organisation to talk about digital engagement and crisis communication.
3 minutes slideshow, you can learn what you would learn in 3 years. Dont miss it guys! FIVE most important tips for delivering a KILLER PRESENTATION that will make you a successful speaker right now.
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
A molecule not consisting of carbon atoms.
Any molecule that is not considered organic, or not of biological origin.
Inorganics include salts, metals, substances made from single elements and any other compounds that don't contain carbon bonded to hydrogen.
table salt or sodium chloride, NaCl.
carbon dioxide, CO2.
Humans are exposed to these metals by ingestion (drinking or eating) or inhalation (breathing).
Working in or living near an industrial site which utilizes these metals and their compounds increases ones risk of exposure.
UNIT IIAir pollution –Sources – pollutants –CO, NOx, SOx, Hydrocarbons, Particulates. Effect on ecosystem., Ozone layer –importance, Ozone depletion-Control measures- Acid rain-control of acid rain- Green house effect-global warming,-photochemical smog- effect pollution on plants and human beings. Control of air pollution .Noise Pollution – physiological response to noise,Noise categories- effect of noise – biological effects.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
3. Osmium
•From osme, or odor
•Like Iridium, it is considered the
most dense elements
•It is a metal which has a pungent
smell, and is used in producing
alloys of extreme hardness
Harmful Effects:
•Some compounds of osmium are
extremely dangerous.
•They irritate the respiratory passage Uses:
(throat, lungs,
etc.), the skin, and the eyes.
•Fountain pen nibs
•Fingerprint detector
•Phonograph needle
4. Rhodium
•From Rhodon, or rose
•This metal is lustrous and silvery white
•It has a higher melting point and lower
density than platinum
•It has a high reflectance and is hard and
durable
•It is a very durable metal, insoluble in
ordinary acids and very difficult to fuse
Harmful Effects:
Uses:
•Compounds of rhodium stain the skin
very strongly
•Headlight reflectors
•It is very flammable
•Furnace windings
•The substance can be absorbed into the •Spark plugs
body by inhalation of its aerosol
5. Copper
•From Cuprum, Cyprus
•The metal used during the “bronze age”
•The only red colored metal which is
widely used in electrical products due to
its high electrical conductivity
Harmful Effects:
•Causes Copper Poisoning
Acute ingestion of excessive copper can
cause Diarrhea, Epigastric pain and
discomfort, Blood in the urine, Liver
damage, Low blood pressure, Nausea, Uses:
Vomiting, Kidney failure due to severe
intravascular haemolysis
•Cables
•Wires
•Gun metals
6. Cadmium
•From kadmia or earth
•It occurs in nature with Zinc
•When heated, it burns with air with a
bright light
•Its compounds are toxic, particularly in
soluble and respirable forms, being more
easily absorbed through inhaled dust or
fumes
Harmful Effects:
•Chronic dust or fume exposure can
irreversibly damage the lungs, producing
shortness of breath and emphysema. Uses:
•Cadmium mainly accumulates in the
kidneys and liver and can lead to serious •Rechargeable Batteries
kidney failure, nephrotoxicity, renal stone •Solder
formation, bone disease and persistent
•Electroplating
proteinuria at high exposures.
7. Mercury
•From Mercury, the planet, HG from
hydrargyrum, or liquid silver.
•Is the only common metal which is
liquid at room temperature
•Mercury and the other noble metals
were the first elements to be
discovered and utilized by humans
because they exist in nature either in
the free state or as easily decomposable
compounds.
Harmful Effects:
•Mercury is ubiquitous in the environment.
•Spewing from volcanoes, evaporating off Uses:
bodies of water, and rising as gas from the
Earth's crust, the poisonous, metallic •Thermometers
element floats in the air as vapor or binds to •Paints
particles. •Pesticides
•Eventually it falls to the Earth to settle in
sediment, oceans, and lakes, or reenters the
atmosphere by evaporation.
8. Lead
•Symbol Pb is from plumbum, the
origin of plumber
•A prehistoric metal which is durable
but toxic
•It has been the backbone of
plumbing industries
•Lead is a particularly dangerous
chemical, as it can accumulate in
individual organisms, but also in
entire food chains
Harmful Effects:
•Causes lead poisoning
•Potential effects in humans are abdominal
cramps, learning disabilities, attention Uses:
deficit disorder, constipation, anemia,
tiredness, nerve damage, vomiting, •Batteries
convulsions, anorexia, and brain damage. •Cable Covers
•Wildlife and waterfowl are also frequently •Drain Pipes
poisoned through the ingestion of lead and
lead shot.
9. Arsenic
•From Arsenikos or male
•It appears in three allotropic forms:
yellow, black and grey; the stable form is
a silver-gray, brittle crystalline solid
•When heated, it rapidly oxidizes to
arsenic trioxide, which has a garlic odor
•A semi-metallic element noted or being
poisonous although some of its
compounds are medicinal
Harmful Effects:
•Exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause
various health effects, such as irritation of the
stomach and intestines, decreased production Uses:
of red and white blood cells, skin changes and
lung irritation. •Poisons
•A very high exposure to inorganic arsenic can •Insecticides
cause infertility and miscarriages to women, •Doping Agents
and it can cause skin disturbances, declined
resistance to infections, heart disruptions and
brain damage with both men and women.
10. Fluorine
•From fluo, or flow.
•It is a poisonous pale yellow element
•Nearly all compounds are
decomposed by fluorine forming
fluorides that are among the most
stable of all chemical compounds
•It is the most reactive element known
Harmful Effects:
•Excessive exposure to sulfur
hexafluoride may affect the brain
•The main impact of sulfur
Uses:
hexafluoride on the environment is a
greenhouse gas, influencing climate •Toothpaste Additive
change •Refrigerant
•High-temperature Plastics
11. Bromine
•From bromos, stench
•It has similar chemical properties to
Chlorine
•At room temperature, bromine is
liquid, giving off poisonous, suffocating,
reddish vapor composed of diatomic
molecules
•It is used in industry to make
organobromo compounds
•A major one was dibromoethane an
agent for leaded gasoline, before they
were largely phased out due to
environmental considerations
Uses:
Harmful Effects:
•Photographic Film
•Bromine is poisonous •Gasoline Antiknock
•Causes skin burns. •Flame-proofing Agents
12. Tin
•Sn from stannum
•An ancient metal used in canning due
to its resistance to rust and other
corrosion
•Tins as single atoms or molecules are
not very toxic to any kind of organism,
the toxic form is the organic form
Harmful Effects:
•Some acute effects of tin are headaches,
stomachaches and urination problem
•Organic tin components can maintain in Uses:
the environment for long periods of time
•They are known to cause a great deal of •Cans
harm to aquatic ecosystems, as they are very
•Panel Lighting
toxic to fungi, algae and phytoplankton
•Super Conductive Magnets
•Organic tins are known to disturb growth,
reproduction, enzymatic systems and
feeding patterns of aquatic organisms