Grid Solutions is a joint venture between GE and Alstom that serves power utilities globally. It equips 90% of power utilities worldwide, bringing power reliably from generation to consumers. Grid Solutions helps meet growing energy demands by enabling renewables, improving grid resiliency and efficiency, and upgrading aging infrastructure. The document discusses challenges facing grid management like complexity, uncertainties, and security issues and opportunities for smart grid projects in generation, transmission, and distribution. It outlines the vision for a smarter grid with real-time IT, communication, and automation at the device, regional and system-wide levels.

1. Imagination at work
Grid Software Solutions
Smart Grids
Patricia Gómez
May 5th, 2016

3. Grid Solutions
Grid Solutions, a GE and Alstom joint venture, is serving customers globally with over 20,000
employees in 80 countries. Grid Solutions equips 90% of power utilities worldwide to bring power
reliably and efficiently from the point of generation to end power
consumers.
Enabling renewables and
a diversified energy mix
Improving grid resiliency
and energy efficiency
Helping to meet growing
energy demands
Upgrading and digitizing
aging infrastructure
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4. combined experience in providing
advanced energy solutions
Over 200 years
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5. Power Electronics HV Equipment Grid Automation
A Key Element of Grid
Solutions
High Voltage DC
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Reactive Power Compensation
Energy Storage
Power Transformers
Gas Insulated Substation
Air Insulated Substation
Capacitors & Voltage Regulators
Protection & Control
Substation Automation
Communications
Monitoring & Diagnostics
Software Solutions Projects & Services
Distribution & Outage Management
Energy Management Systems
Geospatial & Mobile Solutions
Gas & Pipeline Management
Turnkey Projects & Consulting
Electric Balance of Plant
High Voltage Substations
Maintenance & Asset Management
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Strategic Grid Challenges
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Visualize the Digital Industrial
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Greatest Engineering Achievements:
Of the 20th Century
20. High-performance materials
19. Nuclear technologies
18. Laser and fiber optics
17. Petroleum & petrochemical
technologies
16. Health technologies
15. Household appliances
14. Imaging
13. Internet
12. Spacecraft
11. Highways
10. Air conditioning & refrigeration
9. Telephone
8. Computers
7. Agricultural mechanization
6. Radio and television
5. Electronics
4. Water supply and distribution
3. Airplane
2. Automobile
As voted on by the prestigious US National Academy of Engineers - in 2001
#1. Electrification

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Smart Dispatch Market Drivers
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Society’s growing dependency on electricity
• Looming risks of major system disturbances
• Focus on reliable demand-supply balance & grid security
Global energy & environmental movement
• Increasing presence of DER - Distributed Energy Resources (e.g. wind, DR, etc)
• Operational challenges: DER performance uncertainties
Experiences from deregulated system operations
• Established foundation for integrating demand-supply balance with grid security constraints (e.g. LMP).
• Identified emerging deficiencies in Dispatch
Instructions
 Unrelenting complexity in
business & technical
decision process
 Smart devices/resources with
distributed intelligence
 Coordinated decision making

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Opportunities of Smart Grid Projects
Generation
• Integration of more new renewable energy sources (wind and solar)
Transmission
• High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
• Modernize substation and other equipment
Distribution
• Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS)
• Reduction in both technical and commercial losses
• Faster service restoration
Maximize Utilization of Critical Infrastructure
• Use of transmission and distribution for communications
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Today’s Power Grid
The power grid is one of the Most Complex &
Immense, ‘7 x 24 must run”, engineering
machines in existence today!

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Major Sources of Grid Vulnerability
Natural calamities
Line Overloads
Equipment & Protection failures
Communication failure
Faults
Human errors
Inadequate security margin
Gaming in the market
Sabotage/intrusion
Missing information

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Some challenges of grid management
Vulnerability assessment is a
computationally intensive
process
•Needs to be continually
updated
Measurements are noisy or
uncertain

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Timeline of high impact blackouts
History of
Blackouts Region
Duration
People
affected
Initiating Event
9-Nov-65 NE US, NYC 14 hours 25M Faulty substation relay
13-Jul-77 NYC 25 hours 8M Lightning
1-Mar-89 Quebec & NY State 9 hours 6M Geomagnetic storm
11-Mar-99 Sao Paolo, Brazil 5 hours 97M Lightning
14-Aug-03 NE US (8 states), Canada upto a day 50M Line overload problems
28-Sep-03 95% of Italy, Switzerland 18 hours 55M Line fault
12-Jul-04 Greece varied 7M Heavy Load conditions
1-Aug-05 Indonesia 5 hours 100M Grid imbalance
1-Nov-06
Germany, France, Italy,
Spain
varied 10M Line switching error
1-Feb-08 Chenzou, China 2 weeks 4M Winter storms
10-Nov-09 Brazil & Paraguay 3 hours 67M Storms
10-Jul-12
India North
24 hours 370M
Over-withdrawals, line
overloads
31-Jul-12
India - 3 regions
several hours 620M
Over-withdrawals, line
overloads

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The Reality We Face….
“Blackouts will occur again in the future”
Our power grid is too complex to make it fail-safe!!

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So what is the Solution we seek.….?
Contain an Initiating event to prevent a Cascading, failure of
the grid!
And more importantly:
How to Restore power to customers ASAP!

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A Modern EMS Control Center

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Today's Control Centers focus on:
Reliability, Security, Economics, Efficiency
Control Centers manage the
flow of energy in the grid:
• EMS manages the ‘physical flow’ of the higher
voltage ‘transmission’ system
• DMS manages the ‘physical flow’ of the lower
voltage ‘distribution’ system
• MMS manages the ‘financial flow’ amongst
electricity market participants

20. 2016 - GE Proprietary
20
EconomicsReliability
EMS Operators Objective
Reliability Economics

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Three main EMS application areas
1. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
a. Monitor power system conditions in real time (every 2-4 sec)
b. Perform manual supervisory control actions
2. Generation Scheduling & Dispatch
a. System load forecast (SLF) & Reserve Monitoring
b. Generation/Interchange scheduling & Economic Dispatch
c. Real-time automatic generation control (AGC)
a. A Smart Grid Application since the ‘70s!
b. “Automatically ensure s that generation/load balance is maintained –
second by second”
3. Transmission Grid Management
a. State Estimation (SE)
b. Real time contingency analysis (CA) for N-1 system security monitoring
c. System Optimization:
a. Volt Var Control (VVC), Loss Minimization, Corrective controls

22. 2016 - GE Proprietary
22
EMS Functions
Communication
Server Data
Acquisition
Inter Control
Center
Communication
User Interface
Real-Time
Database
System Modeling
Historical Data
Warehouse
System Functions
SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
• SCADA
• Loadshed
• Historical Recording
NETWORK
• State Estimator
• Powerflow
• Contingency
Analysis
• Security
Enhancement
• Optimal
Powerflow
GENERATION
• AGC
• Study
Functions
• Load
Forecast

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Today’s grid is already ‘Smart’
•System-wide ‘Smarts’:
1. EMS operator actions
2. EMS Automatic generation Control (AGC)
3. Automatic under/over voltage frequency shedding
4. Special grid protection schemes, RAS, SIPS, etc
•Regional ‘Smarts’:
1. Volt-Var Control (VVC)
2. Automatic under/over voltage load shedding
•Equipment ‘Smarts’:
1. Relays for protection of individual power equipment:

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The power grid is one of the Most Complex &
Immense, ‘7 x 24 must run”, engineering
machines in existence today!
Today’s grid is already Smart!
Our challenge is to make tomorrow’s grid even
Smarter!

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Current Challenges
Retiring
Workforce
Cyber-Security
IT Architecture
& Services
New Equipment
PMU, FACTS, HVDC,
New Storage
System Scalability
From energy clusters to
large Interconnected
grids
System Dynamics
Operating near to true
real time llimits
Business Model
Change
New regulations
Efficiency
DER, DG, Microgrids
Demand Response
Sustainability
Renewables
& CO2-free energy

26. Operator Displays from a
Modern EMS

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Dynamic Dashboard:
Current area of interest

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Contour: area Voltage
Query: station voltages
Flyout: SCADA 1-lines
Power flow animation
Integrated SCADA & GIS Displays

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Voltage Stability
Locations & Controls

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Where are the VAR sources?

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The New SCADA Frontier
SCADA Data - Today Phasor Data (PMU) - Tomorrow
Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 samples/sec
Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal latency
‘Older’ legacy communication
Compatible with modern
communication technology
Responds to quasi-static behavior Responds to system dynamic behavior
Frequency change means:
Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance
somewhere in the grid
Angle-pair change means:
Sudden MW change in a
specific location of the grid
X-ray MRI
Courtesy EIPP, NASPI

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The New SCADA Frontier
SCADA Data - Today Phasor Data (PMU) - Tomorrow
Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 samples/sec
Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal latency
‘Older’ legacy communication
Compatible with modern
communication technology
Responds to quasi-static behavior Responds to system dynamic behavior
Frequency change means:
Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance
somewhere in the grid
Angle-pair change means:
Sudden MW change in a
specific location of the grid
X-ray MRI
Courtesy EIPP, NASPI
Earlier
Information
for Better
Decisions

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Today’s Grid Monitoring landscape is Changing
Real-time grid measurements will be 50-60 to 100-120 times faster!
“An Unprecedented Transformational Change”.
“MRI quality visibility of power systems compared to X-ray quality
visibility of SCADA”. Terry Boston, CEO of PJM

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PMU’s Costs are declining..
Ten Years Ago
• Dedicated PMU devices
• Device cost: $25k to $30k
• Installation cost: $100k
Today
• Multi-functional devices
(relays, fault recorders)
• Device cost: $2k firmware
upgrades and GPS clocks
• Installation cost: Minimal
Title or Job Number | XX

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Control Center - PDC
NewApplications
OtherEMSApplications
SCADA & Alarms WAMS Alarms
State Estimator State Measurement
Small Signal Stability Oscillation Monitoring
Transient & Voltage Stability Stability Monitoring & Control
Island Management
Island Detection, Resync, &
Blackstart
EMS
MODEL-BASED
Analysis
PhasorPoint
PMU
MEASUREMENT-
BASED Analysis
Control Room Operations
The Next Generation Energy Management System!
Transitioning from traditional “steady-state” view to enhanced “dynamic” situational awareness.

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Tomorrow’s Smarter Automation will include:
Fast local and wide-area automated control!
Develop protective schemes
that dynamically adapt to current power system
conditions,
to preserve the integrity of the “grid” as an entity.
Integrate fast sub-second measurements with fast
sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc)
Dispatch the transmission system with FACTS,
HVDC, etc

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Real-time IT & Communication In the Cloud
Smart Grid : A Three-Level Architecture
The Traditional Electrical Grid
New Capabilities, New Technologies & New Equipment
The Future Smarter Grid :
Adding intelligence to the traditional energy grid