This document discusses grey blight, a fungal disease that affects several horticultural crops. It is caused by species of the fungus genus Pestalotiopsis. The document provides details on the disease's symptoms, pathogen characteristics, epidemiology and management in mango, tea, and coconut crops. Heavy infection occurs during monsoon season at 20-25°C with high humidity. Management involves removing infected plant parts, spraying fungicides like copper oxychloride or mancozeb, and maintaining balanced nutrition.
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
Punjab and M.P.The exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood but the pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Prasad, Mehta & Lal), Rhizoctonia spp. (Taub.) and various pathogens are reported by different workers may be the incitant of the disease.
Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
Punjab and M.P.The exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood but the pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Prasad, Mehta & Lal), Rhizoctonia spp. (Taub.) and various pathogens are reported by different workers may be the incitant of the disease.
Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Panama disease
Moko disease
Tip over or Heart rot
Sigatoka disease
Cigar end Rot
Anthracnose
Freckle or Black Spot
Banana bunchy top
Infectious chlorosis
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Preservation of drying typically involves storing dried food or materials in a way that prevents moisture from re-entering and spoiling them. Here are some general tips:
Airtight Containers: Store dried items like food, herbs, or seeds in airtight containers to prevent moisture and air from getting in. Mason jars or vacuum-sealed bags work well.
Cool, Dark Place: Keep the containers in a cool, dark place to avoid exposure to heat and light, which can degrade the quality of the dried items.
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Labeling: Clearly label containers with the date of drying and the contents to help with organization and tracking freshness.
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Humidity Control: If you live in a humid environment, consider using moisture-absorbing products or a dehumidifier in the storage area.
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Defau
Different disease of mango
Diseases like Anthracnose,powdery mildew and malformations
Severe diseases
Very dangerous
Their management
Physica cultural biological chemical methods
Insect pest
Their control
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1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
Grey Blight in Horticultural crops
Student Course teacher
K. Harish Dr. Parthasarathy. S
2015021045 Asst. Professor., (Plant Pathology)
2. Grey blight
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Xylariomycetidae
Order: Xylariales
Family: Sporocadaceae
Genus: Pestalotiopsis
Species : P. theae, P. mangifera
4. Occurrence
• World : Asia, Africa, Australia and South Pacific
areas.
• India : Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra
pradesh.
Hosts: Mango.
5. Economic Importance
• The results showed that mango was 100% prevalent
in the study area.
• Incidence and severity varied across farmer’s field
and market places.
• The disease incidence under farmer’s fields ranged
from 41-72.1% on leaf and from 36.2-74% on fruit
6. Symptoms
• Brown spots develop on the margin and at the tip of the leaf
lamina.
• They increase in size and become dark brown.
• Black dots appear on the spots which are acervuli of the
fungus.
• Survive on mango leaves for over a year. Spreads through
wind borne conidia.
• Heavy infectionis noticed during the monsoon when the
temperature is 20-25˚C and high humidity
8. Pathogen Character:
• Acervuli seen as minute black dots on affected
portion. Mycelium is colored and septate.
• Conidia five celled middle three cells are colored and
the end cells are hyaline Slender 3-5 appendages are
produced at the apex of the spore.
9. Mode of survival and spread
• Survive on mango leaves for over a year. Spreads
through wind borne conidia.
10. Favourable conditions
• Heavy infection is noticed during the monsoon
when the temperature is 20-25˚C and high
humidity.
11. Management
• Remove and destroy infected plant parts.
• Spraying copper oxychloride 0.25 Mancozeb 0.25%
or Bordeaux mixture 1.0%.
13. Economic Importance
• Higher inci-dences and more severe damage by gray blight were found in
Japanese tea variety Yabukita than the Korean local variety.
• In Yabukita, Pestalotiopsis longiseta was more frequently observed on the
diseased leaves than P. theae but vice versa in the Korean local variety.
• This indicates that there was the varietal difference in the distribution of
fungal species of gray blight pathogens.
• Both varieties were most severely damaged during the third harvest period
with weather conditions of high temperature and humidity favorable to the
disease.
14. PATHOGEN CHARACTER
• Acervuli seen as minute black dots on affected
portion. Mycelium is colored and septate.
• Conidia five celled middle three cells are
colored and the end cells are hyaline Slender
3-5 appendages are produced at the apex of the
spore.
15. Life cycle
• The tiny, black spots on the lesions contain the
fungal spores.
• Rain splash transports the spores from one
plant or site of infection to another.
• If the spores land on a leaf, they germinate to
start a new leaf spot or a latent infection.
16. Symptoms
• Small, oval, pale yellow-green spots first appear on
young leaves.
• Often the spots are surrounded by a narrow, yellow
zone.
• As the spots grow and turn brown or gray, concentric
rings with scattered, tiny black dots become visible
and eventually the dried tissue falls, leading to
defoliation.
• Leaves of any age can be affected.
22. Occurrence
• World : Asia, Africa, Australia and South Pacific
areas.
• India : Tamil nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and AP.
Hosts: Coconut
23. Pathogen Character
• Pestalotiopsis palmarum is the causative agent of
a fungal disease of bananas, coconut and Date palms.
• The fungus causes leaf spots, petiole/ rachis blights
and sometimes bud rot of palms.
• Unlike other leaf spot and blight diseases and also
diseases, Pestalotiopsis palmarun attacks all parts of
the leaf from the base to the tip.
• Whereas most diseases only infect the leaf blade or
the leaf petiole.
24. Symptoms
• The initial symptom appears as yellowish brown
spots with grey brown margins, usually they are
oval in shape and measures approximately 1-5 cm
long.
• As the disease advances the spots coalesce to
form larger irregular necrotic patches with greyish
white center.
• The symptoms are noticed in leaflets of the outer
whorl and give a blighted appearance.
• In advanced stages the tips and margins of the leaf
lets dry and shrivel giving a burnt appearance.
26. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• The disease is noticed in farms with poor
nutritional status. Deficiency of potassium and
excess of nitrogenous fertilizers favour the
disease incidence
27. Mode of survival and spread
• Primary spread and secondary spread through
conidia from infected plants
28. Favourable conditions
• Heavy infection is noticed during the monsoon
when the temperature is 20-25˚C and high
humidity.
29. Management
• Balanced nutrient management.
• Remove the severely affected older leaves and
burn.
• Spray the trees with Bordeaux mixture 1% or
propiconazole (Tilt) 0.3%.
• Regular application of potassium chloride was
reported to reduce the disease incidence.
