DIseases of small Cardamom

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
( Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
DISEASES OF SMALL
CARDAMOM
SUBMITTED BY COURSE TEACHER
M. UTHAYAKUMAR Dr. PARTHASARATHY. S
2015021134 Asst. Prof. PLANT PATHOLOGY

2. 1. CHENTHAL DISEASE
Also called as Leaf blight of cardamom
Anamorph (Asexual stage)
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Teleomorph (Sexual stage)
Glomerella cingulata

3. DISTRIBUTION
• Leaf blight of cardamom, popularly known as
Chenthal was first reported from Vandenmedu
village of Idukki district in Kerala.
• The disease is widely distributed in all the
cardamom growing regions of South India.

4. • The disease mainly affects foliage and by
destroying the effective photosynthetic area, it
adversely affects fruit set and capsule weight.
• Chenthal results in a yield reduction of 7-13%
in Mysore type of cardamom.

5. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
• Kingdom : Fungi
• Division : Ascomycota
• Class : Sordariomycetes
• Order : Glomerellales
• Family : Glomerellaceae
• Genus : Colletotrichum
• Species : C. gloeosporioides

6. SYMPTOMS
• Elongated, water soaked lesions of varying size appear on
the upper surface of the leaf.
• The spots becomes brown to dark with pale yellow hole.
Leaves wither and pseudo stem wilts.
• New shoots which develop are reduced in size. Flowers fail
to develop.
• The inflorescence dry up starting from tip downwards. The
affected garden shows burnt appearance.

7. https://www.apsnet.org

8. PATHOGEN CHARACTER
• It produce acervuli which is rounded or
irregular in shape.
• Conidiophore – simple, septate.
• Conidia – cylindrical,
non septate with oil globules.

9. MODE OF SPREAD
• Primary spread :
Through ascospores from dried fallen
leaves.
• Secondary spread : Wind borne conidia.

10. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
• Continuous rain fall.
• High relative humidity.
• The disease which appears during mid- monsoon,
becomes severe during late monsoon periods.

11. MANAGEMENT
Chemical methods:
Spray the crop with carbendazim (0.1%) or
carbendazim (0.05%) + mancozeb (0.02%) at
10 – 14 days interval.

12. Biological control:
Apply biocontrol agents like Bacillus subtilis and
Trichoderma viride.
Biopesticide:
Spray extracts of Artemisia vulgaris and Schima
wallichi choisy.

13. 2. AZHUKAL DISEASE
• Also called as Capsule Rot
• Causal organism
Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae

14. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Domain : Eukaryota
Kingdom : Chromista
Phylum : Oomycota
Class : Oomycetes
Order : Peronosporales
Family : Peronosporaceae
Genus : Phytophthora
Species : Phytophthora nicotianae

15. SYMPTOMS
• Large irregular water soaked dirty black lesions
appear on mature leaves.
• The leaves shred and get attached to the pseudostem
• Greyish patch of irregular brownish margin seen on
the base of the leaf sheath.
• The basal portion of the pseudostem breaks.

16. • Small light brown lesions develop on the
tender fruits which fall prematurely.
• Blackish discolouration on the fruit wall.
• The tips of the inflorescence rot.

17. http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/

18. PATHOGEN CHARACTER
• Intercellular mycelium.
• Zoospores are reniform, biflagellate, oogonia
are spherical, antheredia is amphigynous and
often curved.
• Oospores are spherical with smooth wall.

19. MODE OF SPREAD
• Primary spread : Soil borne oospores
• Secondary spread: Water borne pathogen

20. MANAGEMENT
• Removal and burning of infected plants.
• Avoid moving of rhizomes from diseased areas
to healthy area for planting.
• Provide proper drainage.
• Three sprays with Bordeaux mixture 1% in
May, June, July.
• Soil drench with Bordeaux mixture 1% (or)
Copper oxychloride 0.25%.

21. 3. DAMPING OFF
• Also called as Rhizome rot, Clump rot.
• Causal Organism: Pythium vexans

22. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Domain : Eukaryota
Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum : Oomycota
Class : Oomycetes
Order : Pythiales
Family : Pythiaceae
Genus : Pythium
Species : Pythium vexans

23. SYMPTOMS
• Pale yellow young foliage.
• Rotting of rhizomes.
• Shoots become very brittle and later collapse.

24. PATHOGEN CHARACTER
• Inter and Intra cellular mycelium.
• Zoospores are reniform, biflagellate, oogonia
are spherical, antheredia is often curved.
• Oospores are spherical with smooth wall.

25. MODE OF SPREAD
• Primary spread : Soil borne oospores
• Secondary spread: Water borne zoospores

26. MANAGEMENT
• Destruction of diseased clumps.
• Providing proper drainage.
• Changing the nursery site.
• Drenching the nursery beds with Copper
oxychloride 0.25% or Bordeaux mixture 0.5%,
before 15 days of sowing.
• Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture 1%

27. 4. CARDAMOM MOSAIC
• Also called as katte disease of cardamom
• Causal organism:
Cardamom mosaic virus (RNA virus)

28. SYMPTOMS
• Chlorosis of young leaves – parallel streaks of pale green
tissues running along the veins from midrib to the
margins.
• Leaf sheath also shows stitch stripes.
• In advanced stage the whole plant shows mosaic
symptom.
• Rhizome shrivels and plants dies. If young clumps are
attached they die before flowering.

29. MODE OF SPREAD
• Primary spread: Infected rhizome
• Secondary spread:
Aphid – Pentalonia nigronervosa

30. MANAGEMENT
• Collection and removal of infected clumps
along with rhizomes and burning.
• Raising of nursery in diseases free areas.
• Spray with Dimethoate (or) Methyl Dematon
(or) Phosphomidon to kill the vector.

31. REFERENCES
• D.Alice, C.Jeyalakshmi, Plant Pathology, third
edition, A.E Publication, Coimbatore.
• R.S.Singh, Plant Diseases, Oxford and IBM
Publishing Co. Pvt. ltd. 9th edition, New Delhi.