Green chemistry is defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. It aims to prevent pollution at the molecular level through 12 principles developed by Dr. Paul Anastas, including preventing waste, designing safer chemicals and reaction conditions, and using renewable feedstocks. Adopting green chemistry leads to benefits like cleaner air and water, increased safety, and higher reaction yields while reducing impacts on the environment and human health. It has applications in various industries to provide innovative and sustainable solutions.

2. INTRODUCTION
🞭 Science based on research towards the
development of new sustainable processes
🞭 DEFINITION
🞭 Defined as the invention, design and
application of chemical products and
processes to reduce or to eliminate the use
and generation of hazardous substances

3. SIGNIFICANCE
🞭 Major tool in accomplishing
Pollution prevention
🞭 Leads to reduction in waste
🞭 Reduced use of energy and other perishable
resources
🞭 Carrying out chemical activities leading to safer
products

4. PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY
🞭 Term coined by Dr. Paul
Anastas known as the “Father
of Green Chemistry”
🞭 He defined it as the utilization of a set of
principles that reduces or eliminates the
use or generation of hazardous
substances in the design, manufacture
and application of chemical products

5. 12 PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY
1. Prevent waste
2. Atom Economy
3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis
4. Designing Safer Chemicals
5. Use safer Solvents /reaction conditions
6. Increase Energy Efficiency.
7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks
8. Reduce chemical derivatives
9. Use catalysts
10. Design for Degradation
11. Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention.
12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident
Prevention

6. 1. PREVENT WASTE
🞭 Design processes which minimize waste
🞭 Better to prevent waste than to clean and treat it
2. ATOM ECONOMY
🞭Design synthesis so that the final product
contains the maximum proportion of the starting
materials.Waste few or no atoms.
🞭 Atom economy =Mass of atoms in desired product x
100
🞭 Concept developed by Barry Frost

7. 3. LESS HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS:
 Design synthesis so that the final product
contains the maximum proportion of
starting materials.Waste few or no items.
 EX:thalidomide was used for lessening the
effects of nausea and vomiting during
pregnancy.
The children born to women taking the
drug suffered birth defects (including
missing or deformed limbs).
 So thalidomine was banned.
4.DESIGNED SAFER CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS:
 Design chemical products that are fully effective yet have
little or no toxicity.

8. 5. USE SAFER SOLVENTS/REACTION CONDITIONS:
 Avoid using solvents,seperation agents,or other auxillary
chemicals.If you must use these chemicals,use safer ones.
6. INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
 Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and e
conomic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should b
e conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

9. 7. USE OF RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS:
 A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than
depleting whenever technically and economically practical.
8. REDUCE CHEMICAL DERIVATIVES:
 Unnecessary derivatisation (blocking group, protection/ de-
protection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be
avoided whenever possible.
 Reduces atom economy.

10. 9. USE CATALYSTS:
 Minimize waste by catalytic reactions.Catalysts are effective in small amount and
can carry out single reactions many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric
reagents,which are used in excess and carry out a reaction only once.
10. DESIGN FOR DEGRADATION:
 Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their functi
on they do not persist in the environment and instead break down into d
egradation products.
EX:DDT,biodegradable polymers.
11. REAL-
TIME ANALYSIS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION:
 Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time in-
process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
 Real time analysis for a chemist is the process of “checking the progress of
chemical reactions as it happens.”

11. 12. INHERENTLY SAFER CHEMISTRY FOR
ACCIDENT PREVENTION:
 Substance and the form of a substance used in a chemical
process should be chosen so as to minimize the
potential for chemical accidents, including releases, e
xplossion, and fires.
 Eg: Bhopal gas tragedy.

12. ADVANTAGES:
Cleaner air: Less release of hazardous chemicals to air.
Cleaner water: Less release of hazardous chemicals
to water.
Increase safety of workers in chemical industries as
there is less use of toxic materials.
Plants and animals suffer less from toxic chemicals
in environment.
Higher yields for chemical reactions, consuming smaller
amount of feedstock to obtain same amount of product.
Lower potential for global warming, ozone depletion,
and smog formation.
Less chemical disruption of ecosystems.

13. APPLICATIONS:
 Green chemistry is also known as sustainable chemistry.
 It is used to design of chemical products and procedures that reduce
generation of hazardous chemical substances.
 Green chemistry applies diagonally the life cycle of a chemical
product, including its manufacture, use, design, and ultimately disposal.
 Green chemistry is very helpful in prevention of pollution at the
molecular level, it gives innovative scientific solutions, it reduces the
negative impacts of chemical products on human and the environment
health.
 Green chemistry play important role in pharmaceutical in developing
innovatory drug delivery methods which are less toxic and more useful,
effective with minimum side effects and could help millions of patients.

14. THANK YOU