This document defines green chemistry as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. It discusses the 12 principles of green chemistry, which include preventing pollution, designing safer chemicals and renewable feedstocks, and developing catalytic processes. The history and examples provided illustrate how green chemistry approaches can create environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional chemicals and processes.

1. Sonika
Msc Chemistry
21001552057

2. INTRODUCTION
 Green chemsitry, also called sustainable chemistry.
 Defined as the practice of chemical science and manufacturing in a manner that is
sustainable , safe and non-polluting and that consumes minimum amounts of
materials and energy while producing little or no waste material.
 Production , processing , use , and eventual disposal of chemical products may
cause harm when performed incorrectly.

3.  Philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of
products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous
substances to humans , animals plants and the environment , seeks to reduce and
prevent pollution at its source .
 Encourages the use of economical and ecocompatible techniques that not only
improve the yield but also bring down the cost of disposable of wastes at the end
of a chemical process.

4.  Increasing profits and promoting innovation while protecting human health and
the environment.
 Applies to organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry , biochemistry , analytical
chemistry and even in physical chemistry focus on industrial applications.

5. HISTORY
 Concept-Trevor Kletz 1978
chemists should seek alternative processes to those involving more dangerous
substances and conditions.
 Green Chemistry- Paul Anastas 1991 is also known as father of green
chemistry.

6. 12 Principles
 Pollution prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is
formed.
 Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of
all materials used in the process into the final product.

7.  Designing Safer chemicals
Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy to the function while
reducing toxicity.
Organotin compounds are chronically toxic to marine life can enter food chain. They
are bioaccumulative.
 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances ( solvents , separation agents , etc. ) should be
made unnecessary whenever possible and , when used , innocuous.

8.  Design for Energy Efficiency
Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic
impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at
ambient temperature and pressure.
 Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever
technically and economically practical.

9.  Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis
Whenever practicable , synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and
generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the
environment.
New polycarbamate synthesis is based on the
substitution of toxic carbonyl chloride with carbon dioxide.

10.  Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization ( blocking group , protection/deprotection , temporary
modification of physical/chemical processes ) should be avoided.
 Design for Degradation
Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do
not persist in the environment and instead break down into innocuous degradation
products.
 Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are
superior to stoichiometricreagents.

11.  Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention
Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time in-
process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be
chosen as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases ,
explosions and fires.

12. Example
 Green Paints
Proctor and gamble is synthesizing
a paint made of soya oil and sugar
to replace the regular paints. It will not
produce the toxic fumes and is safer to use.
 Green Carpets
Recyclable

13. Conclusion
 Prevention of waste
 Less accidents
 Reduction of waste
 Time consuming

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2. Clark J., Chem. Br., 1998 , 34:43
3. Anastas P., Eghbali N Chem. Soc. Rev., 39:301
4. Anastas P.T., Warner J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and
practice, 1998 , p 29-56
5. Matlack , A. Introduction to green chemistry . CRC press,
2010 ,
6. Sheldon R.A. Green Chem , 2010 , 9:1273
References