This document provides definitions and explanations of linguistic terminology related to phonetics, parts of speech, and grammar. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds, and distinguishes between vowels, which are made with vocal chords, and consonants. It also defines other key terms like syllable, noun, number, person, pronoun, preposition, and adjective. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts in linguistics.

2. #1 #1

3. #1#1

4. #1#1

5. #1#1

6. #2a

7. #2a

8. #2a

9. #2a

10. #2b

11. #2b

12. #2b

13. #2b

14. #3

15. #3

16. #3

17. #3

62. Phonetics

63. Phonetics
This is the study of speech sounds.

64. Phonetics
This is the study of speech sounds.
Not sound in general. (That’s acoustics.)
Not speech in general. (That’s linguistics.)
But specifically the sounds of human speech.

65. Vowel

66. Vowel
This is a speech-sound made
with the vocal chords.

67. Vowel
This is a speech-sound made
with the vocal chords.
Note that a vowel ≠ letter.
Vowels are sounds.

68. Consonant

69. Consonant
These are the other speech-sounds.

70. Consonant
These are the other speech-sounds.
Like [p], [b], [f], [v], [k], [g], [t], [d], [þ], [ð], [x], [γ],
[l], [r], [m], [n], [s], [z], [š], [ž], [β] and so forth.

72. Voiced
Consonant

73. Voiced
Consonant
Consonant that includes
vocal chord vibration.

74. Voiced
Consonant
Consonant that includes
vocal chord vibration.
Such as [b], [v], [g], [d], [ð], [γ], [z], [ž], and so forth.

75. Unvoiced
Consonant

76. Unvoiced
Consonant
Consonant that does not
vocal chord vibration.

77. Unvoiced
Consonant
Consonant that does not
vocal chord vibration.
Such as [p], [f], [k], [t], [þ], [x], [s], [š], and so forth.

78. Syllable

79. Syllable
One vowel sound,
with accompanying consonant(s) (if any).

80. Syllable
One vowel sound,
with accompanying consonant(s) (if any).
antidisestablishmentarianism:
an / ti / dis / e / stab / lish /
men / tä / ri / an / is / m

81. Noun

82. Noun
Word for a person, place or thing.
(NB nomen also means “name.”)

83. Noun
Word for a person, place or thing.
(NB nomen also means “name.”)
sky, earth, ocean, justice

84. Number

85. Number
Singular or Plural.
(Some languages also have other categories.)

86. Number
Singular or Plural.
(Some languages also have other categories.)
dog / dogs
man / men
she / they

87. Person

88. Person
1: the speaker(s),
2: the addressee(s), or
3: other(s)

89. Person
1: the speaker(s),
2: the addressee(s), or
3: other(s)
1: me/us
2: you/y’all
3: him/her/it/them

90. Pronoun

91. Pronoun
Word that stands in for a noun.

92. Pronoun
Word that stands in for a noun.
— —

93. Preposition

94. Preposition
A word attached to a noun or pronoun
to show its relation
to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).

95. Preposition
A word attached to a noun or pronoun
to show its relation
to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).
to, for, with, against, around, from, between,
beneath, among, through, atop, before, athwart

96. Personal
Pronoun

97. Personal
Pronoun
— —

98. Personal
Pronoun
— —
1: I, me; we, us
2: thou, thee; you
3: he, him, she, her, it; they, them

99. Relative
Pronoun

100. Relative
Pronoun
A pronoun that “picks up”
a noun already mentioned.

101. Relative
Pronoun
A pronoun that “picks up”
a noun already mentioned.
The man who sold the world.
She’s the woman that I love.

102. Interrogative
Pronoun

103. Interrogative
Pronoun
A question-pronoun.

104. Interrogative
Pronoun
A question-pronoun.
Tell me, who do you love?
What are those shapes?

105. Adjective

106. Adjective
A word for modifying a noun.

107. Adjective
A word for modifying a noun.
red, beautiful, difficult, independent, short