Capituli Tertii Scæna Prima : Objecta Directa.
Now the endings are getting really, really important!
What's the difference between "Marcus pulsat Quintum" and "Marcum pulsat Quintus"?
With all of the hitting, it seemed like a good time to add some loving. _Amámus_ means "we love." (Sometimes in class we use _vidémus_ "we see".)
For practice on the accusative ad nauseam, see here: http://www.slideshare.net/Saxonides/llpsi-cap-3-de-casu-accusativo-quis-quem-pulsat
Who made who? Who made you?
Not much new here except the masculine singular personal pronouns _is_ (nom.) and _ejus_ (gen.).
But make sure you've got not only those, down, but everything else!
If you haven't got these forms at your fingertips, you'll be crippled, while if you do have them, you'll know what's going on, will be able to understand and also to express yourself, and you'll get pleasure, enjoyment and satisfaction from the undertaking.
LLPSI, Lectio 3.2: Casus Accusativus (Singulariter) una cum Pronominibus Pers...Magister Saxonides
The addition here in Scæna Secunda is the personal pronouns (pronómina personália). We'll get more of these and have already seen some interrogative pronouns.
Note that everything is in the active voice! Later we'll get to "they are hit by him", but for now it's "he hits them."
Note also that we haven't had anything to indicate any past tense. Think of all of this as taking place "live" and in the present.
And keep repeating, because «Repetíta juvant!»
More genitive forms, now in the plural.
We often talk about the genitive as expressing "possession" or "ownership", and that's okay as a matter of convenience, but "belonging" would be better.
Consider the famous lines, "I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the lilies." The singer is not saying "my lover owns me and I own him," or that either is the other's property, but "each of us belongs to the other."
Likewise, David can be the father *of* Solomon at the same time that Solomon is the son *of* David.
And even when there _is_ a question of property: Sosia is the master *of* Amphitryo at the same time that Amphitryo is the master *of* Sosia.
(Please note that a big number of slaves is many slaves, and vice versa!)
The same three words as before, but with their forms now indicating a different function.
Before, using the nominative case, we just said "this IS an island/river/town." Now with the genitive we're saying "so-and-so is this master OF the island/river/town."
* Note that there's no Latin word here for "of". That idea of "belonging" is all in the ending!
Note also that our book doesn't introduce genitive forms for words of the "oppidum" type, but this is a convenient place for us to do so.
The three men we've picked here to be "domini" are the poets Ovid, Horace and Virgil (of which the greatest is Ovid).
For more on the genitive, see here:
http://www.slideshare.net/Saxonides/plural-nominative-and-genitive-singular-latin-english
and here:
http://www.slideshare.net/Saxonides/llpsi-cap-2-exercitium-de-casu-genetivo-aliud
LLPSI, Lectio 1.2: Casus Nominativus (Singulariter & Pluraliter)Magister Saxonides
A review of Lectio 1.1, plus the new forms.
So far, easy-peasy. These all work the same as vertebra/vertebrae, nucleus/nuclei, bacterium/bacteria.
Please note again that these are still all subjects. When we get these same words, and many others like them, playing different *roles* in their sentences (direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, et cetera) the *forms* of these words will be different!
We did the Nominative ("he/she/they"), Genitive ("his/hers/theirs") and Objective ("him/her/them") cases in English. Latin is arranged just a little bit differently, but here Latin _Casus Nominativus_ and English Nominative Case are the same!
The three kinds of nouns we'll be dealing with for the first several chapters. Each represents a "type" of noun. And many other nouns will follow the same patterns as these three.
You'll see all three here "in the singular" (singuláriter) and one of them "in the plural" (pluráliter).
You'll notice that each of them is the SUBJECT of its sentence. This is very important, and the *form* that you see each word in also conveys its *function* in the sentence.
The word _pulchra/pulcher/pulchri/pulchrum_ means "beautiful".
Going through this, why do you think I had you learn English words like _stimulus_ and _nucleus_?
Capituli Tertii Scæna Prima : Objecta Directa.
Now the endings are getting really, really important!
What's the difference between "Marcus pulsat Quintum" and "Marcum pulsat Quintus"?
With all of the hitting, it seemed like a good time to add some loving. _Amámus_ means "we love." (Sometimes in class we use _vidémus_ "we see".)
For practice on the accusative ad nauseam, see here: http://www.slideshare.net/Saxonides/llpsi-cap-3-de-casu-accusativo-quis-quem-pulsat
Who made who? Who made you?
Not much new here except the masculine singular personal pronouns _is_ (nom.) and _ejus_ (gen.).
But make sure you've got not only those, down, but everything else!
If you haven't got these forms at your fingertips, you'll be crippled, while if you do have them, you'll know what's going on, will be able to understand and also to express yourself, and you'll get pleasure, enjoyment and satisfaction from the undertaking.
LLPSI, Lectio 3.2: Casus Accusativus (Singulariter) una cum Pronominibus Pers...Magister Saxonides
The addition here in Scæna Secunda is the personal pronouns (pronómina personália). We'll get more of these and have already seen some interrogative pronouns.
Note that everything is in the active voice! Later we'll get to "they are hit by him", but for now it's "he hits them."
Note also that we haven't had anything to indicate any past tense. Think of all of this as taking place "live" and in the present.
And keep repeating, because «Repetíta juvant!»
More genitive forms, now in the plural.
We often talk about the genitive as expressing "possession" or "ownership", and that's okay as a matter of convenience, but "belonging" would be better.
Consider the famous lines, "I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the lilies." The singer is not saying "my lover owns me and I own him," or that either is the other's property, but "each of us belongs to the other."
Likewise, David can be the father *of* Solomon at the same time that Solomon is the son *of* David.
And even when there _is_ a question of property: Sosia is the master *of* Amphitryo at the same time that Amphitryo is the master *of* Sosia.
(Please note that a big number of slaves is many slaves, and vice versa!)
The same three words as before, but with their forms now indicating a different function.
Before, using the nominative case, we just said "this IS an island/river/town." Now with the genitive we're saying "so-and-so is this master OF the island/river/town."
* Note that there's no Latin word here for "of". That idea of "belonging" is all in the ending!
Note also that our book doesn't introduce genitive forms for words of the "oppidum" type, but this is a convenient place for us to do so.
The three men we've picked here to be "domini" are the poets Ovid, Horace and Virgil (of which the greatest is Ovid).
For more on the genitive, see here:
http://www.slideshare.net/Saxonides/plural-nominative-and-genitive-singular-latin-english
and here:
http://www.slideshare.net/Saxonides/llpsi-cap-2-exercitium-de-casu-genetivo-aliud
LLPSI, Lectio 1.2: Casus Nominativus (Singulariter & Pluraliter)Magister Saxonides
A review of Lectio 1.1, plus the new forms.
So far, easy-peasy. These all work the same as vertebra/vertebrae, nucleus/nuclei, bacterium/bacteria.
Please note again that these are still all subjects. When we get these same words, and many others like them, playing different *roles* in their sentences (direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, et cetera) the *forms* of these words will be different!
We did the Nominative ("he/she/they"), Genitive ("his/hers/theirs") and Objective ("him/her/them") cases in English. Latin is arranged just a little bit differently, but here Latin _Casus Nominativus_ and English Nominative Case are the same!
The three kinds of nouns we'll be dealing with for the first several chapters. Each represents a "type" of noun. And many other nouns will follow the same patterns as these three.
You'll see all three here "in the singular" (singuláriter) and one of them "in the plural" (pluráliter).
You'll notice that each of them is the SUBJECT of its sentence. This is very important, and the *form* that you see each word in also conveys its *function* in the sentence.
The word _pulchra/pulcher/pulchri/pulchrum_ means "beautiful".
Going through this, why do you think I had you learn English words like _stimulus_ and _nucleus_?
Exercitatio de præpositionibus in capitulis quinto et sexto.
Præpositiones nonnullæ atque casus quibus junguntur.
(Erratum typographicum jam correctum'st.)
LLPSI Cap. 3, De Pronominibus Interrogativis RelativisqueMagister Saxonides
Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata
Capitulum Tertium: Pronomina Interrogativa et Relativa
(sermone anglico tractata exemplisque latinis illustrata).
- - - -
Discussion in English of Latin Interrogative and Relative Pronouns.
Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata. Capitulum Tertium.
Tractatus Brevis et Exercitationes de Objectis Directis et de Casu Accusativo.
Discussion in English and exercises in Latin.
(Word order isn't the most natural Latin one in every slide; on the contrary, I've purposely mixed it up a bit, in order to emphasize the morphology (the forms/endings). Note also that "quis est?" means (as you know) "who is?" There's a slightly different way to say "which one is it?", but we haven't had that, so "quis est?" is fine for now.)
At the end of Latin II in 2013-14's Spring Semester, I had my students answer a questionnaire about what they found most (and least) useful in the class, what we should do more (and what less) of in future courses, and what advice they had both for me and for you.
They spent quite a bit of time with it and gave some thoughtful answers. We looked at this at the beginning of this semester, but I'm posting it here so you can see it again. (Repetita juvant!)
De Casu Nominativo Pluraliter et de Genetivo Singulariter (Latine atque Anglice)Magister Saxonides
Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata : Capitulum Secundum.
De Casibus Nominativo (pluraliter) et Genetivo (singulariter), exemplis illustrata e sermonibus ambobus (latino anglicoque).
- - -
Discussion in English, with English & Latin examples, of the singular genitive and plural nominative.
This document discusses how the English word "dog" can have different meanings based on context even though it is pronounced the same. It notes that while "dogs" is plural and "dog's" is possessive, they are pronounced the same as "dog". Latin also uses cases like the genitive case to distinguish meanings based on context rather than pronunciation alone. The examples to follow will show how Latin uses the same pattern as English to distinguish meanings of words with the same sounds but different contexts.
Grammar: oratio recta, oratio obliqua, adverbium.
Latin phrases (law and medicine): alibi, modus operandi, in loco parentis, pro bono (publico), de facto, post mortem , rigor mortis, statim, locum tenens.
Grand review of all the Latin phrases.
Grammar: modus indicatívus, modus subjunctívus, modus imperatívus, modus infinitívus.
Latin phrases (theater and religion): drámatis personae, alter ego, exit / exeunt, in medias res, ex nihilo, anno domini, bona fide, in memoriam.
Grammar: modus indicatívus, modus subjunctívus, modus imperatívus, modus infinitívus.
Latin Phrases (scholarship): passim, NB, viz., scil., in re, magna cum laude, non sequitur, erratum.
This document provides definitions and explanations of linguistic terminology related to phonetics, parts of speech, and grammar. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds, and distinguishes between vowels, which are made with vocal chords, and consonants. It also defines other key terms like syllable, noun, number, person, pronoun, preposition, and adjective. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts in linguistics.
Map & Grammar, 1st Day of Grammar Boot Camp.
Four Types of English Nouns: vertebra, nucleus, bacterium, hypothesis.
Three Linguistic Terms: phonética, vocális, consonans.
Five Major Countries: Britannia, Gallia, Germania, Hispania, Italia.
Exercitatio de præpositionibus in capitulis quinto et sexto.
Præpositiones nonnullæ atque casus quibus junguntur.
(Erratum typographicum jam correctum'st.)
LLPSI Cap. 3, De Pronominibus Interrogativis RelativisqueMagister Saxonides
Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata
Capitulum Tertium: Pronomina Interrogativa et Relativa
(sermone anglico tractata exemplisque latinis illustrata).
- - - -
Discussion in English of Latin Interrogative and Relative Pronouns.
Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata. Capitulum Tertium.
Tractatus Brevis et Exercitationes de Objectis Directis et de Casu Accusativo.
Discussion in English and exercises in Latin.
(Word order isn't the most natural Latin one in every slide; on the contrary, I've purposely mixed it up a bit, in order to emphasize the morphology (the forms/endings). Note also that "quis est?" means (as you know) "who is?" There's a slightly different way to say "which one is it?", but we haven't had that, so "quis est?" is fine for now.)
At the end of Latin II in 2013-14's Spring Semester, I had my students answer a questionnaire about what they found most (and least) useful in the class, what we should do more (and what less) of in future courses, and what advice they had both for me and for you.
They spent quite a bit of time with it and gave some thoughtful answers. We looked at this at the beginning of this semester, but I'm posting it here so you can see it again. (Repetita juvant!)
De Casu Nominativo Pluraliter et de Genetivo Singulariter (Latine atque Anglice)Magister Saxonides
Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata : Capitulum Secundum.
De Casibus Nominativo (pluraliter) et Genetivo (singulariter), exemplis illustrata e sermonibus ambobus (latino anglicoque).
- - -
Discussion in English, with English & Latin examples, of the singular genitive and plural nominative.
This document discusses how the English word "dog" can have different meanings based on context even though it is pronounced the same. It notes that while "dogs" is plural and "dog's" is possessive, they are pronounced the same as "dog". Latin also uses cases like the genitive case to distinguish meanings based on context rather than pronunciation alone. The examples to follow will show how Latin uses the same pattern as English to distinguish meanings of words with the same sounds but different contexts.
Grammar: oratio recta, oratio obliqua, adverbium.
Latin phrases (law and medicine): alibi, modus operandi, in loco parentis, pro bono (publico), de facto, post mortem , rigor mortis, statim, locum tenens.
Grand review of all the Latin phrases.
Grammar: modus indicatívus, modus subjunctívus, modus imperatívus, modus infinitívus.
Latin phrases (theater and religion): drámatis personae, alter ego, exit / exeunt, in medias res, ex nihilo, anno domini, bona fide, in memoriam.
Grammar: modus indicatívus, modus subjunctívus, modus imperatívus, modus infinitívus.
Latin Phrases (scholarship): passim, NB, viz., scil., in re, magna cum laude, non sequitur, erratum.
This document provides definitions and explanations of linguistic terminology related to phonetics, parts of speech, and grammar. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds, and distinguishes between vowels, which are made with vocal chords, and consonants. It also defines other key terms like syllable, noun, number, person, pronoun, preposition, and adjective. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts in linguistics.
Map & Grammar, 1st Day of Grammar Boot Camp.
Four Types of English Nouns: vertebra, nucleus, bacterium, hypothesis.
Three Linguistic Terms: phonética, vocális, consonans.
Five Major Countries: Britannia, Gallia, Germania, Hispania, Italia.