This document provides a summary of key grammar points in Spanish. It includes sections on the uses of por and para, possessive adjectives and pronouns, commands using usted and ustedes, the present subjunctive, verbs of will and influence, verbs expressing emotion, expressions of doubt and denial, and conjunctions used with the subjunctive. The table of contents lists 9 topics that are then further explained in the following sections in 1-3 sentences each.

1. Grammar Book
SPH3
Tito Head

2. Table of Contents
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Por
Para
Possessive adjectives and Pronouns
Usted and Ustedes commands
Present Subjuctive
Verbs of Will and Influence
Verbs of Emotion
Doubt, disbelief, and denial
Conjuctions

3. Por
-Por is used in several idiomatic expressions
-When giving an exact time, de is used instead
of por before la manana, la tarde, de la noche.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Motion or general location
Duration of an action
Object of a search
Means by which something is done
Exchange or substitution
Unit of measure.

4. Para
Often, either por or para can be used in a sentence, the meaning of the
sentence changes depending on which one is used.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Destination (toward, in the direction of)
Deadline or a specific time in the future(by,for)
Purpose or goal
Purpose
The recipient of something
Comparisons or opinions
employment

5. Possessive adjectives and pronouns
Short Form
Mi(s)
Nuestro(a/os/as)
Tu(s)
Vuestro(a/os/as)
Su(s)
Unstressed
Su(s)
Long Form
Singular
Mio(a)
Nuestro(a)
Plural
Mios(as) Nuestros(as)
Tu(s)
Vuestro(a)
Tuyos(as)
Suyo(a)
Suyo(a)
Suyos(as)
Vuestros(as)

6. Usted and Ustedes commands
Affrimative:
Tú- simply drop the ‘s’
DOP + IOP + ‘se’ can
Los singulares- di, haz, ve,
attach to an amfirmative
pon, sal, sé, tan, ven
Negative:
DOP + IOP + ‘se’ must
Tú- put it in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel, add an ‘s’ go before the negative
command
Los singulares- TVDISHES
Nosotros:
Ud./uds.- put it in ‘yo’ form and change the opposite vowel
Los irregulares- TVDISHES
Ud./Uds.- same as above
Los irregulares- TVDISHES

7. Present subjunctive
Los modos
Dishes:
Dar
Ir
Ser
Hacer
Estar
saber

8. Aconsejar- to
advise
Importar- to
be important;
to matter
Sugerir(e-ie)to suggest
Rogar(o-ue)to beg, to
plead
Verbs of
will and
influence
Recomendar(e-ie)- to
recommend
Insistir(en)to insist(on)
Mandar- to
order
Prohibir- to
prohibit

9. Verbs of Emotion
Alegrarse (de)
To be happy
Esperar
To hope, to wish
Sentir(e-ie)
To be sorry, to regret
Sorprender
To surprise
Temer
To be afraid, to fear
Es triste
It’s sad
Ojála (que)
I hope (that); I wish (that)

10. doubt, disbelief, and denial
Dudar
• To doubt
Negar (e-ie)
• To deny
Es imposible
• It’s impossible
Es improbable
• It’s improbable
No es cierto
• It’s not true; it’s noy certain
No es seguro
• It’s not certain
No es verdad
• It’s not true

11. Conjunctions with the subjunctive
• Are words or phrases that connect clauses in
sentences.
• How; why; when; where
A menos que
Antes (de) que
Con tal (de) quede
en caso (de) que
para que
sin que