This document provides a table of contents that summarizes key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including: preterite vs imperfect, future vs conditional, uses of por and para, commands, present perfects, double object pronouns, adverbs, subjunctive, se impersonal, and progressive tenses using ir, andar, and seguir. It outlines the forms and uses of these concepts concisely for quick reference.

1. Table of Contents
Preterite vs. Imperfect
Future vs. Conditional
Por
Para
Commands
Present Perfects
Double Object Pronouns
Adverbs
Subjunctive
Se Impersonal
Progressive w/ ir, andar, seguir

5. Conditional
(would, should, could)
-ía -íamos
Infinitive + -ías -íais
-ía -ían

6. Por
Motion or a general location
Duration of an action
Reason or motive for an action
Object of a search
Means by which something is done
Exchange or substitution
Unit of measure

7. Para
Destination
Deadline or a specific time in the future
Purpose or goal+ (infinitive)
Purpose + (noun)
Recipient of something
Recipient of something
Comparison with others or an opinion
In the employ of

8. Commands
Tu (+): Ud. form of the verb, drop the ‘s’
Tu (-): Yo form of the verb, opposite vowel + ‘s’
Ud. (+ -): Yo form of verb, opposite vowel
Uds. (+ -): Uds. form of verb, opposite vowel
Nosotros (+ -): Nosotros form of verb, opp.
vowel

9. Present Perfect
Is formed by combining the auxiliary verb has or
have with the past participle
Haber
+
He
Has Verb + indo/ ando
Ha
Hemos
Han

10. Double Object Pronouns
When a verb consists of itself, and two other
pronouns.
You eat it: Cometelo
You don’t eat it: No te lo come

11. Adverbs
Adding -mente to a word, such as adding –ly in
english.
Equalmente = Equally

12. Subjunctive
Use subjunctive when expressing…
Wish, want
Emotion
Doubt (no creer, no pensar)
Denial
Impersonal Expression
Negation, noon-existing
God (ojala)/ guess
Opposite vowel, Yo form same as Ud. form

13. Impersonal se
The impersonal se is used as a subject pronoun
in a sentence when referring to an unknown
person or when using an imagery person for
an example.

14. Progressive w/ ir, andar, seguir
Ir + present participle = slowly but surely
________ing
Andar + present participle = is going around
________ing
Seguir + present participle = is still _______ing