The document provides an overview of English grammar, outlining the 8 parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Key details include defining nouns as people, places, things, or ideas, verbs as action or linking words, adjectives as descriptive words, and prepositions showing relationships between words.

1. GRAMMAR
From
The Magic Lens by
Michael Clay Thompson

2. Grammar is a way of THINKING
about language.

3. 4 Levels of Grammar:
Parts of speech
Parts of a sentence
Phrases
Clauses

4. The 8 Parts of
Speech

5. Noun Verb
Pronoun
Adjective Adverb
Preposition Conjunction
Interjection

6. Noun

7. A noun is a person,
place, thing, or idea.
place— Rolling Meadows, stadium, beach
thing—ball, water, sand
idea—happiness, love, freedom

8. Take the place
Pronoun of nouns.
It, its
He, him, his
She, her, hers
They, them, theirs

9. This, that, these, those
Myself, yourself, himself,
ourselves
Who, whose, whom,
which, that

10. Verb

11. Action & Linking Verbs
Action verbs—indicates something
that can be done or performed
(“what you do”)
run, jump, skip, scream, swim
State of being (Linking Verbs) links
the subject to another word
He is cute. He is tall. He
is in the room.
He=cute; he=tall; he=in
the room

12. More linking verbs…
To be
Am, is, are, was, were, be,
been, being
Seems
Feels
Appears

13. linking verb or action
verb?
Bob ran.
Action! He is moving his
feet!
Bob seems fast.
Linking! Bob=fast.
Connects the adjective to
the noun it describes

14. linking verb or action
verb?
Betty is pretty.
Linking! Betty=pretty.
Links adjective pretty to
Betty.
Betty answered the
phone.
Action! She physically picked
up her phone.

15. Helping Verbs
Help the main verb in a sentence by
extending the meaning of the verb
Forms of Be Forms of Do Forms of
Have
am do have
Is
are does has
was
were did had
be, being,
been

16. More Helping Verbs

17. Describes a noun or
pronoun.
Adjective
Which one? this, that
What kind? red, large, sick
How many? six, four hundred
How much? None, little

18. Articles are Adjectives
a
an
the

19. Adjectives in Action
She saw a cute boy at the
football game.
He had dark hair and blue
eyes.

20. Describes a verb,
Adverb an adjective, or
another adverb.

21. Where? Here, there, outside
When? Now, then, later, yesterday
How? Quickly, slowly, stupidly
How often? Never, twice, sometimes
How long? Hardly, greatly, very
How much? More, less Adverbs

22. Adverbs in Action
He called yesterday.
(yesterday tells when
he called—modifies
verb)

23. She sang quite loudly.
(loudly tells how she
sang—modifies verb)
(quite tells how loudly
—modifies adverb)

24. The very cute boy e-mailed
her.
(very tells how cute—
modifies adjective)

25. Conjunctions
Link together
words, phrases,
and clauses.

26. Coordinating Conjunctions:
(co=together) (con=together) (junct=join)
and
but
or, nor, for
so
yet

27. Coordinating Conjunctions:
F--for
A--and
N--nor
B--but
O--or
Y--yet
S--so

28. Subordinating Conjunctions:
(sub=under) (con=together) (junct=join)
if
as
since
when
because

29. Subordinating Conjunctions:
A--as
B--before
B--because
I --if, If only
S--since
A--after
W--while
A--although
W--when, Whenever
U--unless
W--whether
U--until

30. Subordinating Conjunctions:

31. Shows the
Preposition relationship
between its object
and another word
in the sentence.
Don’t end a sentence
with a preposition.

32. Prepositions
Show time, space, or direction
Time : before, during after
Space: in, on, beside, around,
among
Direction: to, from, toward

33. Prepositions never stand
alone. They are before their
object (a noun).
He ran over the hill.
Over=preposition hill=its
object ( a noun)
Over the hill=prepositional phrase

34. Prepositions:
About Before Concerning
Above Behind
Across Below Down
After Beneath During
Along Besides
Amid Between Except
Among Beyond
Around But For
at by from

35. In Through With
Into Throughout Within In back of
To Without In case of
Of Toward
In front of
Off
Apart from In place of
On Under As for In spite of
Over Underneath As well as Inside of
Until Aside from
Past Unto Because of
Up By means of
since upon Contrary to

36. Instead of
Out of
Together with
Up at
Up to
With regard to

37. A little word that
Interjection expresses a
feeling, calls
attention, says
yes or no, or
indicates a
pause.
Wow! Gee! Yep! Hey! Well, Ah!