This document provides a summary of key Spanish 2 grammar concepts including: 1. The uses of ser and estar to describe different characteristics such as descriptions, relationships, occupations, etc. 2. How to use estar to discuss emotions, health, and location as well as present conditions. 3. How to form and use present participles, verbs like gustar, hacer expressions, preterite tense forms, stem-changing verbs, irregular commands, se impersonal, past participles as adjectives, the future tense, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, the imperfect tense, formal and informal commands, modal verbs, reflexive verbs, and the difference between saber and conocer.

1. Spanish 2 grammar concepts Olivia vega

2. Table of Contents

3. Ser D - description O - origin Ser - to be C - characteristics T - time O - occupation R - relationship P – possession E - event D - date

4. Estar H - health Estar - to be E - emotions L - location P – present condition I Present Participles N Ar: ando Er/Ir: iendo or yendo G

5. Verbs like Gustar Me – gusta, gustan (gustar) Te – falta, faltan (faltar) Le – duele, duelen (doler) Nos – fascina, fascinan (fascinar) Les – molesta, molestan (molestar)

6. Hacer Expressions Conjugated Verb Hace Time Que Present Tense – since and for Preterito Tense - ago

7. Preterito A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending. E I Aste Iste O y O Io Amos Imos Aron Ieron Estoes el preterito

8. Car, Gar, Zar gar car zar

9. Spock Verbs D a r V e r S e r I r Hacer

10. Cucaracha Verbs Andar- aduv Estar- estuv Poder- pud Poner- pus Querer- quis Saber- sup Tener- tuv Venir- vin Conducir- conduj Producir- produj Traducir- traduj Decir- dij Traer- traj -e -iste -o -imos -isteis -ieron

11. DOPS and IOPS lo, la, los, & las

12. Irregular Commands T - tener V - venir Tenga Venga De Diga Vaya Sea Haga Este Sepa D – dar, decir Irregular Commands I - ir S - ser H - hacer E - estar S - saber

13. Snakes y Snakeys YoNosotros DormiDormimos TuVosotros DormisteDormisteis Usted, ella, el Ustedes, ellas, ellos DurmioDurmieron Lei leimoscreicreimosoioimos Leisteleisteiscreistecreisteisoisteoisteis Leyoleyeroncreyocreyeronoyooyeron Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change I to y in 3d person

14. Se Impersonal Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person. 3. Se can be used in all tenses. 1. Se hizo mucho. 2. Sehará mucho.

15. Past Participles as Adjective La puerta está cerrada.Thedoorisclosed. Las puertas están cerradas.Thedoors are closed. El restaurante está abierto.The restaurant is open. Los restaurantes están abiertos.The restaurants are open.

17. Demonstrative Pronouns

18. Imperfect Tense

19. MandatosFormales

20. MandatosInformales

21. Modal Verbs

23. attached to the infinitive

24. attached to the present participle

25. attached to an affirmative commandReflexive Pronouns

26. Saber vs. Conocer