The Grameen Bank was founded in 1983 in Bangladesh and provides small loans called microcredit to the poor, especially women. It pioneered a group lending model where 5 individuals form a group and members support each other to repay loans on time. This model has allowed the bank to lend without collateral to those considered high risk. Today, Grameen Bank has over 7 million borrowers and its success in reducing poverty has been documented in many studies.
Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh that provides small loans known as microcredit to impoverished individuals without requiring collateral. It was founded in 1976 and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. Grameen Bank focuses on making loans to poor families, especially women, to help them engage in income-generating activities and lift themselves out of poverty. It pioneered the group lending model where borrowers join groups and can receive sequential loans upon repaying previous ones. Grameen Bank has achieved repayment rates over 95% and has helped over 50 million Bangladeshis rise above the poverty line.
The document outlines the history and development of microcredit programs through Grameen Bank, which provides loans to the poor in Bangladesh. It discusses how Grameen Bank pioneered the use of social collateral and group lending. Over time, it has improved its business model, processes, and expanded its offerings to include additional services and companies to support the poor across various industries. Today, Grameen Bank has over 8 million borrowers, most of whom are women, and has helped many rise out of poverty through access to credit and other services.
The Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh that provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit primarily to impoverished women in rural Bangladesh. It was founded in 1976 by economist Muhammad Yunus and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. The bank pioneered the concept of microcredit and group lending, where borrowers form solidarity groups and use peer pressure to ensure repayment. It has been highly successful with over 97% repayment rates and has inspired similar programs in over 40 other countries.
The story behind the first concerted effort to make financing accessible to the world’s poorest is the stuff of folklore. Befitting the goal of poverty alleviation, the setting for this early experiment was a time of great tragedy in Bangladesh, one of the poorest countries in the world. A small country in the Indian subcontinent with a population of 130 million, a gross national product (GNP) per capita of about $300 and a literacy rate of only 38 percent for those over 15 years of age, 1 Bangladesh experienced drought and famine in 1974 that killed 1.5 million people (Macfarlane 2002). Having recently completed studies as a Fulbright scholar in the United States, Professor Mohammad Yunus was lecturing on economic theory at Chittagong University and growing increasingly frustrated at his inability to ease his neighbours’ suffering.
Grameen Bank was founded in 1983 by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh to provide small loans known as microcredit to poor entrepreneurs without requiring collateral. It started as a research project in 1976 and has since grown to provide loans to over 8 million borrowers, 98% of whom are women. The bank pioneered group lending and uses peer pressure among borrowers to encourage high repayment rates, which have typically exceeded 90%. Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their work to promote economic and social development.
Grameen Banking provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit to impoverished individuals, especially women, in rural Bangladesh. The bank was founded in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. It utilizes group lending and peer pressure through "joint liability groups" to achieve repayment rates over 99%. The bank has made over $4.7 billion in loans, inspiring similar models in over 40 countries. It has received several awards including the Nobel Peace Prize for its success in reducing poverty. Critics argue it can trap borrowers in debt and impose social rules, but the bank denies forcing views on clients.
The document provides background information on Grameen Bank, a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh. It was founded in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus and provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit primarily to impoverished women in rural Bangladesh, with the goal of helping the poor lift themselves out of poverty through entrepreneurship and financial independence. Key aspects of Grameen Bank discussed include its objectives, operations, lending strategies like group lending and the Sixteen Decisions principles, impact and achievements over time.
Muhhamed Yunus is the first Nobel Prize winner from Bangladesh. He is the founder of Grameen Bank in 1976 and started microfinancing by giving out small loans to 42 women in a village in Bangladesh. This allowed them to become self-employed entrepreneurs. Yunus pioneered the concept of microcredit to help the poor engage in self-employment opportunities. Microfinancing provides small capital loans, savings, insurance and other basic financial services to low-income households to help them run businesses and stabilize consumption.
Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh that provides small loans known as microcredit to impoverished individuals without requiring collateral. It was founded in 1976 and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. Grameen Bank focuses on making loans to poor families, especially women, to help them engage in income-generating activities and lift themselves out of poverty. It pioneered the group lending model where borrowers join groups and can receive sequential loans upon repaying previous ones. Grameen Bank has achieved repayment rates over 95% and has helped over 50 million Bangladeshis rise above the poverty line.
The document outlines the history and development of microcredit programs through Grameen Bank, which provides loans to the poor in Bangladesh. It discusses how Grameen Bank pioneered the use of social collateral and group lending. Over time, it has improved its business model, processes, and expanded its offerings to include additional services and companies to support the poor across various industries. Today, Grameen Bank has over 8 million borrowers, most of whom are women, and has helped many rise out of poverty through access to credit and other services.
The Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh that provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit primarily to impoverished women in rural Bangladesh. It was founded in 1976 by economist Muhammad Yunus and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. The bank pioneered the concept of microcredit and group lending, where borrowers form solidarity groups and use peer pressure to ensure repayment. It has been highly successful with over 97% repayment rates and has inspired similar programs in over 40 other countries.
The story behind the first concerted effort to make financing accessible to the world’s poorest is the stuff of folklore. Befitting the goal of poverty alleviation, the setting for this early experiment was a time of great tragedy in Bangladesh, one of the poorest countries in the world. A small country in the Indian subcontinent with a population of 130 million, a gross national product (GNP) per capita of about $300 and a literacy rate of only 38 percent for those over 15 years of age, 1 Bangladesh experienced drought and famine in 1974 that killed 1.5 million people (Macfarlane 2002). Having recently completed studies as a Fulbright scholar in the United States, Professor Mohammad Yunus was lecturing on economic theory at Chittagong University and growing increasingly frustrated at his inability to ease his neighbours’ suffering.
Grameen Bank was founded in 1983 by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh to provide small loans known as microcredit to poor entrepreneurs without requiring collateral. It started as a research project in 1976 and has since grown to provide loans to over 8 million borrowers, 98% of whom are women. The bank pioneered group lending and uses peer pressure among borrowers to encourage high repayment rates, which have typically exceeded 90%. Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their work to promote economic and social development.
Grameen Banking provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit to impoverished individuals, especially women, in rural Bangladesh. The bank was founded in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. It utilizes group lending and peer pressure through "joint liability groups" to achieve repayment rates over 99%. The bank has made over $4.7 billion in loans, inspiring similar models in over 40 countries. It has received several awards including the Nobel Peace Prize for its success in reducing poverty. Critics argue it can trap borrowers in debt and impose social rules, but the bank denies forcing views on clients.
The document provides background information on Grameen Bank, a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh. It was founded in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus and provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit primarily to impoverished women in rural Bangladesh, with the goal of helping the poor lift themselves out of poverty through entrepreneurship and financial independence. Key aspects of Grameen Bank discussed include its objectives, operations, lending strategies like group lending and the Sixteen Decisions principles, impact and achievements over time.
Muhhamed Yunus is the first Nobel Prize winner from Bangladesh. He is the founder of Grameen Bank in 1976 and started microfinancing by giving out small loans to 42 women in a village in Bangladesh. This allowed them to become self-employed entrepreneurs. Yunus pioneered the concept of microcredit to help the poor engage in self-employment opportunities. Microfinancing provides small capital loans, savings, insurance and other basic financial services to low-income households to help them run businesses and stabilize consumption.
Grameen Bank | Marketing of Financial ServicesKashyap Shah
This presentation talks about marketing strategies implemented by Grameen Bank to promote financial services in Rural Areas. It also includes the SWOT analysis of such services from Indian perspective.
Entrepreneurial power and Socio-Economic policies shown by Mr. Yunus. His step to change the cycle of poverty is extremely successful. A micro-created system changed the way lending for poor.
The document provides an overview of microcredit and Grameen Banks. It discusses how Grameen Banks were founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus to provide small loans to poor individuals without collateral. Key differences between Grameen Banks and conventional banks are that the former focuses on providing services to rural poor women and does not require collateral. The objectives of Grameen Banks are to help the poor establish self-employment opportunities and exit poverty.
Grameen Bank was established in 1983 to provide small loans to rural poor in Bangladesh, mainly women, for income generating activities. It has grown significantly and as of 2005 had lent over $5 billion to 5 million borrowers with a 99% repayment rate. Rural development is crucial for Bangladesh as over 50% of GDP comes from rural areas where most people live. Grameen Bank aims to develop rural areas through providing credit and other services to alleviate poverty and raise living standards. It has expanded to offer various other programs and services beyond microcredit to further support rural development.
1) The Grameen Bank was founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus and provides microloans to impoverished individuals, especially women.
2) It uses a group lending model where borrowers must belong to groups of five and are not required to provide collateral for loans.
3) Over time it has grown significantly and as of 2007 had over 7 million borrowers, most of whom are women, and a loan recovery rate of over 98%.
The document summarizes how microcredit works through programs like Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It began as a small experiment providing loans to poor women which allowed them to start small businesses. This provides income and dignity. Grameen Bank uses a peer lending model where women borrowers form groups and act as collateral for each other. The profits from businesses funded by these loans help improve families' lives. However, some critics argue microcredit risks trapping people in cycles of debt if not implemented sustainably. Exporting the Grameen Bank model has also proven difficult for various regulatory and economic reasons.
Dr. Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide microloans to the poor, especially women. He believed that small loans could help lift people out of poverty by enabling self-employment. The bank has grown significantly and now has over 8 million borrowers, most of whom are women. It provides banking services to rural villages and helps create opportunities for investment and income generation among impoverished communities. Dr. Yunus received several honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
This document discusses a debate on microcredit from Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It provides background on how microcredit started in 1983 with 27 women and discusses debated issues around interest rates, impact, women's empowerment, education, group procedures, and poverty reduction. The objectives are to analyze interest rates, impacts, and membership processes. It notes Grameen Bank is one of the largest NGOs in Bangladesh and limitations include time, cost, and sample size constraints. It also discusses literature reviews, research design, analysis of living standards, and findings that microcredit has a positive relationship with life standards while some issues around membership processes and interest calculations require improvement.
Grameen Bank Project was born in the village of Jobra, Bangladesh, in 1976. In 1983 it was transformed into a formal bank under a special law passed for its creation. It is owned by the poor borrowers of the bank who are mostly women. It works exclusively for them. Borrowers of Grameen Bank at present own 94 per cent of the total equity of the bank. Remaining 6 percent is owned by the government.
Role of Grameen Bank In Poverty alleviationMuhammad Ali
The Grameen Bank was founded in 1976 in Bangladesh to provide microloans to the rural poor, especially women. It pioneered a group lending model where borrowers form groups and act as collateral for each other to obtain loans without traditional collateral requirements. Key aspects include peer pressure for repayment, information sharing between group members, and mutual insurance against risks. Over 30 years, Grameen Bank has grown to serve over 6 million members and spawned other microfinance programs. Its success in reducing poverty through microcredit earned its founder Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize.
The document summarizes information about the Grameen Bank and microcredit/microfinance. It discusses how Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor, especially women. The bank's objectives are to extend banking services to the poor without collateral. It operates using a group lending model with 16 decisions members must follow. Progress is monitored using 10 indicators of moving out of poverty. The document also briefly discusses poverty and microfinance initiatives in the Philippines.
The document provides details about Grameen Bank, a microfinance organization and community development bank founded in Bangladesh that makes small loans known as microcredit to impoverished people without requiring collateral. It discusses how Muhammad Yunus started providing small loans in 1976 which led to the founding of Grameen Bank in 1983. As of 2012, Grameen Bank had over 8 million borrowers, mostly women, across Bangladesh and had distributed over $12 billion in loans with a repayment rate of 96%. In 2006, Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in reducing poverty.
Grameen Bank was founded in 1976 in Bangladesh by Muhammad Yunus to provide microloans to the poor without requiring collateral. It has over 2,400 branches serving over 7 million borrowers, mostly women in rural areas. Loans are provided in groups to encourage peer support and accountability. The bank's loans and services have helped many families in Bangladesh escape poverty.
Social Entrepreneur - Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen BankJoshua Tsu
Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide banking services to rural areas and combat poverty. The bank makes small loans called "microcredit" to the poor, especially women, with no collateral required. This allows people to start small businesses and earn more income. Over time, the bank has expanded to reach over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has launched innovative programs like village phones and factory loans to help borrowers increase their earnings. The Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their work to alleviate poverty.
The document discusses microcredit and microfinance programs that provide small loans and financial services to poor people. It specifically focuses on the Grameen Bank model founded by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh. Key aspects of the Grameen Bank model include providing collateral-free loans in small groups, with a focus on empowering poor women through financial inclusion and entrepreneurship opportunities. The bank has experienced significant growth and success in alleviating poverty through its sustainable lending practices and social programs.
The document provides an overview and background of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It discusses how Grameen Bank was founded by Muhammad Yunus in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor without requiring collateral. The bank loans money primarily to women and has over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has a very high repayment rate of over 97%. The document also outlines the objectives and methodology of a study analyzing borrower satisfaction with Grameen Bank's loan settlement procedures.
- Grameen Bank was founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus to provide small, collateral-free loans known as "microcredit" to impoverished individuals, especially women.
- Using a group lending model where borrowers belong to five-member solidarity groups, Grameen Bank pioneered microcredit to promote self-employment and poverty alleviation among Bangladesh's poor.
- In 2006, Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to create economic and social development through providing microcredit. Grameen Bank now has over 7 million borrowers, mostly women.
Microcredit is a system that provides small loans to poor individuals without collateral to start self-employment projects. Muhammad Yunus pioneered microcredit by providing small loans to 42 poor women in Bangladesh in 1976. This led to the founding of Grameen Bank in 1983, which has since loaned over $6 billion to over 7 million people, mostly women. Microcredit works by providing loans in small group through community support and accountability. It has significantly reduced poverty by generating income and empowering the poor, especially women. However, some critiques argue it can increase debt cycles and over-dependence on loans.
Microfinance Forum 2008 (2.Applicability Of Mf To The World)Living in Peace
2008年11月28日に世界銀行東京ラーニングセンターで行われたマイクロファイナンス・フォーラムの資料です。
2.Applicability Of Mf To The World
世界におけるマイクロファイナンスの適用可能性-グラミンモデルの複製事業からの学びについて
Abul Kalam氏 (グラミン銀行 シニアプリンシパルオフィサー)
※Living in Peace(リビング・イン・ピース)について
本フォーラムの主催団体であるLiving in
Peaceは、経済開発に関心のある金融機関関係者を中心に2008年10月に設立されました。その他にも公務員、国際機関関係者、学生などがメンバーになっており、2009年4月にNPO法人格を取得いたしました。また現在、ミュージックセキュリティーズと提携してマイクロファイナンス・ファンドの組成準備中です。(HP:http://www.living-in-peace.org/
旧Blog;http://d.hatena.ne.jp/microfinance/)
The Grameen Bank was founded in Bangladesh in 1983 by Muhammad Yunus with the aim of providing small loans called "microcredit" to the poor, especially women. It pioneered a group lending model where borrowers form solidarity groups and co-guarantee each other's loans to obtain credit without collateral. Studies show microcredit has significantly reduced poverty levels in Bangladesh and helped borrower households insure against economic shocks by smoothing consumption. The bank has grown to provide services to millions of poor clients and its success has led many other microcredit programs to adopt similar models worldwide.
This document summarizes an abstract and introduction about a study on the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It provides the following key details:
- Grameen Bank is a large NGO in Bangladesh that provides microcredit to poor women through small business loans. This allows women to generate income through small enterprises.
- The study aims to investigate the changes in livelihood status of women beneficiaries of Grameen Bank loans.
- Grameen Bank has reversed conventional banking by providing loans without collateral to the poorest populations. It aims to fight poverty by providing credit and catalyzing socioeconomic development for the poor.
Grameen Bank | Marketing of Financial ServicesKashyap Shah
This presentation talks about marketing strategies implemented by Grameen Bank to promote financial services in Rural Areas. It also includes the SWOT analysis of such services from Indian perspective.
Entrepreneurial power and Socio-Economic policies shown by Mr. Yunus. His step to change the cycle of poverty is extremely successful. A micro-created system changed the way lending for poor.
The document provides an overview of microcredit and Grameen Banks. It discusses how Grameen Banks were founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus to provide small loans to poor individuals without collateral. Key differences between Grameen Banks and conventional banks are that the former focuses on providing services to rural poor women and does not require collateral. The objectives of Grameen Banks are to help the poor establish self-employment opportunities and exit poverty.
Grameen Bank was established in 1983 to provide small loans to rural poor in Bangladesh, mainly women, for income generating activities. It has grown significantly and as of 2005 had lent over $5 billion to 5 million borrowers with a 99% repayment rate. Rural development is crucial for Bangladesh as over 50% of GDP comes from rural areas where most people live. Grameen Bank aims to develop rural areas through providing credit and other services to alleviate poverty and raise living standards. It has expanded to offer various other programs and services beyond microcredit to further support rural development.
1) The Grameen Bank was founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus and provides microloans to impoverished individuals, especially women.
2) It uses a group lending model where borrowers must belong to groups of five and are not required to provide collateral for loans.
3) Over time it has grown significantly and as of 2007 had over 7 million borrowers, most of whom are women, and a loan recovery rate of over 98%.
The document summarizes how microcredit works through programs like Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It began as a small experiment providing loans to poor women which allowed them to start small businesses. This provides income and dignity. Grameen Bank uses a peer lending model where women borrowers form groups and act as collateral for each other. The profits from businesses funded by these loans help improve families' lives. However, some critics argue microcredit risks trapping people in cycles of debt if not implemented sustainably. Exporting the Grameen Bank model has also proven difficult for various regulatory and economic reasons.
Dr. Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide microloans to the poor, especially women. He believed that small loans could help lift people out of poverty by enabling self-employment. The bank has grown significantly and now has over 8 million borrowers, most of whom are women. It provides banking services to rural villages and helps create opportunities for investment and income generation among impoverished communities. Dr. Yunus received several honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
This document discusses a debate on microcredit from Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It provides background on how microcredit started in 1983 with 27 women and discusses debated issues around interest rates, impact, women's empowerment, education, group procedures, and poverty reduction. The objectives are to analyze interest rates, impacts, and membership processes. It notes Grameen Bank is one of the largest NGOs in Bangladesh and limitations include time, cost, and sample size constraints. It also discusses literature reviews, research design, analysis of living standards, and findings that microcredit has a positive relationship with life standards while some issues around membership processes and interest calculations require improvement.
Grameen Bank Project was born in the village of Jobra, Bangladesh, in 1976. In 1983 it was transformed into a formal bank under a special law passed for its creation. It is owned by the poor borrowers of the bank who are mostly women. It works exclusively for them. Borrowers of Grameen Bank at present own 94 per cent of the total equity of the bank. Remaining 6 percent is owned by the government.
Role of Grameen Bank In Poverty alleviationMuhammad Ali
The Grameen Bank was founded in 1976 in Bangladesh to provide microloans to the rural poor, especially women. It pioneered a group lending model where borrowers form groups and act as collateral for each other to obtain loans without traditional collateral requirements. Key aspects include peer pressure for repayment, information sharing between group members, and mutual insurance against risks. Over 30 years, Grameen Bank has grown to serve over 6 million members and spawned other microfinance programs. Its success in reducing poverty through microcredit earned its founder Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize.
The document summarizes information about the Grameen Bank and microcredit/microfinance. It discusses how Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor, especially women. The bank's objectives are to extend banking services to the poor without collateral. It operates using a group lending model with 16 decisions members must follow. Progress is monitored using 10 indicators of moving out of poverty. The document also briefly discusses poverty and microfinance initiatives in the Philippines.
The document provides details about Grameen Bank, a microfinance organization and community development bank founded in Bangladesh that makes small loans known as microcredit to impoverished people without requiring collateral. It discusses how Muhammad Yunus started providing small loans in 1976 which led to the founding of Grameen Bank in 1983. As of 2012, Grameen Bank had over 8 million borrowers, mostly women, across Bangladesh and had distributed over $12 billion in loans with a repayment rate of 96%. In 2006, Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in reducing poverty.
Grameen Bank was founded in 1976 in Bangladesh by Muhammad Yunus to provide microloans to the poor without requiring collateral. It has over 2,400 branches serving over 7 million borrowers, mostly women in rural areas. Loans are provided in groups to encourage peer support and accountability. The bank's loans and services have helped many families in Bangladesh escape poverty.
Social Entrepreneur - Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen BankJoshua Tsu
Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide banking services to rural areas and combat poverty. The bank makes small loans called "microcredit" to the poor, especially women, with no collateral required. This allows people to start small businesses and earn more income. Over time, the bank has expanded to reach over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has launched innovative programs like village phones and factory loans to help borrowers increase their earnings. The Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their work to alleviate poverty.
The document discusses microcredit and microfinance programs that provide small loans and financial services to poor people. It specifically focuses on the Grameen Bank model founded by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh. Key aspects of the Grameen Bank model include providing collateral-free loans in small groups, with a focus on empowering poor women through financial inclusion and entrepreneurship opportunities. The bank has experienced significant growth and success in alleviating poverty through its sustainable lending practices and social programs.
The document provides an overview and background of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It discusses how Grameen Bank was founded by Muhammad Yunus in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor without requiring collateral. The bank loans money primarily to women and has over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has a very high repayment rate of over 97%. The document also outlines the objectives and methodology of a study analyzing borrower satisfaction with Grameen Bank's loan settlement procedures.
- Grameen Bank was founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus to provide small, collateral-free loans known as "microcredit" to impoverished individuals, especially women.
- Using a group lending model where borrowers belong to five-member solidarity groups, Grameen Bank pioneered microcredit to promote self-employment and poverty alleviation among Bangladesh's poor.
- In 2006, Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to create economic and social development through providing microcredit. Grameen Bank now has over 7 million borrowers, mostly women.
Microcredit is a system that provides small loans to poor individuals without collateral to start self-employment projects. Muhammad Yunus pioneered microcredit by providing small loans to 42 poor women in Bangladesh in 1976. This led to the founding of Grameen Bank in 1983, which has since loaned over $6 billion to over 7 million people, mostly women. Microcredit works by providing loans in small group through community support and accountability. It has significantly reduced poverty by generating income and empowering the poor, especially women. However, some critiques argue it can increase debt cycles and over-dependence on loans.
Microfinance Forum 2008 (2.Applicability Of Mf To The World)Living in Peace
2008年11月28日に世界銀行東京ラーニングセンターで行われたマイクロファイナンス・フォーラムの資料です。
2.Applicability Of Mf To The World
世界におけるマイクロファイナンスの適用可能性-グラミンモデルの複製事業からの学びについて
Abul Kalam氏 (グラミン銀行 シニアプリンシパルオフィサー)
※Living in Peace(リビング・イン・ピース)について
本フォーラムの主催団体であるLiving in
Peaceは、経済開発に関心のある金融機関関係者を中心に2008年10月に設立されました。その他にも公務員、国際機関関係者、学生などがメンバーになっており、2009年4月にNPO法人格を取得いたしました。また現在、ミュージックセキュリティーズと提携してマイクロファイナンス・ファンドの組成準備中です。(HP:http://www.living-in-peace.org/
旧Blog;http://d.hatena.ne.jp/microfinance/)
The Grameen Bank was founded in Bangladesh in 1983 by Muhammad Yunus with the aim of providing small loans called "microcredit" to the poor, especially women. It pioneered a group lending model where borrowers form solidarity groups and co-guarantee each other's loans to obtain credit without collateral. Studies show microcredit has significantly reduced poverty levels in Bangladesh and helped borrower households insure against economic shocks by smoothing consumption. The bank has grown to provide services to millions of poor clients and its success has led many other microcredit programs to adopt similar models worldwide.
This document summarizes an abstract and introduction about a study on the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It provides the following key details:
- Grameen Bank is a large NGO in Bangladesh that provides microcredit to poor women through small business loans. This allows women to generate income through small enterprises.
- The study aims to investigate the changes in livelihood status of women beneficiaries of Grameen Bank loans.
- Grameen Bank has reversed conventional banking by providing loans without collateral to the poorest populations. It aims to fight poverty by providing credit and catalyzing socioeconomic development for the poor.
This document summarizes the history and experience of the Grameen Bank, a microcredit bank founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus to provide banking services and loans to the rural poor. Some key points:
- Grameen Bank was founded to extend credit to the poor, especially women, who did not have access to traditional banks due to lack of collateral or credit history.
- It pioneered a group lending model where borrowers receive loans through a joint liability group structure to encourage peer support and high repayment rates.
- Over time it expanded its services and by 2008 had over 7 million borrowers, 97% of whom were women. Loan products included housing, education, and microenter
The document discusses the history and impact of microfinance, specifically the Grameen Bank founded by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh. It notes that traditional banks often exclude the poor due to lack of collateral and perceived repayment risk. The Grameen Bank pioneered an innovative group lending model where loans are provided to groups of borrowers who are jointly liable for repayment, incentivizing monitoring and reducing costs. This model has enabled over 5 million poor Bangladeshis, especially women, to access credit and engage in entrepreneurship. The success of the Grameen Bank in alleviating poverty demonstrates that traditional perceptions of lending to the poor may be outdated.
This document discusses empowering women through self-help groups and the role of distance education. It begins by outlining the concept and models of self-help groups as instruments of economic empowerment. It then discusses the progress of the SHG bank linkage model in India, noting that over 717,000 SHGs have been linked to banks. The document concludes that while microfinancing through SHGs has empowered women economically, lack of education can be a barrier, and governments should link distance education opportunities to SHG membership to further empowerment.
This document discusses the role of commercial banks in microfinance in Pakistan. It notes that while microfinance traditionally served those without access to formal financial services, involving commercial banks could help expand access to millions more. Commercial banks provide a widespread branch network and expertise in financial services that could better reach the microfinance market. While commercial bank rates may be higher, the costs of serving many small, rural customers justify this. The document also outlines the regulatory framework for microfinance in Pakistan and the State Bank of Pakistan's efforts to develop the industry.
Micro-Finance in Global Prespectives.pptxBijoyDas79
**Micro-Finance in Global Perspectives**
Microfinance, with its roots dating back centuries and its modern evolution driven by pioneers like Dr. Muhammad Yunus, represents a powerful force in global finance. Its historical journey encompasses early community-oriented pawnshops, 19th-century cooperative lending banks in Europe, and the birth of "modern microfinance" in rural Bangladesh. Over the years, microfinance has grown into a global movement, attracting substantial foreign investments and involvement from large banking institutions. With a diverse range of financial services, including small loans, savings, and insurance, microfinance aims to promote financial inclusion and empower low-income individuals, particularly women, across the world. Its adaptability, sustainability, and emphasis on entrepreneurship make it a critical tool in the fight against poverty and a key driver of economic development on a global scale. The global microfinance market continues to expand, offering hope and opportunity to millions of people who lack access to traditional banking services.
Microfinance & its impact on women entrepreneurship developShingla Prabha
This document summarizes microfinance and its impact. It discusses how microfinance provides small loans, savings, and insurance to the poor, especially women. This empowers women economically and helps families rise out of poverty. Microfinance has increased household incomes, improved health, education and social outcomes. However, simply providing access to loans is not enough - business training is also needed to help women gain self-confidence and ability to make their own decisions to fully benefit from microfinance opportunities.
Microfinance provides loans, savings, and other financial services to poor individuals. It originated in the 1970s in Bangladesh and combines strengths of formal and informal credit systems. NGOs and organizations like NABARD, RMK, and SIDBI regulate microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and provide funding. MFIs aim to improve lives of poor through financial access and self-employment opportunities. Self-help groups (SHGs) are important for microfinance, allowing members to save, take loans, and start businesses.
Microfinance provides small loans, savings, insurance, and money transfer services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. Muhammad Yunus pioneered microfinance through Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983. Key elements of microfinance include microcredit, microsavings, microinsurance, and remittances. While microfinance provides financial opportunities for the impoverished, some argue it can take advantage through high interest rates and may not improve recipients' incomes.
Microfinance provides small loans and other financial services to poor and low-income individuals who traditionally lack access to banking and related services. The document discusses two main approaches to microfinance - the saving-led approach and the credit-led approach. The saving-led approach emphasizes group savings first before lending internally from pooled savings, while the credit-led approach prioritizes getting external capital to groups in the form of individual loans with set repayment terms. Both aim to provide poor communities with needed credit and help accumulate savings, though they differ in their starting point and governance structures.
The document discusses the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), a national financial inclusion mission launched in India in 2014. It aims to provide universal access to banking services like basic savings accounts, need-based credit, remittances and insurance. The key benefits of accounts under PMJDY include interest on deposits, accidental insurance of Rs. 1 lakh, no minimum balance requirement, life insurance of Rs. 30,000 and easy money transfers. Microfinance is also discussed as a tool to provide financial services like credit, savings and insurance to low-income households for self-employment and poverty alleviation. The evolution, key players and models of microfinance in India are outlined.
This document provides information about women saving schemes in India. It discusses the history and guidelines for self-help groups and microfinance through women saving schemes. It outlines various government schemes to promote women saving schemes such as the Bhartiya Mahila Bank and Corporation Bank's savings scheme for women. An interview with Sangeeta Kamble, the leader of a women saving scheme called Vishwa Shanti Mandal, highlights her journey in founding the group and empowering women through financial inclusion and community support.
Microfinance involves providing small amounts of credit, savings, and insurance services to the poor. The concept originated in the 1970s when Dr. Muhammad Yunus lent money without collateral to groups of poor women in Bangladesh, achieving a 98% repayment rate. Today there are over 7,000 microfinance institutions globally serving 16 million poor households. In India, pioneering microfinance organizations included cooperatives like SEWA Bank. The SHG-Bank linkage model aggregates individual savings and provides loans through self-help groups. While microfinance has increased incomes and reduced vulnerability, issues sometimes arise from high interest rates, unethical collection practices, and uneven geographic growth.
The document provides an overview of Ramandeep Singh Saini's internship at Grameen Bank under Nobel Laureate Prof. Yunus. It summarizes the key aspects of Grameen Bank's microfinance model including its origins in Bangladesh, operational structure, lending practices, and impact. Some of the main points covered are:
- Grameen Bank pioneered the group lending model and provides small, collateral-free loans primarily to women to invest in income-generating activities.
- It has a decentralized branch structure and takes banking services directly to villages. Loans are typically under $100 USD and repaid in weekly installments.
- Rigorous training and social pressure among group members helps maintain
ROLE OF self help group in economic development-1.pdfMrParmanand
This document provides an introduction and background on self-help groups (SHGs) in India and their role in microfinance and economic development. It defines SHGs as small village-based groups, usually composed of 4-15 local women or men, who make small regular savings contributions and provide loans to members. The introduction discusses how SHGs are started by NGOs or government organizations to empower women and reduce poverty. It also explains how many Indian SHGs partner with banks for microcredit delivery and how SHGs pool savings to make members financially stable and self-employed through small business loans.
Commercial banks are beginning to recognize microfinance as a viable market and offer financial services like loans, deposits, and money transfers to low-income households and small businesses. While banks have advantages over non-bank microfinance institutions like established infrastructure and access to deposit funding, they also face challenges in adapting traditional banking practices to the needs of poor clients. The document discusses various approaches banks can take to engage in microfinance, such as direct lending, creating a microfinance subsidiary, or partnering with existing microfinance organizations.
This presentation summarizes a study on borrower satisfaction with Grameen Bank's loan settlement procedures. The presentation includes:
- An introduction to Grameen Bank and its mission to provide loans to the poor without collateral.
- The objectives, methodology, and limitations of the study on borrower satisfaction. Primary and secondary data were collected through surveys and documents.
- An analysis of the survey results, finding that most borrowers are satisfied with factors like loan facilities, application processes, and installment flexibility.
- Conclusions about borrower satisfaction and recommendations to improve services for Grameen Bank customers.
ROLE OF self help group in economic development-1.docxMrParmanand
This document provides an overview of self-help groups (SHGs) and their role in economic development. It discusses how SHGs are formed by bringing together small groups of economically homogeneous individuals who make regular savings contributions. The funds are then available for members to take loans and invest in income-generating activities. SHGs aim to empower members and alleviate poverty through collective savings, access to credit, and peer support. They have become an important microfinance model, especially in India through the SHG bank linkage program. The document also reviews shifts in development paradigms and approaches to rural development over time.
The document discusses training and development at Holiday Inn Hotel & Resort. It outlines the hotel's vision, mission, organizational structure, and management style. It also states that the document will look at socializing new employees, training programs to build skills, and development efforts to ensure a supply of highly qualified workers.
The document discusses the teacher's important role in character building of students. It begins by defining character and noting the current scenario of low literacy rates. It emphasizes that character building should be the prime aim of education. Character is influenced most by role models, especially teachers. Teachers need to understand child development principles and apply them appropriately. Development occurs through both nature and nurture influences. The teacher's role is to foster stable, positive behavior in students through their own strong moral character and caring attitude.
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Interview segments provide perspectives from managers on their safety standards, waste disposal procedures, and needs for improved medical facilities. Overall, the document evaluates current safety practices and outlines
This document outlines a research proposal to study the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan's economy. The objectives are to understand SME definitions, contributions to economic growth and employment, and challenges faced. An overview notes SMEs are important to Pakistan's economy but suffer weaknesses that constrain growth. The broad problem is Pakistan's agriculture-based economy has not boosted development as much as industrialized economies. While large industries contribute to growth, the role of SMEs in all sectors cannot be overlooked.
SA 8000 is a social accountability standard that was developed to allow companies to certify that they operate in accordance with international human rights and labor standards. It aims to ensure ethical sourcing and production through independent third-party audits and continuous improvement efforts. SA 8000 certification can benefit companies by improving their brand image, reducing risks, and increasing customer loyalty and access to international markets.
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The presentation provides an introduction to management concepts for Sir K.J Malik. It is presented by four group members and covers HRM processes both inside and outside the organization. Specifically, it discusses the recruitment process guide, security measures, balancing work and life, and rewards and benefits programs. At the end, the presenters thank the audience and accept any questions.
Pizza Hut came to Pakistan opening locations in Karachi, Lahore, and Multan. It has a hierarchical structure at the head office and restaurant levels. Management functions like planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling are carried out. Pizza Hut conducts various promotional activities worldwide and in Pakistan uses strategies like Pizza Pooch Club and new flavors. It performs well politically and socially but faces threats from new competitors.
This document provides a historical background and overview of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). It discusses how PIA was formed in 1955 through the merger of Orient Airways and Pakistan Airways to serve as the national carrier of Pakistan. It details PIA's initial routes and fleet expansion over the decades as it grew to become one of the largest airlines in Asia. The document also outlines some of PIA's achievements and challenges over the years in developing its network and adapting to changes in technology and management.
The document discusses the marketing plan of Wah Nobel Acetates Limited, a manufacturer of acetic acid, butyl acetate, and ethyl acetate. It outlines the company's products, market segmentation, distribution channels, pricing policies, and marketing objectives to capture market share and increase sales of its chemicals. The marketing department will focus on customer satisfaction, improving products' image, and ensuring consistency in quality to achieve its goals.
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Paktel is Pakistan's first and leading cellular company. It has the largest network coverage in the country and focuses strongly on customer service. The document discusses Paktel's history and background, strengths such as being the first mobile company and having a qualified workforce, and weaknesses like lack of spending on advertising. It also covers opportunities for growth and threats from increased competition. Paktel offers various value-added services to customers like call centers, international SMS, and call forwarding.
The 379th Project Management Committee meeting was held on May 14, 2005 at 1100 hrs in the Conference Room. All members except the GM of Spinning were present. The agenda included the Spinning Performance Report for May 2005 and maintenance updates. Issues with motor tripping in Section IV were discussed. The document also covered strategies to reduce costs associated with IT outsourcing such as contracting costs, transition costs, vendor management costs, and costs of switching vendors. Key recommendations included being aware of all potential costs, including transition and management costs, and including flexibility and reversibility clauses in contracts.
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1. A short history of Grameen Bank
The origin of Grameen Bank can be traced back to 1976 when Professor
Muhammad Yunus, Head of the Rural Economics Program at the University
of Chittagong, launched an action research project to examine the possibility
of designing a credit delivery system to provide banking services targeted at
the rural poor. The Grameen Bank Project (Grameen means "rural" or
"village" in Bangla language) came into operation with the following
objectives:
- extend banking facilities to poor men and women;
- eliminate the exploitation of the poor by money lenders;
- create opportunities for self-employment for the vast multitude of
unemployed people in rural Bangladesh;
- bring the disadvantaged, mostly the women from the poorest households,
within the fold of an organizational format which they can understand and
manage by themselves; and
- reverse the age-old vicious circle of "low income, low saving & low
investment", into virtuous circle of "low income, injection of credit, investment,
more income, more savings, more investment, more income".
The action research demonstrated its strength in Jobra (a village adjacent to
Chittagong University) and some of the neighboring villages during
1976-1979. With the sponsorship of the central bank of the country and
support of the nationalized commercial banks, the project was extended to
Tangail district (a district north of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh) in
1979. With the success in Tangail, the project was extended to several other
districts in the country. In October 1983, the Grameen Bank Project was
transformed into an independent bank by government legislation. Today
Grameen Bank is owned by the rural poor whom it serves. Borrowers of the
Bank own 90% of its shares, while the remaining 10% is owned by the
government.
Bamboo work
Method of action
The Grameen Bank's Method of action can be illustrated by the following
2. Grameen Bank
Grameen Bank (GB) has reversed conventional banking practice by removing
the need for collateral and created a banking system based on mutual trust,
accountability, participation and creativity. GB provides credit to the poorest of
the poor in rural Bangladesh, without any collateral. At GB, credit is a cost
effective weapon to fight poverty and it serves as a catalyst in the over all
development of socio-economic conditions of the poor who have been kept
outside the banking orbit on the ground that they are poor and hence not
bankable. Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of "Grameen Bank" and its
Managing Director, reasoned that if financial resources can be made available to
the poor people on terms and conditions that are appropriate and reasonable,
"these millions of small people with their millions of small pursuits can add up to
create the biggest development wonder."
As of March, 2007, it has 7.06 million borrowers, 97 percent of whom are women.
With 2399 branches, GB provides services in 76,848 villages, covering more
than 91 percent of the total villages in Bangladesh.
Grameen Bank's positive impact on its poor and formerly poor borrowers has
been documented in many independent studies carried out by external agencies
including the World Bank, the International Food Research Policy Institute
(IFPRI) and the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS).
Ten Indicators to Assess Poverty level
Muhammad Yunus
August , 2006
3. Every year GB staff evaluate their work and check whether the socio-economic situation of GB
members is improving. GB evaluates poverty level of the borrowers using ten indicators.
A member is considered to have moved out of poverty if her family fulfills the following criteria:
1. The family lives in a house worth at least Tk. 25,000 (twenty five thousand) or a house
with a tin roof, and each member of the family is able to sleep on bed instead of on the
floor.
2. Family members drink pure water of tube-wells, boiled water or water purified by using
alum, arsenic-free, purifying tablets or pitcher filters.
3. All children in the family over six years of age are all going to school or finished primary
school.
4. Minimum weekly loan installment of the borrower is Tk. 200 or more.
5. Family uses sanitary latrine.
6. Family members have adequate clothing for every day use, warm clothing for winter, such
as shawls, sweaters, blankets, etc, and mosquito-nets to protect themselves from
mosquitoes.
7. Family has sources of additional income, such as vegetable garden, fruit-bearing trees, etc,
so that they are able to fall back on these sources of income when they need additional
money.
8. The borrower maintains an average annual balance of Tk. 5,000 in her savings accounts.
9. Family experiences no difficulty in having three square meals a day throughout the year, i.
e. no member of the family goes hungry any time of the year.
10. Family can take care of the health. If any member of the family falls ill, family can afford
to take all necessary steps to seek adequate healthcare.
Poultry
4. Credit delivery system
Grameen Bank credit delivery system has the following features:
1. There is an exclusive focus on the poorest of the poor.
Exclusivity is ensured by:
i. establishing clearly the eligibility criteria for selection of targeted
clientele and adopting practical measures to screen out those who
do not meet them
ii. in delivering credit, priority has been increasingly assigned to
women
iii. the delivery system is geared to meet the diverse socio-economic
development needs of the po
iv. or.
2. Borrowers are organized into small homogeneous groups.
Such characteristics facilitate group solidarity as well as participatory
interaction. Organizing the primary groups of five members and federating
them into centres has been the foundation of Grameen Bank's system.
The emphasis from the very outset is to organisationally strengthen the
Grameen clientele, so that they can acquire the capacity for planning and
implementing micro level development decisions. The Centres are
functionally linked to the Grameen Bank, whose field workers have to
attend Centre meetings every week.
3. Special loan conditionalities which are particularly suitable for the
poor.
These include:
i. very small loans given without any collateral
ii. loans repayable in weekly instalments spread over a year
iii. eligibility for a subsequent loan depends upon repayment of first
loan
iv. individual, self chosen, quick income generating activities which
employ the skills that borrowers already posses
v. close supervision of credit by the group as well as the bank staff
vi. stress on credit discipline and collective borrower responsibility or
peer pressure
vii. special safegaurds through compulsory and voluntary savings to
minimise the risks that the poor confront
viii. transparency in all bank transactions most of which take place at
centre meetings.
4. Simultaneous undertaking of a social development agenda
addressing basic needs of the clientele.
This is reflected in the "sixteen decisions" adopted by Grameen
borrowers. This helps to:
i. raise the social and political consciousness of the newly organized
groups
5. ii. focus increasingly on women from the poorest households, whose
urge for survival has a far greater bearing on the development of
the family
iii. encourage their monitoring of social and physical infrastructure
projects - housing, sanitation, drinking water, education, family
planning, etc.
5. Design and development of organization and management systems
capable of delivering programme resources to targeted clientele.
The system has evolved gradually through a structured learning process,
that involves trials, errors and continuous adjustments. A major
requirement to operationalize the system is the special training needed for
development of a highly motivated staff, so that the decision making and
operational authority is gradually decentralized and administrative
functions are delegated at the zonal levels downwards.
6. Expansion of loan portfolio to meet diverse development needs of
the poor.
As the general credit programme gathers momentum and the borrowers
become familiar with credit discipline, other loan programmes are
introduced to meet growing social and economic development needs of
the clientele. Besides housing, such programmes include:
i. credit for building sanitary laterines
ii. credit for installation of tubewells that supply drinking water and
irrigation for kitchen gardens
iii. credit for seasonal cultivation to buy agricultural inputs
iv. loan for leasing equipment / machinery, ie., cell phones purchased
by Grameen Bank members
v. finance projects undertaken by the entire family of a seasoned
borrower.
Embroidery
T
6. he underlying premise of Grameen is that, in order to emerge from poverty and
remove themselves from the clutches of usurers and middlemen, landless
peasants need access to credit, without which they cannot be expected to launch
their own enterprises, however small these may be. In defiance of the traditional
rural banking postulate whereby "no collateral (in this case, land) means no
credit", the Grameen Bank experiment set out to prove - successfully - that
lending to the poor is not an impossible proposition; on the contrary, it gives
landless peasants the opportunity to purchase their own tools, equipment, or
other necessary means of production and embark on income-generating
ventures which will allow them escape from the vicious cycle of "low income, low
savings, low investment, low income". In other words, the banker's confidence
rests upon the will and capacity of the borrowers to succeed in their
undertakings.
The mode of operation of Grameen Bank is as follows. A bank branch is set up
with a branch manager and a number of center managers and covers an area of
about 15 to 22 villages. The manager and the workers start by visiting villages to
familiarise themeselves with the local milieu in which they will be operating and
identify the prospective clientele, as well as explain the purpose, the functions,
and the mode of operation of the bank to the local population. Groups of five
prospective borrowers are formed; in the first stage, only two of them are eligible
for, and receive, a loan. The group is observed for a month to see if the members
are conforming to the rules of the bank. Only if the first two borrowers begin to
repay the principal plus interest over a period of six weeks, do the other
members of the group become eligible themselves for a loan. Because of these
restrictions, there is substantial group pressure to keep individual records clear.
In this sense, the collective responsibility of the group serves as the collateral on
the loan.
Loans are small, but sufficient to finance the micro-enterprises undertaken by
borrowers: rice-husking, machine repairing, purchase of rickshaws, buying of
milk cows, goats, cloth, pottery etc. The interest rate on all loans is 16 percent.
The repayment rate on loans is currently - 95 per cent - due to group pressure
and self-interest, as well as the motivation of borrowers.
Although mobilization of savings is also being pursued alongside the lending
activities of the Grameen Bank, most of the latter's loanable funds are
increasingly obtained on commercial terms from the central bank, other financial
institutions, the money market, and from bilateral and multilateral aid
organizations.
7. Cow fattening
Our principle mission is to help Craft Producers in developing nations sell their crafts to consumers around the world
and in doing so to increase their standard of living above the poverty line. This is the purpose of this Online
Marketplace which will soon have many Producer Groups from around the world shipping directly to retailers.
At this time Producers cannot ship small orders to consumers in other parts of the world in a cost effective way.
Therefore Wholesalers purchase these crafts and market them to retailers who then market them to consumers. The
crafts are marked up 3 to 6 times in the process. This can make them very expensive.
If Retailers could purchase directly from Producers they would pay about 1/2 what they are paying now, and
consumers would pay less when they purchase them. This lower price will result in more sales. More sales will help
these Producers raise their standard of living.
There are many problems facing any business trying to import items from another country. Import fees, cost effective
shipping, insurance, and the assurance that the Retailer will receive their order on time and in good condition. If we
can help Retailers solve these problems we can increase the amount of crafts they will import.
We want this to be a "Global Marketplace" for Retailers. A place where they can find crafts and receive help from us in
solving any problems that stand in their way so they can import directly from Producers.
We will soon have crafts and jewelry available directly from Producer Groups around the world for sale on this site.
Our job is to find them Retail buyers. We will do the marketing. Listed below are just some of the search engines and
web sites that will carry these items. Each item when found will have a link to this site where the item can be
purchased. Retailers can use a credit card, or mail in a money order. We will email the order to the Producer Group
and send them the payment.
By using the Internet and high traffic shopping sites like the ones listed below we will expand the marketplace and
exposure of these crafts and jewelry. That will greatly increase their sales, and help raise the standard of living of
these Producer Groups.
The 16 decisions of Grameen Bank
8. 1. We shall follow and advance the four principles of Grameen Bank ---
Discipline, Unity, Courage and Hard work – in all walks of our lives.
2. Prosperity we shall bring to our families.
9. 3. We shall not live in dilapidated houses. We shall repair our houses and
work towards constructing new houses at the earliest.
4. We shall grow vegetables all the year round. We shall eat plenty of them
and sell the surplus.
10. 5. During the plantation seasons, we shall plant as many seedlings as
possible.
6. We shall plan to keep our families small. We shall minimize our
expenditures. We shall look after our health.
11. 7. We shall educate our children and ensure that they can earn to pay for
their education.
8. We shall always keep our children and the environment clean.
12. 9. We shall build and use pit-latrines.
10. We shall drink water from tube wells. If it is not available, we shall boil
water or use alum.
13. 11. We shall not take any dowry at our sons' weddings, neither shall we give
any dowry at our daughters wedding. We shall keep our centre free from
the curse of dowry. We shall not practice child marriage.
14. 12. We shall not inflict any injustice on anyone, neither shall we allow anyone
to do so.
13. We shall collectively undertake bigger investments for higher incomes.
15. 14. We shall always be ready to help each other. If anyone is in difficulty, we
shall all help him or her.
15. If we come to know of any breach of discipline in any centre, we shall all
go there and help restore discipline.
16. We shall take part in all social activities collectively.