The document discusses acids and bases and how to test substances as acids or bases using litmus paper. It provides instructions for an activity where students will test various substances with litmus paper and record their observations to classify the substances as acids or bases. Blue litmus paper that turns red in a substance indicates an acid, while blue litmus paper that remains blue indicates a base. Examples of substances that may be acids include vinegar, calamansi, and soft drinks, while examples of bases could be toothpaste, lotion, and shampoo.