The document provides evidence for evolution from four areas: fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryonic development, and amino acid sequences. It describes how fossils found in sedimentary rock layers provide evidence of how species have changed over generations. Comparative anatomy shows homologous and analogous structures between species, indicating shared ancestry or convergent evolution. Embryonic development reveals similarity between species in early embryonic stages even if adults differ. Finally, greater similarity in amino acid sequences between organisms suggests a closer evolutionary relationship and common ancestor.

1. PRAYER

3. REVIEW

4. 4 PICS, 1 WORD
V
E O L U T I O N

5. EVIDENCE FOR
EVOLUTION

6. 4 EVIDENCES FOR EVOLUTION
1. Fossil Record
2. Comparative Anatomy
3. Embryonic Development
4. Amino Acid Sequence

7. What is EVOLUTION?
 In biology, evolution is the change in the
characteristics of a species over several generations
and relies on the process of natural selection.
 The theory of evolution is based on the idea that
all species? are related and gradually change over
time.

8.  Organisms inhabiting the earth changed
over time, their structures, traits, and
abilities allowed them to adapt and survive
in their environment.

9.  Data from fossil records, anatomy and
morphology, embryonic development and
biochemistry could be analyzed to
demonstrate if evolution of life on earth
has taken place.

10. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records
 Have you ever seen fossils of any organism?
 Fossils are examples of evidences that
paleontologist use in studying evolution.
 Who are the paleontologist?

11. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records
Paleontologist
a person who studies or is an expert in the branch of
science concerned with fossil animals and plants.
 Who are the paleontologist?
Paleontology
is the branch of science concerned with fossil animals
and plants.

12. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records
 Fossils are the traces of organism that lived
in the past and were preserved by natural
process or catastrophic event.
 They can be remains of organisms which
includes bones, shells, teeth and also feces
embedded in rocks, peat, resin, and ice.

13. Evidence from Fossils Records
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 Most fossils were commonly found in sedimentary rocks.
There were from the hard part of organism like woody
stem, bones, or teeth.

14. Types of fossil
COMPRESSION FOSSIL
Black organic residue (carbon ) from
original plant adheres to replica
IMPRESSION FOSSIL
Replica of plant parts lacking organic
remains

15. 1.Evidence from Fossils Records
The age of fossils is determined through fossil dating. It can
be specified as either relative or absolute dating.
RELATIVE DATING
Method used to determine the age of the rocks by
comparing them with the rocks in the other layer. The
younger sedimentary rock layer is assumed to be found
on top and the older rock is found at the bottom layer.
Fossil found at the bottom layer is assumed to be older
than those on the upper layer.

16. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records
The age of fossils is determined through fossil dating. It can
be specified as either relative or absolute dating.
ABSOLUTE DATING
is through the use of radioactive isotopes such as carbon 14.
Radiometric dating is a method used to determine the age of
rocks using the decay radioactive isotopes present in rocks. All
organisms has carbon 14 in it.
Plants and animals that are still alive constantly replace the
supply of carbon in their body and the amount of carbon 14 in
their body stays the same

17. PERIOD ERA
RECENT
CENOZOIC
QUARTERNARY
TERTIARY
CRETACEOUS
MESOZOIC
JURASSIC
TRIASSIC
PERMIAN
PALEOZOI
C
CARBOONIFERO
US
DEVONIAN
SILURIAN
ORDOVICIAN
CAMBRIAN
PRECAMBRIAN
TIME

18. TIME(MILLION YEARS
AGO)
PERIOD ERA
1.8-PRESENT RECENT
CENOZOIC
23-1.8 QUARTERNARY
65.5-23 TERTIARY
146-65.5 CRETACEOUS
MESOZOIC
200-146 JURASSIC
251-200 TRIASSIC
299-251 PERMIAN
PALEOZOIC
359-299 CARBOONIFEROUS
416-359 DEVONIAN
444-416 SILURIAN
488-444 ORDOVICIAN
542-488 CAMBRIAN
4600-542 PRECAMBRIAN TIME

19. 2.Comparative Anatomy
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
Structure from different species which have similar internal
framework, position, and embryonic development are
considered to be homologous.
Homologous structures may perform different functions in
the species living in the different environment , or it may
have the same origin but different functions.

20. 2.Comparative Anatomy
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
.
Here are some examples of homologous structure:
The forelimbs of human, cat, whale and bat are structurally the same, but
functionally different.

21. 2.Comparative Anatomy
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
.
The presence of
homologous structure
is a strong indicator
that the organisms
evolved from central
ancestors.
This type of evolution
is called divergent
evolution.
Pliohippus
Horse
Zebra

22. 2.Comparative Anatomy
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
Structures of unrelated species may evolved to
alike, because the structure is adapted to similar
function. These are called analogous structures.
Analogous structures have similar functions but
different origin.

23. 2.Comparative Anatomy
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
.
Here are some examples of analogous structure:
Wings of birds ,bat and insect
have similar functions but different origin.

24. 2.Comparative Anatomy
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
In convergent evolution, the
analogous structure of
unrelated organisms from
different ancestors develop
similar function such butterfly
wings and birds wings.
Ancestral reptile
Ancestral bird Ancestral mammal
FLIGHT

25. 3. Embryonic Development
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

26. 3. Embryonic Development
An embryo is an early stage of development in organisms.
Embryonic development include stages such as blastula,
gastrula, and organogenesis.
The embryo of fishes, salamanders, lizards, birds, cats, and
humans have similar during the first stage of their embryonic
development.

27. 3. Embryonic Development
They have several homologous structures that are not
present when the organisms are adult.
Studies shows that species that are closely related exhibit
similar embryonic development. Even when in adult stage, the
organisms are quite different.

28. 4. Amino Acid Sequence
The greater the similarity in amino acid sequence,
the closer the relationship of the organisms. The
organisms which are similar in structure and also
possess similarity at the biochemical level could
probably have a common ancestor.

30. 4. Amino Acid Sequence
Which organism is closely related to humans?
Which organism is least related to humans?

31. Thanks you for
listening!