FINDING THE EPICENTER ACTIVITY SHEET
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This document provides instructions for locating the epicenter of an earthquake using triangulation from seismic station data. The procedure involves using the time difference between P and S wave arrivals at three stations to calculate the distance from each station to the epicenter. Circles are drawn on a map using these distances to find the point where all three intersect, which identifies the epicenter. Determining the epicenter is important for understanding the earthquake's location and effects.
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Convection currents in the earth's mantle cause the movement of tectonic plates. Faults form at the boundaries of these plates where the rocks are weak. When stress builds up along fault lines from the movement of plates, it causes the faults to slip suddenly and generate earthquakes. There are three main types of faults - normal, reverse, and strike-slip - which move in different ways due to tensional, compressional, or shear stresses. Active faults have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may continue to do so, while inactive faults have not produced quakes recently but could still be capable of generating future seismic activity.
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This document provides instructions for using the triangulation method to locate the epicenter of an earthquake using data from three seismic recording stations in the Philippines. Students are given hypothetical data on the arrival times of P and S waves and asked to compute distances, plot circles on a map, and determine where the circles intersect, which would indicate the epicenter. Questions assess the student's understanding of locating the epicenter and importance of determining earthquake epicenters.
Gps
GPS was created during the Cold War to allow fast and accurate location fixes for submarines and missile launches. It works using a constellation of 24 satellites that continuously broadcast radio signals. By measuring the time it takes for signals from at least 4 satellites to reach a GPS receiver, its precise 3D location can be calculated. Sources of error include atmospheric effects, clock errors, receiver errors, landscape features, and multipath errors. An ideal tsunami warning system incorporates detection technologies like seabed monitors and ocean buoys, as well as effective information dissemination to alert communities and enable quick evacuation.
Solar trackersolution
The document discusses a solar resource lab where students learn to:
1. Forecast seasonal and daily solar insolation levels using clear-sky models and validate with measurements.
2. Estimate errors in their models by comparing to pyrheliometer and pyranometer readings.
3. Identify sources of error and derive optimal parameter estimates to improve their models.
Gps
The document discusses the global positioning system (GPS) including its history, how it works using satellites and measurements of distance, sources of error, and applications like plane surveying and tsunami detection.
Earthquake epicenter
The document describes how to locate an earthquake's epicenter using data from three seismograph stations. For each station, the difference in arrival times between the P and S waves is calculated and plotted on a travel-time graph to determine the distance to the epicenter. Triangulation is then used to pinpoint the exact epicenter location where the distance circles from each station intersect.
ESA SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Mission: Principles of Operation ...
SMOS basic principles and description of some products developed at the SMOS Barcelona Expert Center.
Disclaimer: these materials were prepared for Eduacational purposes only.
Impact Of Urbanization On Land Surface Temperature -A Case Study Of Kolkata N...
This document analyzes changes in land surface temperature in Kolkata New Town, India as it has undergone urbanization. Satellite images from 1996, 2004, and 2014 were used to calculate land surface temperature. The mean temperature increased from 22.8°C in 1996 to 24.9°C in 2004 and 26.4°C in 2014. Land surface temperature was found to be positively correlated with built-up areas and negatively correlated with vegetation. Several new hot spots of higher temperature emerged as new built up areas developed. The changes in land surface temperature were greatest from 1996 to 2004 as that period saw large areas filled in and developed. The study suggests considering microclimatic changes in urban planning for sustainable development.
Modern Surveying Instrument.pptx
This document discusses modern surveying techniques and technologies. It describes what surveying is and its objectives. Some key modern equipment for surveying are then outlined, including digital levels, total stations, electromagnetic distance measurement instruments, and remote sensing. For each tool, its components, operation, features, and uses are summarized. Remote sensing in particular and how it can be applied to disaster management for cyclones, earthquakes, floods and other hazards is then explored in more detail.
mpact of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature - A Case Study of Kolkata N...
Land Surface Temperature depends on the nature of land surface. Water bodies, green fields remain cooler than bare ground and built-up area. Kolkata New Town is emerging in agricultural area through filling of big water bodies and converting cultivated lands into built up area. This study aims to analyse the changes in land surface temperature with advent of the town. It is found that the land surface temperature is increasing sharply. The mean temperature of the area was 22.8°C in 1996 which became 24.9°C in 2004 and 26.4°C in 2014. Spatial variation was sharp during early stage of project i.e. 1996-2004. Besides The relation of built-up (NDBI) and LST is found positively co-related with a r value of 0.76 in 2004 and 0.73 in 2014 and the relation with vegetation (NDVI) is negatively related and the r value is -.0.35 in both the years of 2004 and 2014. Several patches of heat zones are now being popped up these zones have been identified on the map of Kolkata New Town. The study suggests toconsider the possible micro-climatic changes in town planning for the sustainable development.
Practical 2 Chain and Compass Surveying - Computation of areas.ppt
The document describes procedures for conducting a chain and cross staff survey to determine the area of an irregularly shaped plot of land. It involves identifying corners along the boundary and measuring offsets from the baseline using chain and cross staff. The plot is divided into triangles and trapezoids. Their individual areas are calculated using appropriate formulae and summed to get the total area. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate drawing maps based on chainage readings and calculating area using tabular methods and triangulation.
Midterm_2013_formatted.pdf
This document contains information about an EOS 350 midterm exam, including 23 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions. It provides equations that may be useful for the exam, describes the question format and point values, and lists the multiple choice and short answer exam questions.
Coordinates (Surveying) - Report
1. The document discusses coordinate systems which are used to reference locations on Earth through the use of latitude, longitude, and elevation data.
2. It provides background on different types of coordinate systems and their components before describing a procedure to collect elevation data at various points.
3. The results section plots the collected elevation data to sketch the topology of the area.
Similar to FINDING THE EPICENTER ACTIVITY SHEET (20)
Science 10 First Quarter Module 1 Activity no 1. Find the Center
Science 10 First Quarter Module 1 Activity no 1. Find the Center
ESA SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Mission: Principles of Operation ...
ESA SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Mission: Principles of Operation ...
Impact Of Urbanization On Land Surface Temperature -A Case Study Of Kolkata N...
Impact Of Urbanization On Land Surface Temperature -A Case Study Of Kolkata N...
mpact of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature - A Case Study of Kolkata N...
mpact of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature - A Case Study of Kolkata N...
Practical 2 Chain and Compass Surveying - Computation of areas.ppt
Practical 2 Chain and Compass Surveying - Computation of areas.ppt
More from DARYL (MONKAYO NHS)
DNA replication
DNA replication is the process where a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix into single strands, using each strand as a template to create a new partner strand that is complementary to the original. Several enzymes are involved, including DNA polymerase which adds nucleotides to the growing new DNA strand based on the template, and DNA ligase which seals together fragments of the lagging strand called Okazaki fragments. DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules each composed of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
DNA VS RNA
DNA contains genes which are the blueprints that code for traits and proteins. DNA has a double helix shape and contains four nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. RNA assists in protein synthesis by allowing DNA to be interpreted and coded for various proteins.
CLIMATE CHANGE science9
The document describes several climatic phenomena that occur on a global level, including:
1) The shrinking of the Arctic ice cap, which has diminished significantly over the past 20 years with the lowest point in 2012. Melting ice includes both melting ice and melting permafrost, which releases gases into the atmosphere.
2) Global warming, which is defined as the long-term heating of Earth's surface since the pre-industrial period.
3) Greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons, which trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming from human activities.
MOLES science9
The document discusses the mole concept and how it allows chemists to quantify matter by counting particles using Avogadro's number rather than mass alone. It explains how the mole is defined as 6.022x10^23 particles and can be used to determine the number of atoms in a sample by calculating the number of moles and multiplying by Avogadro's number. Examples are provided to illustrate how to perform mole calculations and determine the number of particles in a chemical substance.
electromagnetism
This document provides information on learning outcomes, misconceptions, and a brief history of magnetism and electromagnetism. The key learning outcomes are to describe the behavior of permanent magnets and how magnetic fields arise from moving charges. The brief history section outlines important discoveries and developments in electromagnetism from 1600 to the 1860s, including Oersted's discovery relating electricity and magnetism. Misconceptions discussed include that all metals are magnetic and that static charges interact with magnet poles.
CARBON COMPOUNDS SCIENCE 9
1. The document discusses several organic compounds including their molecular formulas, structures, and common uses. Carbon compounds like alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are discussed in terms of their bonding and properties.
2. Examples of uses mentioned include gasoline and ethanol as fuels, acetone as a solvent and in plastics/chemicals production, and formaldehyde as a building material and in household products.
3. The structures of hydrocarbons like alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are related to their bonding and properties, with saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds and unsaturated ones containing double or triple bonds.
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
This document discusses three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. It provides examples and describes the geological effects of each boundary type. It also discusses processes at divergent boundaries like mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys. Convergent boundaries include oceanic-oceanic convergence forming island arcs, and continental-oceanic convergence forming volcanic mountain ranges. Transform boundaries involve strike-slip faulting along plate edges. Additionally, the document touches on hot spot volcanism unrelated to plate boundaries.
PLATE TECTONICS(GRADE10SCIENCE 1STQUARTER MODULE1)
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
New heartbeat talk#4
This document summarizes a talk about lies women believe and their true desires and design according to God. It discusses three core desires of women: to be romanced, play an irreplaceable role, and unveil beauty. It then examines three Bible stories where Jesus interacts with women (the adulterous woman, the woman at the well, and the crippled woman) and shows how He forgives, fulfills their desires, and reveals their dignity. The talk encourages women to bring their pierced hearts to God and choose to have a new heartbeat through inviting Jesus in, renouncing lies, forgiving, and asking Him to heal and answer their deepest questions. It promises a place in God's heart and security through allowing Him
GAY LUSSAC'S LAW LESSON PLAN
This lesson plan describes teaching 10th grade students about Gay-Lussac's Law. The plan includes objectives to describe and apply the relationships between gas pressure and temperature. Students will observe a demonstration showing how cooling a gas in a sealed container decreases pressure, pushing an egg into the container. Formulas are provided and practiced to calculate pressure and temperature values. Real-life examples are discussed to find practical applications of the concepts.
MICROWAVE ACTIVITY SHEET
This document outlines a procedure to determine if electromagnetic waves from a phone call can be blocked by different materials. Students are assigned roles of caller, receiver, timer, secretary, and observer. The receiver's phone is wrapped in materials like cotton, paper, aluminum foil, and cellophane. The timer records the time between when the caller makes the call and when the receiver's phone rings. This is repeated for each material to compare the time intervals and determine which materials best or poorly transmit electromagnetic waves.
Seismic waves worksheet
Students were asked to complete an activity worksheet. The worksheet required students to provide their name, date, and class section. It also had a number assigned to the specific activity. The brief document appeared to be introducing or assigning a classroom activity for students.
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES ACTIVITY
The document describes an activity where students are broken into groups to learn about different tectonic plate boundaries. Students first watch a presentation on plate tectonics. They are then divided into home groups and assigned to research one of three boundary types: convergent, divergent, or transform. After researching, students return to their home groups to teach each other about the boundary they learned.
EARTH'S INTERIOR WORKSHEET
The document provides instructions for an activity to label and describe the layers of the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Students are asked to draw symbols representing the composition of each layer and answer questions about the properties and materials that make up each of the Earth's layers, including the most abundant element in the crust, the elements that make up most of the mantle, the special feature of the upper mantle, how scientists determined the outer core is liquid, the materials of the inner core, and the phase and forces acting on the inner core.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM QUIZ
This document contains a worksheet with questions about the male and female reproductive systems. It asks the student to label parts of both systems, including at least 5 parts of the female system and 7 parts of the male system. It also contains multiple choice, true/false, and matching questions about the purpose of the urethra, the process of intercourse and sperm travel, traits of identical twins, openings for menstrual flow and urine, and matching reproductive system terms to their definitions. The document concludes by asking the student to provide one question they are curious about regarding the reproductive system.
Endocrine system quiz
The document is a student worksheet asking the student to label the major endocrine glands in the body by completing a table. It provides the student's name, grade level, and subject but lacks the table to be filled out.
certificate of participation
This certificate is awarded to an individual for their active participation in an unspecified event during the Municipal Science Festival of Talents on September 24, 2019 at Monkayo National High School in Poblacion, Monkayo, Compostela Valley Province. The certificate is signed by the Cluster Science Coordinator and School Principal III and is dated September 24, 2019.
concave mirror activity sheet
This document outlines an experiment to construct ray diagrams and describe images formed by a concave mirror as the object position is varied. The experiment involves placing an object at different positions (at C, at F, beyond C, between F and C, between F and V, and between F and C) and drawing the corresponding ray diagram to determine the image position, size, orientation, and type (real or virtual). The document then asks the student to analyze how the image changes as the object position varies and to discuss the importance of concave mirrors and examples of devices that use them.
TRANSFORMATION IN CHRIST
The document outlines ways to avoid discouragement when experiencing problems in faith or community involvement. It discusses that (1) the Holy Spirit works in believers to change and sanctify them, (2) trials can be a means of growth, and (3) overcoming difficulties requires learning more about faith, getting support from others through shared experiences, and opportunities to serve.
Divergent plate boundary PPT
Divergent plate boundaries occur when two tectonic plates move away from each other. As the plates separate, new crust is formed in between through volcanic activity and magma solidifying. This results in the creation of geological features such as mid-ocean ridges under the ocean or rift valleys on land. Over millions of years, continued separation at divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of new oceans as the crust spreads out.
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PLATE TECTONICS(GRADE10SCIENCE 1STQUARTER MODULE1)
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11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
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Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
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Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
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https://ashpc.eu/
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SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
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BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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FINDING THE EPICENTER ACTIVITY SHEET
- 1. Avtivity no. _______ Date: ____ Name: ____________________ Grade & Section: ____ Find the Center Learning Competency: S10ES-Ia-j-36.1 Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts Objective: Locate the epicenter of an earthquake using the triangulation method. KEY CONCEPTS: ->Epicenter is a point on the surface of the Earth directly above the FOCUS of an earthquake. -> To locate epicenter using triangulation method, the following data must be provided 1.At least three(3) recording stations 2. Time difference in the arrival of P-wave and S-wave in each station 3. Distance of epicenter from each station Materials: • hypothetical records of earthquake waves • Philippine map • drawing compass and ruler Procedure: 1. Fill in the table using the formula provided. Recording station Time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave (seconds) Distance of epicenter from the station (km) x Computed distance on the map Map distance(cm) =d/200 * 1.1 Batangas 44.8 Puerto Princesa 32 Davao 38.4 2. On the map below, use the computed distance on map in each station to locate the epicenter. Start measuring the distance from Batangas (orange dot) and form a circle using a drawing compass. If you don’t have a compass, you can draw a circle using a string,clip,etc. Watch here for a hack on how to draw a circle without using compass. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EFA4YLSMHA 3.Do the same for puerto Princesa and Davao. Q1. Where is the epicenter of this hypothetical earthquake?(place where 3 circles intersect)
- 2. Q2. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have data from two recording stations? Q3. What is the distance of the epicenter from the seismic station? Q4. What do you think is the importance of determining the epicenter of an earthquake? Prepared by: DARYL F. CADANILLA