The document provides information about the governments and politics of Bangladesh and Nepal. For Bangladesh, it summarizes the constitutional name, population statistics, government structure including the presidency, legislature, judiciary, and local administration. It also discusses the ruling and opposition political parties and the election system. For Nepal, it summarizes the official name, government type, and administrative divisions. It discusses the history of administrative systems from the Shah regime to the current system and provides information on the presidency, provinces, and election systems for both local and national levels.

1. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS
of
BANGLADESH and NEPAL

2. 1. MD ASIQUR RAHMAN – LS20183010014
2. MD ALI HAIDER – LS20183010013
3. SULTANA AFROZ – LS20183190024
4. MD ATIQUL HAQUE – W20183050009
5. MD REZAUL HAI RAKIB – W20183050010
6. AASHISH DHAKAL – W20183040004
7. ABDULLAH IBNE OMAR – LB20183040001
PRESENTED BY…

3. Bangladesh At a Glance…
Constitutional Name: The People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Area : 1,47,570 Sq.Km
Capital : Dhaka
Language : Bengali, English
Population : 160 Million ( World’s 8th )
Male :Female : 81.2 Million : 78.8 Million
Health: Life expectancy average 72 years in 2018
Population Growth Rate : 1.04%
Population density: 1,101 people per Km2.
Literacy Rate : 72.8% ( Male : 77.1%, Female: 71.5%)
Per Capita Income (GNI): $1909 USD (2019)
GDP Growth Rate: 7.90% (June, 2019)
Religion: Islam– 90%, Hindu- 5%, Christian- 2%, Buddhist-1%

4. CONSTITUTION
• Supreme Law
Legislature
• Unicameral Parliament or Jatiyo Sangsad (House of
the People)
Presidency
• The President (State Chief), Prime Minister
(Government Chief)- Appointed by The President
The Bangladesh Government Structure….

5. Council of
Ministers
• The Cabinet, Headed by Prime Minister
Judiciary
• Supreme Court, High Court & the Govt. operates courts in the region,
districts and sub-districts
Civil
Service
• The implementation of Govt. policies and projects is the duty of
Bangladesh Civil Service, a crops of trained administrators who form
the nation’s most influential group of civilians.
Local
Administration
• 8 Division, 64 Districts,12 Municipal City Corporation, 492 Sub-
districts & 4554 Sub-sub-districts

6. Ruling
Party
Opposition
party
Speaker
Parliament System
of Bangladesh…

7. National Parliament House
of
Bangladesh

8. Political Parties & Election Commission…
40 Registered
Political Parties
All kinds of
elections are
conducted by
Bangladesh
Election
Commission (EC)

9. Elections Conducted by Election Commission…
Parliament Election
Is the main election to come in rule and form new Government. In the 300 seats,
any valid citizen from registered political parties or Independent candidates can
participate in this election. Validity: 5 years
 City Corporation Mayoral Election:
Is the 2nd largest elections. 12 City Corporations Mayor is elected through direct
polling by voters for 5 years
 District (Zilla) Chairman Election:
Elected indirectly by selected voters. Validity: 5 years
 Local Govt. Elections (Sub-Districts Election)
Sub-districts (Upzilla, Union) Chairman And Members are also elected by direct
polling by citizen’s poll. Validity: 5 years

10. Parliament Election System…..

11. Current President of Bangladesh…
Adv. Abdul Hamid President House

12. Current Prime Minister of Bangladesh…
Sheikh Hasina Wazed Prime Minister House

13. Current Speaker (Parliament Chief) of the
Bangladesh Parliament...
Dr. Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury

14. Current Opposition Leader of Bangladesh…
Hussain Muhammad Ershad

15. Nepal At a Glance…
• Nepal (नेपाल) is officially known as the Federal Democratic
Republic of Nepal ( सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतरि
नेपाल Saṅghīya Lokatāntrik Gaṇatantra Nepāl).
• The Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2015, establishes Nepal
as a federal secular parliamentary republic divided into seven
provinces.
• Also, it defines Nepal as having multi-ethnic, multi-lingual,
multi-religious, multi-cultural characteristics with common
aspirations of people living in diverse geographical regions,
and being committed to and united by a bond of allegiance to
the national independence, territorial integrity, national
interest, and prosperity of Nepal.

16. President of Nepal…
• The President of Nepal is the head of
state of Nepal and commander in
chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces.
• This was officially created in May
2008 after the country was declared
as a republic.
• The current president is Bidhya Devi
Bhandari, elected in October 2015.
• She is the first female Nepali head of
state.
Fig: President of Nepal

17. History of Administrative system in Nepal
• Modern Nepal dates back to 1768, when King Prithivi
Narayan Shah annexed the many mini states in the country
as part of his unification campaign.
• He named the new country Nepal, shifted his capital to
Kathmandu, and founded the Shah dynasty.
• The country was never colonized but served as a buffer
state between Imperial China and British India.
• Nepal has had various forms of government, state
structures and working procedures since then.
• In 2006, Nepal began debating the restructuring of the
state, and redefining its organs and functions for
incorporation into a new constitution.

18. Shah Regime
• Shah kings or their regents ruled Nepal between 1769 and
1846.
• This period was marked by territorial expansion, palace
infightings, and a battle with the British East India
Company resisting the invasion.
• Royal family of King Prithivi Narayan Shah dominated
the administration establishing the monarchy system in
Nepal.
• The administration was highly centralized, with the king
as the source of all legislative, executive, and judicial
authority.
• The field administration consisted of provinces, districts
and annexed vassal states and villages.

19. Modern Nepal Administration
• Nepal began modernizing after the end of Rana rule in
1951, when democracy was introduced.
• The country was governed by its first statute, the Interim
Government Act of Nepal 1951.
• This law introduced parliamentary governance with the
monarch as the head of state and enjoyed the highest
executive, legislative and judicial authority, while
recognizing the role of political parties in the
management of state affairs.
• It also introduced the idea of separation of powers
between a legislature, an executive and a judiciary,
although in practice the king held the power.

20. Contd…
• Along with this change in the political system, the role of
government began to expand from protecting national
security and maintaining law and order to include
providing basic services and promoting development.
• Later, the Interim Government of Nepal Act 1951 was
replaced by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal in
1959.
• This was followed by the general election of the House of
Representatives.
• The democratically elected government under Prime
Minister B. P. Koirala initiated several administrative
reforms.

21. Contd…
• In December 1960, King Mahendra Shah overthrew the
elected government and began to rule directly. He
dissolved the parliament and abrogated the constitution,
banned all political parties.
• He introduced a new political model that was called the
Panchayat System where the king remained the source of
executive, legislative, and judicial powers, and also served
as the supreme commander of the army.
• The country was demarcated into 14 administrative zones,
and local bodies known as district panchayats, village
panchyat and town panchayat.
• The Panchayat polity lasted only for 30 years.

22. Contd…
• Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951, but was twice
suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 1960 and 2005.
• The Nepalese Civil War in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the
proclamation of a secular republic in 2008, ending the world's
last Hindu monarchy.

23. Current Administrative Division
• As of 3 April 2018, Nepal is divided into 7 Provinces, 77
Districts and 753 local units.
• There are 6 metropolises (Mahanagarpalika), 11 sub-
metropolises (Upmahanagarpalika), 276 municipal councils
(Nagarpalika), and 460 village councils (Gaunpalikas) for
official works.
• The constitution of Nepal has granted 22 absolute powers to
the local units while they share 15 more powers with the
Central and Provincial Governments.
• This enables them to formulate laws to implement these
powers in the principles of coordination, cooperation, and
coexistence

24. Organizational Administrative structure of
Nepal

25. Provinces and their Capitals

26. Election System in Nepal
• There are three types of elections in Nepal:
• elections to the Federal Parliament
• elections to the State Assemblies and
• elections to the Local Government.
• Within each of these categories there may be by-elections as well as
general elections.
• Currently two electoral systems are used:
• parallel voting for House of Representatives and provincial assemblies and
• first past the post for local elections.

27. Election System in Nepal

28. Parliament in Nepal
• The Federal Parliament of Nepal is the federal
and supreme legislative body of Nepal. It is
a bicameral federal legislature that consists of
the National Assembly as upper house and
the House of Representatives, as lower house.
• In National Assembly, there are a total of 59
members: 8 members are elected from each of
the seven states by an electoral college of each
state, and three are appointed by the President
on recommendation of the government.
• Members serve staggered six year terms such
that the term of one-third members expires
every two years.
Fig: National Assembly

29. Thank You