Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a key role in drafting the Indian Constitution and was the chair of the Drafting Committee. Some of his major contributions include: - He chaired the Drafting Committee that was tasked with drafting the Constitution of India and incorporated many progressive provisions to protect marginalized sections of society. - He advocated for reservations for marginalized communities in education and government jobs to promote social equality. - He pushed for the inclusion of fundamental rights like the right to equality, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights for minorities in the Constitution. - As a Dalit leader, he championed for the rights of Dalits and worked to end untouchability

1. Need of constitution,Preamble,Constituent
Assembly,Articles,Schedule,Parts,Source of
constitution,Contribution of Dr.B.R. Ambedkar
Ms Meenakshi
Assistant Professor.SILB,Solan

2. Need of Constitution
• It is an important law of the land. It determines the
relationship of the citizens with the governments.
• It lays down principles and guidelines which are
required for people belonging to different ethnic and
religious groups to live in harmony.
• It specifies on how the Government would be elected
and who will have the power and the responsibility to
take important decisions.
• It outlines the limits on the power of the Government
and tells us about the rights of the citizens.
• It expresses the aspirations of the people about
creating a good society.

3. Constitution
• A): The basic principles and laws of a nation,
state, or social group that determine the
powers and duties of the government and
guarantee certain rights to the people in it.
• B): A written instrument embodying the rules
of a political or social organization.

4. Types of constitution
Written( Codified)
India
USA
Brazil
Australia
Afghanistan
Non-Written(Uncodified)
• Isreal
• Canada
• Soudi Arabia
• New Zealand
• United Kingdom

5. Preamble
• A preamble is an introductory and
expressionary statement in a document that
explains the document's purpose and
underlying philosophy.
• Written by: Jawaharlal Nehru

8. The Preamble basically gives idea of
the following:
• Source of the constitution
• Nature of Indian State
• Statement of its objectives
• Date of its adoption

9. Key words in Preamble
• We, the people of India: It indicates the ultimate sovereignty of
the people of India. Sovereignty means the independent authority
of the State, not being subject to the control of any other State or
external power.
• Sovereign: The term means that India has its own independent
authority and it is not a dominion of any other external power. In
the country, the legislature has the power to make laws which are
subject to certain limitations.
• Socialist: The term means the achievement of socialist ends
through democratic means. It holds faith in a mixed economy
where both private and public sectors co-exist side by side.
– It was added in the Preamble by 42nd Amendment, 1976.

10. Secular: The term means that all the religions in India get equal respect,
protection and support from the state.
It was incorporated in the Preamble by 42nd Constitutional Amendment,
1976.
Democratic: The term implies that the Constitution of India has an established
form of Constitution which gets its authority from the will of the people
expressed in an election.
Republic: The term indicates that the head of the state is elected by the people.
In India, the President of India is the elected head of the state.

11. Constituent Assembly-Background
• In 1934, M N Roy first proposed the idea of a constituent
assembly.
• The demand was taken up by the Congress Party in 1935 as
an official demand
• The British accepted this in the August Offer of 1940
• Under the Cabinet Mission plan of 1946, elections were
held for the formation of the constituent assembly
• The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, i.e.,
by the members of the provincial assemblies by the
method of a single transferable vote of proportional
representation
• The constituent assembly was formed for the purpose of
writing a constitution for independent India

12. Composition
• Initially, the number of members was 389. After
partition, some of the members went to Pakistan
and the number came down to 299. Out of this,
229 were from the British provinces and 70 were
nominated from the princely states.
• Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary
chairman of the Constituent Assembly. Later, Dr.
Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President and
its Vice President was Harendra Coomar
Mookerjee. BN Rau was the constitutional
advisor.

13. Key Features
• When did the constituent assembly first meet-The
assembly first met on 9 December 1946
• Was there any role of the Muslim League in the formation
of the Constitution of India-No, there no role played by the
Muslim League in the constituent assembly as it had
boycotted this meeting citing their demand for partition
• What is ‘Objective Resolution’ concerned with the
constituent assembly of India-Objective Resolution
enshrined the aspirations and values of the constitution-
makers. Under this, the people of India were guaranteed
social, economic and political justice, equality and
fundamental freedoms. This resolution was unanimously
adopted on 22 January 1947 and it became the Preamble
to the Constitution

14. • When was Objective Resolution moved and by who?-On
13 December, Jawaharlal Nehru moved the ‘Objective
Resolution’.
• When was National Flag of Union adopted?-The National
Flag of the Union was adopted on 22 July 1947
• For how many days, the constituent assembly assembled
to frame the constitution?-The time is taken by the
assembly to frame the constitution: 2 years, 11 months and
18 days. Money spent in framing the constitution: Rs.64
lakhs
• When was Jana Gana Mana adopted as our national
anthem?-On 24 January 1950, ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was
adopted as the national anthem

15. • How many articles our final constitution has?-The final document
had 22 parts, 395 articles and 8 schedules.
• What was the total number of sessions constituent assembly
had?-The assembly had met for 11 sessions
• When was the draft of the Indian Constitution published?- The
draft was published in January 1948 and the country’s people were
asked for their feedback and inputs within 8 months
• What is the date of the last session?-The last session was held
during 14 – 26 November 1949. The constitution was passed and
adopted by the assembly on 26 November 1949
• When did the constitution of India come into force?-The
constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 (which is
celebrated as Republic Day)

16. Committees of Constituent Assembly
of India
• Drafting Committee-Dr. B R Ambedkar
• Union Constitution Committee-Jawaharlal Nehru
• Union Powers Committee-Jawaharlal Nehru
• States Committee-Jawaharlal Nehru
• Steering Committee-Dr. Rajendra Prasad
• Rules of Procedure Committee-Dr. Rajendra Prasad
• Provincial Constitution Committee-Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and
Excluded Areas:
• Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee: Acharya Kripalani
• Minorities Sub-Committee: H C Mookerjee
• Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-
Committee: A V Thakkar
• North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded
Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi

17. Sources of Indian
Constitution/Borrowed Features
Australia
• Trade,Commerce,Intercourse
• Third list-Concurrent list
• Language of Preamble
Trick-AUS TRA L IA

18. France
• Concept of Republic
• Ideas of-Liberty,Equality,Fraternity
Trick-FRA NCE

19. Germany
• Suspension of Fundamental rights during
emergency.
• HILTER-

20. South Africa
• Amendment of the constitution
A F RI C A

21. Japan
• Concept of procedure established by law-
Article-21

22. Russia
• Fundamental Duties
• Five year plan
Russia ne India ke sath 5 sal tak dosti ki duty
nibhai

23. Ireland
• DPSP ( Spain)
• Method of election of President
• Nomination of Rajya Sabha members by the
President.
• I R EL AN D

24. Canada
• Federation with a strong centre
• Distribution of power between centre and
state
• Residuary powers with the centre
C –Centre ANADA

25. USA
• Written constitution
• Executive head of the state as President and his being
the supreme commander of the armed forces.
• Vice-President as the ex-officio chairman of Rajya
sabha
• Fundamental rights
• Supreme court
• Provision of States
• Preamble
• Removal of SC and HC judges.

26. British
• Nominal Head-President
• Cabinet system of ministers
• Post of PM
• Parliamentary form of GOVT.
• Bicameral Parliament
• Lower house more powerful
• Speaker of Lok Sabha

27. Schedule,Parts,Articles
Schedule Contains
First Schedule Lists the states and territories of India
(also about their changes)
Second Schedule
Lists the salaries of officials holding public
office, Presidents, judges, and Comptroller
and Auditor General of India
Third Schedule Forms of oaths and Affirmations of offices
for elected officials including judges
Fourth Schedule Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (the
Upper House of Parliament) per State or
Union Territory
Fifth Schedule Provisions as to the Administration and
Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled
Tribes

28. Sixth Schedule Provisions as to the Administration of
Tribal Areas in the States of Assam,
Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram
Seventh Schedule The Union (central government), state,
and concurrent lists of responsibilities
Eight Schedule The Languages
Ninth Schedule Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Tenth Schedule "Anti-defection" provisions for the
Members of Parliament and the Members
of the State Legislatures
Eleventh Schedule Panchayat Raj (rural local government)
Twelfth Schedule Municipalities (urban local government)

29. Parts
Part Contains Articles
Part I Union and its Territory 1 to 4
Part II Citizenship 5 to 11
Part III Fundamental Rights 12 to 35
Part IV Directive Principles of State
Policy
36 to 51
Part IVA Fundamental Duties 51A
Part V The Union 52 to 151

30. Part VI The States 152 to 237
Part VII
States in the B part of the
First schedule (repealed by
7
th
Amendment)
Part VIII The Union Territories 239 to 242
Part IX The Panchayats 243 to 243O
Part IXA The Municipalities 243P to 243ZG
Part IXB The Co-operative Societies 243ZH to 243ZT
Part X The scheduled and Tribal
Areas
244 to 244A
Part XI Relations between the
Union and the States
245 to 263

31. Part XII Finance, Property,
Contracts and Suits
264 to 300A
Part XIII Trade and Commerce
within the territory of India
301 to 307
Part XIV Services Under the Union,
the States
308 to 323
Part XIVA Tribunals 323A to 323B
Part XV Elections 324 to 329A
Part XVI
Special Provisions Relating
to certain Classes
330 to 342
Part XVII Languages 343 to 351
Part XVIII Emergency Provisions 352 to 360

32. Part XIX Miscellaneous 361 to 367
Part XX Amendment of the
Constitution
368
Part XXI
Temporary, Transitional and
Special Provisions
369 to 392
Part XXII Short title, date of
commencement, etc.
393 to 395

33. Important Articles
1 Name and Territory of Union
3
New States Formation, Alteration of
Boundaries, etc.
13
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of
the Fundamental Rights
14
Equality before Law (popularly known as
Right to Equality)
15
Prohibition of Discrimination (on basis of
religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth)
16 Equality in case of Public Employment
17 Abolition of Untouchability

34. 18 Abolition of Titles
19
Protection of Certain Rights to Freedom (popularly known as Right to
Freedom)
19a Freedom of Speech & Expression
19b Right to Peaceful Assembly
19c Freedom of Association
19d Right to Move Freely through India
19e Freedom of Settlement & Residence
19f
(Omitted as a fundamental right – governed by article 300A.) Right to Own
Personal Property.
19g Freedom to Practise any Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
21 Right to Life and Personal Liberty

35. 21A Right to Education
23 Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour
24 Prohibition of Child Labour
25 Freedom to Practise & Propagate Religion Freely
29 Protection of Interests of Minorities
32 Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights including writs
44 Uniform Civil Code
50 Separation of Judiciary from Executive
51 Promotion of International Peace and Security
51A Fundamental Duties
72 Powers of President to Grant Pardons etc.

36. 76 Attorney-General of India
78 Duties of Prime Minister
85 Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution
93 The Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
100 Voting in Houses
105 Powers, Privileges, etc. of Members of Parliament
106 Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament
108 Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament
109
-
110
Money Bills
112 Budget
123 President’s Power to Promulgate Ordinance while Parliament in Recess
127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges in the Supreme Court

37. 139 Supreme Court’s Powers to Issue Certain Writs
141 Supreme Court’s Law Binding on All Courts
148-149 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
155 Appointment of Governor
161 Power of Governors to Grant Pardon etc.
165 Advocate-General for the State
167 Duties of Chief Minister
224 Appointment of Additional & Acting Judges in High Courts
224A Appointment of Retired Judges in High Courts
226 Power of High Courts to issue writs
280 Finance Commission
312 All India Services
324 Election Commission
335 SCs and STs claim to Services and Posts

38. 343 Official Language
352 National Emergency
356
President’s Rule in case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery in
States
360 Financial Emergency
368 Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution
370
Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and
Kashmir
392 Power of the President to remove difficulties

39. Contribution of Dr.B.R. Ambedkar
• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, also known as
Babasaheb Ambedkar, was an Indian jurist,
economist, politician and social reformer, who
inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and
campaigned against social discrimination
towards the untouchables.

40. • Born-Bhiva Ramji Sakpal
14 April 1891
Mhow, Central Provinces, British India
(present-day Bhim Janmabhoomi, Dr. Ambedkar
Nagar, Indore district, Madhya Pradesh, India)
• Died-6 December 1956 (aged 65)
Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial (Dr. Ambedkar
Parinirvan Bhoomi), Delhi, New Delhi, India
• Resting placeChaitya Bhoomi, Mumbai

41. • NationalityIndian
• Political party • Independent Labour
Party • Scheduled Castes Federation
• Other political affiliations • Republican Party of
India
• Spouse(s)Ramabai Ambedkar,Savita Ambedkar
• ChildrenYashwant Ambedkar
• Mother-Bhimabai Ramji Sakpal
• Father-Ramji Maloji Sakpal

42. Profession-
• Jurist
• economist
• academic
• politician
• social reformer
• anthropologist
• writer
Known for- Dalit rights movement
Drafting Constitution of India
Dalit Buddhist movement
Awards-Bharat Ratna(posthumously in 1990)

43. Educational qualifications of Dr.B R
Ambedkar
• 1 .Elementary Education, 1902 Satara, Maharashtra
• 2. Matriculation, 1907, Elphinstone High School, Bombay Persian etc.,
• 3. Inter 1909, Elphinstone College,Bombay
• 4. B.A, 1913, Elphinstone College, Bombay, University of Bombay, Economics & Political Science
• 5. M.A, 1915 Majoring in Economics and with Sociology, History Philosophy, Anthropology and
Politics as the other subjects of study.
• 6. Ph.D, 1917, Columbia University conferred a Degree of Ph.D.
• 7. MSc. 1921 June, London School of Economics, London. Thesis – ‘Provincial Decentralization of
Imperial Finance in British India’
• 8. Barrister-at- Law 30-9-1920 Gray’s Inn, London Law
• (1922-23, Spent some time in reading economics in the University of Bonn in Germany.)
• 9. DSc. 1923 Nov London School of Economics, London ‘The Problem of the Rupee – Its origin and
its solution’ was accepted for the degree of DSc. (Economics).
• 10. L.L.D (Honoris Causa) 5-6-1952 Columbia University, New York For HIS achievements,
Leadership and authoring the constitution of India
• 11. D.Litt (Honoris Causa) 12-1-1953 Osmania University, Hyderabad For HIS achievements,
Leadership and writing the constitution of India
• 12. NO 1 scholar in the World 13/9/2015 Columbia University , New York

44. Contribution
• In framing the constitution of independent India, he played a leading role.
He was appointed as the Chairman of the constitution drafting committee
in 1947.
• Ambedkar was a wise constitutional expert, he had studied the
constitutions of about 60 countries. Ambedkar is recognized as the
“Father of the Constitution of India”
• The text prepared by Ambedkar provided constitutional guarantees and
protections to individual citizens for a wide range of civil liberties,
including freedom of religion, the abolition of untouchability, and the
outlawing of all forms of discrimination.
• Ambedkar advocated extensive economic and social rights for women and
won the support of the Assembly to introduce a system of reservations for
members of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and Other Backward
Class in the civil services, schools, and colleges.
• He laid emphasis on religious, gender and caste equality. Even Ambedkar
recommended the adoption of Uniform Civil code to bring reform in the
Indian society.

45. Books written by Ambedkar
S.N. Books Publication
date
1. Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and
Development
1916
2. Mook Nayak (weekly) 1920
3. The Problem of the Rupee: its origin and its solution 1923
4. Bahishkrut Bharat (India Ostracized) 1927
5. Janta (weekly) 1930
6. The Annihilation of Caste 1936
7. Federation Versus Freedom 1939
8. Thoughts on Pakistan 1940
9. Ranade, Gandhi and Jinnah 1943
10. Mr. Gandhi and Emancipation of Untouchables 1943
11. What Congress and Gandhi have done to the
Untouchables
1945

46. 12. Pakistan Or Partition Of
India
1945
13. State and Minorities 1947
14. Who were the Shudras 1948
15. Maharashtra as a
Linguistic Province
1948
16. The Untouchables 1948
17. Buddha Or Karl Marx 1956
18. The Buddha and his
Dhamma
1957
19. Riddles in Hinduism 2008
20. Manu and the Shudras --

47. THANKYOU