Fundament of Public Administration, chapter 4 MPA 1st Sem notes

2. INTRODUCTION
• The term "machinery of government" describes the organizational
framework of the government.
• It refers to the structures of government and how they work.
• It includes the procedures of the government, such as the duties and
responsibilities of the departments and how they cooperate to produce
outcomes for the general populace.
• It includes the various branches of government, administrative bodies,
and agencies in charge of carrying out state functions and
implementing policies.
• Within a society, the machinery of government plays an important role
in maintaining order, making decisions, providing services, and
enforcing laws.

3. General Machinery of Government in Nepal

4. Structure of Machinery of Government in Nepal
President (Head of State)= executive Head
Prime Minister (Head of Government)= Head of Council of Ministers
Legislative Branch (elected representatives )
Executive (It includes the head of government, ministers, and various government
agencies.)
Judicial Branch (Courts and judges)
Constitutional Bodies
Bureaucracy (government officials and civil servants)
Elections and Political Parties
Constitution
Local Government
Public Services
Independent Bodies and Commissions

5. concept of separation of power
• The concept separation of power divided the power of government
into three branches namely
• Executive – Formulate and Implement law and policy
• Legislative – Make law
• Judiciary – Execute the Law and settle dispute

6. Context of Nepal
• the machinery of government in Nepal is characterized by a federal
democratic system.
• Nepal's political structure was significantly transformed after the
promulgation of the new constitution in 2015. The government
machinery in Nepal is divided into three tiers:
• the federal government,
• provincial governments,
• and local governments.

7. Federal Government:
• The President is the head of state and is elected by an electoral college.
• The Prime Minister is the head of government and is appointed by the
President. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party
with the majority in the lower house of the federal parliament.
• The Federal Parliament consists of two houses:
• The House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha): is the lower house and
comprises elected representatives from constituencies,
• The National Assembly (Rastriya Sabha): is the upper house, with members
elected by the provincial assemblies.
• The Federal Government is responsible for matters that fall under the
jurisdiction of the central government, including foreign affairs,
defense, finance, and other national-level policies.

8. Provincial Governments:
• Nepal is divided into seven provinces, each with its own provincial
government.
• Each province has a provincial assembly, and the members of the
assembly are elected by the people.
• The Chief Minister is the head of the provincial government and is
appointed by the Governor, who represents the President at the
provincial level.
• Provincial governments have authority over various matters specified in
the constitution, including education, health, agriculture, and local
infrastructure development.

9. Local Governments:
• Local governments in Nepal are responsible for the administration of
rural and urban areas.
• They consist of village councils (Gaunpalika), municipal councils
(Nagarpalika), and metropolitan councils (Mahalaxmi Sabhas)
• Local governments have their elected bodies, and these local
representatives are responsible for local-level development, public
services, and governance.

10. Conclusion
• Overall, the machinery of government is a fundamental aspect of
modern society, providing the framework through which nations can
govern themselves and progress toward a more inclusive, just, and
prosperous future.
• An effective and efficient machinery of government is essential for
ensuring the stability, prosperity, and well-being of a nation. It requires
transparency, accountability, and responsiveness to the needs and
aspirations of the citizens it serves. As societies evolve and face new
challenges, the machinery of government must also adapt, ensuring
that it remains relevant and capable of addressing the dynamic needs
of the population.