The document summarizes the key aspects of government as a social institution. It defines government as the institution that solves public conflicts and enables people to live together in an organized society. It then outlines the three branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial - and provides examples of positions and bodies within each branch at the national and local levels. The document also briefly defines and describes several forms of government including monarchy, democracy, totalitarianism, dictatorship, theocracy, and anarchy.

1. Government as a Social Institution
Prepared by:
Andrea Camille Estolonio
Jennylo Espigol

2. What is a Government?
• Is the institution which solves conflicts that are public in nature and involve
more than a few people.
• The SC defines government as the institution by which an independent society makes
and carries out those rules of action which are necessary to enable men to live in a
social state, or which are imposed upon the people for that society by those who
possess the power or authority of prescribing them.
Three Branches of Government
• Executive
• Legislative
• Judicial

3. EXECUTIVE
 The President of the Philippines administers the Executive Branch of our
government.
 The President enforces the laws that the Legislative Branch (Congress) makes. The
President is elected by Philippine citizens, 18 years of age and older, who vote in the
presidential elections in their states. These votes are tallied by states and form the
Electoral College system. States have the number of electoral votes which equal the
number of senators and representatives they have. It is possible to have the most
popular votes throughout the nation and NOT win the electoral vote of the Electoral
College.
EXECUTIVE POWER:
National government
• President
• Vice-President
• Cabinet Secretaries
Local government
• Provincial/Regional Governor
• Provincial/Regional Vice-Governor
• City/Municipal Mayor
• City/Municipal Vice-Mayor
• Barangay Captain/Barangay Upuan

4.  LEGISLATIVE
 The Legislative part of our government is called Congress. Congress makes our
laws. Congress is divided into 2 parts. One part is called the Senate. There are
100 Senators--2 from each of our states. Another part is called the House of
Representatives. Representatives meet together to discuss ideas and decide if
these ideas (bills) should become laws. There are 435 Representatives. The
number of representatives each state gets is determined by its population. Some
states have just 2 representatives. Others have as many as 40.
 Both senators and representatives are elected by the eligible voters in their
states.
Legislative Power:
National Government
• Senate
• House of Representatives
Local Government
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan
• Regional Legislative Assembly
• Sangguniang Panlungsod
• Sangguniang Bayan
• Sangguniang Barangay

5.  JUDICIAL
 The Judicial part of our federal government includes the Supreme Court and 9
Justices. They are special judges who interpret laws according to the Constitution. These
justices only hear cases that pertain to issues related to the Constitution. They are the
highest court in our country. The federal judicial system also has lower courts located in
each state to hear cases involving federal issues.
Lower Collegiate Courts:
• Court of Appeals
• Court of Tax Appeals
• Sandiganbayan
Regular Courts:
• Regional Trial Courts
• Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
Muslim Courts
• Sharia District Courts
• Sharia Circuit Courts
OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN
• The government and all three of its branches are independently monitored by the office
of the Ombudsman

6. • The Ombudsman is assisted by six
deputies: the Overall Deputy, the Deputy
for Luzon, the Deputy for Visayas, the
Deputy for Mindanao, the Deputy for the
Armed Forces, and the Special Prosecutor.

7. TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

8. MONARCHY
• A monarchy is a country that is ruled by a monarch,
and monarchy is this system or form of government.
• A monarch, such as a king or queen, rules a kingdom or empire. In
a constitutional monarchy, the monarch's power is limited by a
constitution. But in an absolute monarchy, the monarch has
unlimited power. Monarchy is an old form of government, and the
word has been around a long time. It derives from
Greek monarkhiā, from monarkhos "monarch."

9. Power in Monarchy
• Absolute monarchy: the monarch rules as an
autocrat, with absolute power over the state and
government.
• Constitutional monarchy: the monarch is subject
to a constitution. The monarch serves as a
ceremonial figurehead symbol of national unity and
state continuity. The monarch is nominally sovereign
but the electorate, through their
parliament/legislature, exercise usually limited
political sovereignty.

10. DEMOCRACY
• A political system that gives power to the
people as a whole.
• Originates from the Greek word
dēmokratía – “rule of the people”.
• This system allows people to choose
their leaders.

11. Totalitarianism
• Government controls every aspect of life.

12. Dictatorship
• A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of
government, characterized by a single leader
or group of leaders with either no party or a
weak party, little mass mobilization, and
limited political pluralism.

13. Theocracy
• Theocracy is a form of government in which a
deity is the source from which all authority
derives. The Oxford English Dictionary has this
definition: 1. a system of government in which
priests rule in the name of God or a god

14. Anarchy
• Anarchy is the type of government where
there is no government at all. Every person is
left to fight for themselves. People must
continue to live through farming on their own
land, find water, and build a home on there
own. No one tells you what to do and there is
no voting.