The document provides an overview of the presidency, including the president's roles and qualifications, presidential succession, the selection process, and the electoral college. It covers sections from a chapter on the presidency, with each section summarizing key points on a topic and including review questions. The sections discuss the original provisions in the Constitution for selecting the president, how political parties changed this process, the role of conventions and primaries in nominations, and flaws in the current electoral college system.
The document provides an overview of Chapter 4 of Magruder's American Government, which covers the topic of federalism. It includes 3 sections: Section 1 discusses federalism and the division of power between the national and state governments. Section 2 covers the relationship between the national government and the 50 states, including state admission and areas of cooperation. Section 3 examines interstate relations through interstate compacts, full faith and credit, extradition, and privileges and immunities.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on American government. It covers the powers of Congress as laid out in the US Constitution. The chapter is divided into 5 sections. Section 1 discusses the different types of congressional powers - expressed, implied, and inherent - as well as debates over strict vs liberal interpretations of these powers. Section 2 focuses on Congress's powers related to taxation, spending, commerce, currency and bankruptcy. Section 3 covers other expressed powers like foreign relations, war powers, and regulation of territories. Section 4 examines the Necessary and Proper Clause and Supreme Court cases that have shaped the implied powers of Congress. Section 5 discusses non-legislative powers such as amending the Constitution, impeachment, executive powers like
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 19 on individual rights and liberties from the US Constitution. It discusses the following main points:
1) The Bill of Rights and later amendments expanded protections for individual freedoms against government overreach.
2) Rights are balanced and limited to prevent infringing on others, with tensions arising around issues like freedom of speech versus fair trials.
3) Religious freedom is protected through non-establishment and free exercise clauses, though debates continue around school prayer and funding private religious schools.
4) Other freedoms like speech, press, assembly, and petition allow open debate but have reasonable limits for issues like sedition, obscenity or trespassing on private property
The document outlines the process that a bill goes through in Congress, beginning with its introduction in the House of Representatives, referral to committee, and potential scheduling of debate on the House floor. It describes the roles of standing committees, select committees, and conference committees. The summary also explains the initial steps a bill takes and common outcomes in committee before advancing to a floor vote in the House.
This document is a chapter from an American government textbook. It discusses the key concepts of government, including definitions of government and the state. It also outlines different forms of government classified by who can participate, the distribution of power, and the relationship between legislative and executive branches. Additionally, it covers the basic foundations of democracy and the connections between democracy and free enterprise systems. The chapter is divided into three main sections on these topics.
The document summarizes the key events in the origins of American government from the colonial period through the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how the colonists brought concepts of limited and representative government from England. It then covers the growing tensions with Britain, the American Revolution, the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, including compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention.
The document provides an overview of Chapter 15 from Magruder's American Government textbook, which discusses the bureaucracy of the US government. It covers the major sections of the federal bureaucracy including the executive departments, independent agencies, Executive Office of the President, and civil service. It also defines what a bureaucracy is and explains the differences between staff and line agencies as well as independent executive agencies and regulatory commissions.
The document is a chapter from a textbook about the American presidency that is divided into 4 sections. Section 1 discusses the growth of presidential power over time. Section 2 covers the president's executive powers such as executing laws, issuing executive orders, and appointing officials. Section 3 examines diplomatic powers like making treaties and military powers as commander-in-chief. Section 4 looks at legislative powers like recommending laws and vetoing bills, as well as judicial powers.
The document provides an overview of Chapter 4 of Magruder's American Government, which covers the topic of federalism. It includes 3 sections: Section 1 discusses federalism and the division of power between the national and state governments. Section 2 covers the relationship between the national government and the 50 states, including state admission and areas of cooperation. Section 3 examines interstate relations through interstate compacts, full faith and credit, extradition, and privileges and immunities.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on American government. It covers the powers of Congress as laid out in the US Constitution. The chapter is divided into 5 sections. Section 1 discusses the different types of congressional powers - expressed, implied, and inherent - as well as debates over strict vs liberal interpretations of these powers. Section 2 focuses on Congress's powers related to taxation, spending, commerce, currency and bankruptcy. Section 3 covers other expressed powers like foreign relations, war powers, and regulation of territories. Section 4 examines the Necessary and Proper Clause and Supreme Court cases that have shaped the implied powers of Congress. Section 5 discusses non-legislative powers such as amending the Constitution, impeachment, executive powers like
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 19 on individual rights and liberties from the US Constitution. It discusses the following main points:
1) The Bill of Rights and later amendments expanded protections for individual freedoms against government overreach.
2) Rights are balanced and limited to prevent infringing on others, with tensions arising around issues like freedom of speech versus fair trials.
3) Religious freedom is protected through non-establishment and free exercise clauses, though debates continue around school prayer and funding private religious schools.
4) Other freedoms like speech, press, assembly, and petition allow open debate but have reasonable limits for issues like sedition, obscenity or trespassing on private property
The document outlines the process that a bill goes through in Congress, beginning with its introduction in the House of Representatives, referral to committee, and potential scheduling of debate on the House floor. It describes the roles of standing committees, select committees, and conference committees. The summary also explains the initial steps a bill takes and common outcomes in committee before advancing to a floor vote in the House.
This document is a chapter from an American government textbook. It discusses the key concepts of government, including definitions of government and the state. It also outlines different forms of government classified by who can participate, the distribution of power, and the relationship between legislative and executive branches. Additionally, it covers the basic foundations of democracy and the connections between democracy and free enterprise systems. The chapter is divided into three main sections on these topics.
The document summarizes the key events in the origins of American government from the colonial period through the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how the colonists brought concepts of limited and representative government from England. It then covers the growing tensions with Britain, the American Revolution, the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, including compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention.
The document provides an overview of Chapter 15 from Magruder's American Government textbook, which discusses the bureaucracy of the US government. It covers the major sections of the federal bureaucracy including the executive departments, independent agencies, Executive Office of the President, and civil service. It also defines what a bureaucracy is and explains the differences between staff and line agencies as well as independent executive agencies and regulatory commissions.
The document is a chapter from a textbook about the American presidency that is divided into 4 sections. Section 1 discusses the growth of presidential power over time. Section 2 covers the president's executive powers such as executing laws, issuing executive orders, and appointing officials. Section 3 examines diplomatic powers like making treaties and military powers as commander-in-chief. Section 4 looks at legislative powers like recommending laws and vetoing bills, as well as judicial powers.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Magruder's American Government titled "Voters and Voter Behavior". It is divided into 4 sections that discuss the history and expansion of voting rights in the United States, current voter qualifications, the impact of civil rights legislation and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and factors that influence voter behavior such as reasons for not voting, sociological influences, and psychological influences like party identification.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Magruder's American Government on political parties. It is divided into 5 sections that discuss: 1) what parties are and their functions, 2) the two-party system in the US, 3) the history of parties in the US, 4) minor parties, and 5) party organization. The chapter explains that political parties seek to control government by winning elections, the US has historically had a two-party system, and the first parties were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, followed by periods of dominance by the Democrats and Republicans. It also outlines the roles of minor parties and how the major parties have a decentralized structure at the national, state, and local levels.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of members of Congress. It provides background on the 107th Congress, noting the typical age, education level, and occupations of its members. It also outlines the main duties of Congress, which include making laws, overseeing the executive branch, and representing constituents. Members of Congress are compensated with a salary and have access to certain privileges. They may see their roles as trustees of the people, delegates of their constituents, partisans of their political party, or politicos who combine elements of these approaches.
The document is a chapter from an American government textbook about US foreign policy and national defense. It is divided into 4 sections. Section 1 discusses the State Department, foreign policy definition, and military departments. Section 2 covers agencies like the CIA, NASA, and INS. Section 3 provides an overview of American foreign policy from isolationism to collective security and deterrence during the Cold War. Section 4 examines foreign aid and US security alliances like NATO.
Chapters 3 & 4 Constitution and Federalismgrieffel
The document discusses the key principles of the US Constitution including popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, and judicial review. It also covers federalism and the division of powers between the national and state governments. The Constitution has 7 articles that establish the legislative, executive, and judicial branches and set forth their powers and responsibilities. There are also 27 amendments, with the first 10 known as the Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic freedoms. The Constitution can be formally amended through two methods of proposal and two methods of ratification. It can also be informally amended over time through legislation, executive actions, Supreme Court decisions, political parties, and customs.
The document provides an overview of the federal court system in the United States. It discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the different levels of federal courts, including:
- District courts, which are the federal trial courts that handle around 80% of federal cases. There are 94 district courts serving the 50 states and U.S. territories.
- Courts of appeals, of which there are 13, that hear appeals from district courts and special courts.
- The Court of International Trade, which tries civil cases related to U.S. trade laws.
It also outlines the roles of judges, magistrates, U.S. attorneys, and other court officers in the federal court system.
The document summarizes key points about interest groups from a civics textbook chapter. It discusses the nature of interest groups, their role in influencing policy, and comparisons with political parties. It also outlines major types of interest groups based on economic interests or causes, and how groups work to influence public opinion, elections, and policymaking through lobbying.
This document provides an overview of chapter 7 from the textbook "Magruder's American Government" which discusses the electoral process. Section 1 covers the nominating process, explaining that candidates are typically nominated through direct primaries, caucuses, conventions, or petitions. Section 2 discusses elections, including how they are administered, the role of precincts and polling places, and methods of casting ballots. Section 3 examines the role of money in elections, outlining sources of campaign funding and regulations, as well as existing loopholes in campaign finance laws.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the United States Congress, including:
1) Congress is made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, for historical, practical, and theoretical reasons.
2) The House has 435 members who serve 2-year terms. The Senate has 100 members, with 2 senators from each state who serve 6-year terms.
3) As legislators, members of Congress represent constituents, oversee government agencies, and introduce and vote on proposed laws and legislation.
The Congress has three types of powers - expressed, implied, and inherent. Expressed powers include regulating commerce, taxation, borrowing, and currency. Implied powers allow Congress to pass laws necessary to exercise its expressed powers. Inherent powers derive from the US being a sovereign nation. Key powers include declaring war, creating courts and laws, impeachment, and treaties.
The document discusses several key aspects of public opinion in the United States, including:
1) Public opinion is difficult to define because there are many groups and many issues to account for.
2) Factors like family, schools, peer groups, media, and historic events influence the development of political opinions over time.
3) Polls are considered the best measure of public opinion, though they are not perfect and public opinion is not the only influence on policy.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 1 from Magruder's American Government textbook. It covers three main sections: (1) principles of government, (2) forms of government, and (3) basic concepts of democracy. Key points include definitions of government and the state, different systems of government classified by participation and power distribution, and foundations of democracy such as individual freedom and compromise.
The document outlines the six basic principles of the US Constitution: popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism. It also discusses the two methods of amending the Constitution - formal amendments that change the written text, which require approval from Congress and state legislatures or conventions, and informal amendments through legislation, executive action, court decisions, political parties, and customs that change how the government operates without altering the text.
This document provides an overview of the US national judiciary system. It discusses the creation of the federal court system and outlines the main court structures, including the Supreme Court, district courts, courts of appeals, and special courts like the Court of Federal Claims. It covers the appointment and roles of federal judges, as well as the jurisdiction and procedures of the different court levels. Key points include that the Constitution established the Supreme Court while Congress determines lower federal courts, and that federal judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate.
this presentation gives the basic idea about the key features about the constitution of The United States of America. it also talks about the Father's of The Constitution Making. it provides basic facts about the US constitution - date it was made, etc.
The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the US federal court system. It explains that the Constitution created the Supreme Court and authorized Congress to establish lower federal courts. It describes the types of federal courts and outlines the criteria for federal court jurisdiction over subject matter and parties. It also summarizes how federal judges are appointed, their terms, salaries, and removal from office.
The document discusses the federal bureaucracy in the United States. It defines bureaucracy as an administrative system run by nonelected officials divided into departments. The federal bureaucracy has over 4 million employees across 200+ agencies and 15 cabinet departments. It is responsible for implementing laws, administering programs, and regulating various industries. The bureaucracy is organized hierarchically and overseen by the president, Congress, and courts to ensure it operates within legal and constitutional bounds.
I use a flip chart for the 7 Principles that the kids make and can take notes on. There are diagrams on some of the slides too. Definitions are included on every slide along with examples of each principle.
The Executive Branch is headed by the President and includes the Vice President and Cabinet. The President has many roles including chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, and chief of state. The Cabinet consists of heads of executive departments who advise the President and run their departments. Other parts of the Executive Branch include independent agencies, regulatory commissions, and government corporations that carry out specific functions.
The document summarizes key facts about the United States Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It established the three branches of government and was influenced by several historical documents promoting ideas like separation of powers and individual rights. While some limitations on government power were put in place, the Constitution is still seen as highly relevant today for establishing the foundational framework and principles of American democracy.
The document outlines the role and functions of the federal bureaucracy in implementing public policy, including how it is organized into departments and agencies, how it develops regulations, collects taxes and spends money to execute laws. It also discusses how the bureaucracy is controlled by the executive and legislative branches and ways that citizens can influence the public policy process, such as by joining interest groups. The federal bureaucracy aims to translate public policy into action but faces challenges in effectiveness and public confidence.
The document discusses the roles and qualifications of the US presidency. It outlines the seven main roles of the president as chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, and chief citizen. It notes the three constitutional qualifications to be president: being at least 35 years old, a natural born US citizen, and having lived in the US for at least 14 years. It also discusses presidential terms, succession, disability, and the role and qualifications of the vice president.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Magruder's American Government titled "Voters and Voter Behavior". It is divided into 4 sections that discuss the history and expansion of voting rights in the United States, current voter qualifications, the impact of civil rights legislation and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and factors that influence voter behavior such as reasons for not voting, sociological influences, and psychological influences like party identification.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Magruder's American Government on political parties. It is divided into 5 sections that discuss: 1) what parties are and their functions, 2) the two-party system in the US, 3) the history of parties in the US, 4) minor parties, and 5) party organization. The chapter explains that political parties seek to control government by winning elections, the US has historically had a two-party system, and the first parties were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, followed by periods of dominance by the Democrats and Republicans. It also outlines the roles of minor parties and how the major parties have a decentralized structure at the national, state, and local levels.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of members of Congress. It provides background on the 107th Congress, noting the typical age, education level, and occupations of its members. It also outlines the main duties of Congress, which include making laws, overseeing the executive branch, and representing constituents. Members of Congress are compensated with a salary and have access to certain privileges. They may see their roles as trustees of the people, delegates of their constituents, partisans of their political party, or politicos who combine elements of these approaches.
The document is a chapter from an American government textbook about US foreign policy and national defense. It is divided into 4 sections. Section 1 discusses the State Department, foreign policy definition, and military departments. Section 2 covers agencies like the CIA, NASA, and INS. Section 3 provides an overview of American foreign policy from isolationism to collective security and deterrence during the Cold War. Section 4 examines foreign aid and US security alliances like NATO.
Chapters 3 & 4 Constitution and Federalismgrieffel
The document discusses the key principles of the US Constitution including popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, and judicial review. It also covers federalism and the division of powers between the national and state governments. The Constitution has 7 articles that establish the legislative, executive, and judicial branches and set forth their powers and responsibilities. There are also 27 amendments, with the first 10 known as the Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic freedoms. The Constitution can be formally amended through two methods of proposal and two methods of ratification. It can also be informally amended over time through legislation, executive actions, Supreme Court decisions, political parties, and customs.
The document provides an overview of the federal court system in the United States. It discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the different levels of federal courts, including:
- District courts, which are the federal trial courts that handle around 80% of federal cases. There are 94 district courts serving the 50 states and U.S. territories.
- Courts of appeals, of which there are 13, that hear appeals from district courts and special courts.
- The Court of International Trade, which tries civil cases related to U.S. trade laws.
It also outlines the roles of judges, magistrates, U.S. attorneys, and other court officers in the federal court system.
The document summarizes key points about interest groups from a civics textbook chapter. It discusses the nature of interest groups, their role in influencing policy, and comparisons with political parties. It also outlines major types of interest groups based on economic interests or causes, and how groups work to influence public opinion, elections, and policymaking through lobbying.
This document provides an overview of chapter 7 from the textbook "Magruder's American Government" which discusses the electoral process. Section 1 covers the nominating process, explaining that candidates are typically nominated through direct primaries, caucuses, conventions, or petitions. Section 2 discusses elections, including how they are administered, the role of precincts and polling places, and methods of casting ballots. Section 3 examines the role of money in elections, outlining sources of campaign funding and regulations, as well as existing loopholes in campaign finance laws.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the United States Congress, including:
1) Congress is made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, for historical, practical, and theoretical reasons.
2) The House has 435 members who serve 2-year terms. The Senate has 100 members, with 2 senators from each state who serve 6-year terms.
3) As legislators, members of Congress represent constituents, oversee government agencies, and introduce and vote on proposed laws and legislation.
The Congress has three types of powers - expressed, implied, and inherent. Expressed powers include regulating commerce, taxation, borrowing, and currency. Implied powers allow Congress to pass laws necessary to exercise its expressed powers. Inherent powers derive from the US being a sovereign nation. Key powers include declaring war, creating courts and laws, impeachment, and treaties.
The document discusses several key aspects of public opinion in the United States, including:
1) Public opinion is difficult to define because there are many groups and many issues to account for.
2) Factors like family, schools, peer groups, media, and historic events influence the development of political opinions over time.
3) Polls are considered the best measure of public opinion, though they are not perfect and public opinion is not the only influence on policy.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 1 from Magruder's American Government textbook. It covers three main sections: (1) principles of government, (2) forms of government, and (3) basic concepts of democracy. Key points include definitions of government and the state, different systems of government classified by participation and power distribution, and foundations of democracy such as individual freedom and compromise.
The document outlines the six basic principles of the US Constitution: popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism. It also discusses the two methods of amending the Constitution - formal amendments that change the written text, which require approval from Congress and state legislatures or conventions, and informal amendments through legislation, executive action, court decisions, political parties, and customs that change how the government operates without altering the text.
This document provides an overview of the US national judiciary system. It discusses the creation of the federal court system and outlines the main court structures, including the Supreme Court, district courts, courts of appeals, and special courts like the Court of Federal Claims. It covers the appointment and roles of federal judges, as well as the jurisdiction and procedures of the different court levels. Key points include that the Constitution established the Supreme Court while Congress determines lower federal courts, and that federal judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate.
this presentation gives the basic idea about the key features about the constitution of The United States of America. it also talks about the Father's of The Constitution Making. it provides basic facts about the US constitution - date it was made, etc.
The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the US federal court system. It explains that the Constitution created the Supreme Court and authorized Congress to establish lower federal courts. It describes the types of federal courts and outlines the criteria for federal court jurisdiction over subject matter and parties. It also summarizes how federal judges are appointed, their terms, salaries, and removal from office.
The document discusses the federal bureaucracy in the United States. It defines bureaucracy as an administrative system run by nonelected officials divided into departments. The federal bureaucracy has over 4 million employees across 200+ agencies and 15 cabinet departments. It is responsible for implementing laws, administering programs, and regulating various industries. The bureaucracy is organized hierarchically and overseen by the president, Congress, and courts to ensure it operates within legal and constitutional bounds.
I use a flip chart for the 7 Principles that the kids make and can take notes on. There are diagrams on some of the slides too. Definitions are included on every slide along with examples of each principle.
The Executive Branch is headed by the President and includes the Vice President and Cabinet. The President has many roles including chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, and chief of state. The Cabinet consists of heads of executive departments who advise the President and run their departments. Other parts of the Executive Branch include independent agencies, regulatory commissions, and government corporations that carry out specific functions.
The document summarizes key facts about the United States Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It established the three branches of government and was influenced by several historical documents promoting ideas like separation of powers and individual rights. While some limitations on government power were put in place, the Constitution is still seen as highly relevant today for establishing the foundational framework and principles of American democracy.
The document outlines the role and functions of the federal bureaucracy in implementing public policy, including how it is organized into departments and agencies, how it develops regulations, collects taxes and spends money to execute laws. It also discusses how the bureaucracy is controlled by the executive and legislative branches and ways that citizens can influence the public policy process, such as by joining interest groups. The federal bureaucracy aims to translate public policy into action but faces challenges in effectiveness and public confidence.
The document discusses the roles and qualifications of the US presidency. It outlines the seven main roles of the president as chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, and chief citizen. It notes the three constitutional qualifications to be president: being at least 35 years old, a natural born US citizen, and having lived in the US for at least 14 years. It also discusses presidential terms, succession, disability, and the role and qualifications of the vice president.
The document summarizes Chapter 9 (Interest Groups) from an American government textbook. It covers three sections: (1) the nature of interest groups and how they influence policy; (2) the different types of interest groups based on economic interests, causes, and membership; (3) how interest groups influence public opinion, political parties, elections, and policy through lobbying.
The document defines key economic concepts:
1) Economics studies how people make choices to satisfy unlimited wants with scarce resources. Scarcity occurs when resources cannot meet all needs and desires.
2) The three factors of production are land, labor, and capital. Land includes natural resources, labor is human effort, and capital consists of tools and machines.
3) A production possibilities frontier on a graph shows the maximum possible output combinations of two goods an economy can produce with limited resources.
This document contains questions and answers about configuring and troubleshooting Novell IPX and Cisco IOS commands. It covers topics like IPX encapsulation types, debugging IPX routing updates, monitoring IPX traffic, finding Novell servers, IPX delay settings, enabling multiple encapsulations on one interface, IPX load sharing, and preventing SAP flooding. The questions provide explanations of concepts like how Cisco routers handle forwarding SAPs and building SAP tables to advertise services to other networks.
This document outlines the presidency, including the constitutional foundations and roles of the president, controversies surrounding executive power, functions of the White House staff and executive branch offices, roles of the president, sources of conflict with Congress, and factors that influence judgments of presidents. It discusses the separation of powers, evolution of presidential power, and managing the modern presidency within the executive branch. The main roles of the president discussed are as chief executive, commander-in-chief, chief diplomat, administrator, and agenda setter through public persuasion.
The document discusses the two-party system of American politics. It provides historical context for how the two-party system emerged and has been maintained over time through features of the electoral system like single-member districts and winner-take-all rules. While the two parties find ways to agree, the system discourages third parties and maintains an ideological consensus at the moderate center, though there have been times of deep division in the US. The document also contrasts the two-party system with multiparty systems in other countries.
The Electoral College was established in 1787 to provide an indirect election of the President and Vice President by citizens voting for electors who then vote for the candidates. It was a compromise between having Congress decide or a popular vote. The number of electors each state has equals its Congressional representation. Most states use a winner-take-all system. Critics argue it can result in a candidate losing the national popular vote but winning the Electoral College.
The document summarizes key events and outcomes of the War of 1812. It discusses the causes of the war, including British impressment of American sailors and desire for western expansion. It then outlines economic troubles in the U.S. at the time and mentions important figures. Finally, it states that although the U.S. did not conquer Canada, the war resulted in ending impressment and British ties with Native Americans, allowing for western expansion, which set the foundation for America's future.
The document outlines the many roles and responsibilities of the U.S. President, including as chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, chief legislator, chief of party, and chief citizen. It also discusses the presidential succession line and qualifications for the presidency. The vice presidency is described as generally an unimportant position. The selection process for president involves primaries, conventions, and the electoral college, which some argue against due to the possibility of someone winning the popular vote but losing the electoral college.
The executive branch implements and enforces laws passed by Congress to reflect the will of the American people. It is the largest branch of government at both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, the President is the head of the executive branch and holds multiple roles, including chief of state, chief executive, commander-in-chief, and chief legislator. The President works with Congress to enact legislation and represents the interests of all Americans.
Political parties in the US have become weaker over time. They were disliked by the founders but grew in importance during the Jacksonian era. However, reforms introduced by progressives curtailed parties' power and influence. This weakened parties and made them less able to hold officeholders accountable. Additionally, the federal system and state laws regulating parties have decentralized power and further weakened them. Now, candidates are chosen through primaries rather than being selected by party leaders. While parties still provide labels and organizations, their ability to coordinate across branches of government has declined.
The document discusses the qualifications and roles of the President and Vice President of the United States. It outlines both the constitutional qualifications to be President, such as being a natural born citizen over 35 years old, as well as common informal qualifications like having a college education or prior government experience. It also examines the various roles Presidents play as chief of state, commander-in-chief, party leader, and foreign policy leader. Similarly, it outlines the Vice President's qualifications and roles as president of the Senate and successor to the President.
This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing public policy in the United States. It covers the different types of interest groups, their incentives for joining, their activities like lobbying and fundraising, and debates around their influence on politics. Some key points include that interest groups seek to influence policy in many areas left open by the constitution and weak parties, they represent both institutional and individual membership interests, and their ability to influence policy debates is complex with both benefits and risks of bias.
The document discusses the evolution of Congress and its structure and processes. It describes how Congress was intended to balance power between large and small states through a bicameral system. Over time, struggles for power occurred between congressional leaders and members. The House and Senate developed different power structures and processes, with the Senate facing fewer tensions. Membership in Congress has become more diverse and incumbent reelection rates remain high due to name recognition advantages. The document outlines the role of committees, parties, and staff in Congress and how a bill becomes law.
The document discusses several key aspects of the US judiciary system:
1) It describes the concept of judicial review and how the federal courts have the power to rule on the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.
2) It outlines the development of the federal court system from the Founding Era to present day and how the role of the courts has expanded over time.
3) It discusses important Supreme Court cases that established principles like national supremacy of federal law and the Court's changing approach to economic and civil rights issues over different time periods.
The document outlines the process of the U.S. electoral college system. It shows two candidates receiving votes from electors in each state, with the candidate getting the most popular votes in a state receiving all of that state's electors. It then depicts the 2000 presidential election results, where George W. Bush received 271 electoral votes to Al Gore's 266 electoral votes, despite Gore receiving the most total nationwide popular votes.
Citizens do not directly vote for the President. Instead, their votes go toward electors in their state, and the candidate needs 270 of the 538 total electoral votes to win. If no candidate receives a majority, the House selects the President and the Senate selects the Vice President. The electoral college system is said to elect quality leaders, orient elections around states, and amplify majorities and minorities.
The document discusses the growth of presidential power in the United States over time. It explains that presidents have accumulated more authority due to factors like the need for decisive emergency action and the increasing complexity of the economy and technology. Congress has also strengthened the presidency on various occasions. The core executive powers of the president outlined in the document include enforcing the law, appointing officials, conducting diplomacy and commanding the military, as well as certain legislative functions like proposing laws and vetoing bills. Critics argue some presidents have become too isolated and unaccountable in their use of executive authority.
This chapter discusses the roles and qualifications of the President of the United States. It describes the President's roles as chief of state, chief executive, commander-in-chief, and others. The qualifications to be President are outlined in the Constitution - one must be at least 35 years old, a natural born citizen of the US, and have lived in the US for at least 14 years. The chapter also covers the electoral college process, presidential nominations, succession, and debates around potential reforms to the electoral college system.
The document discusses the electoral college system for electing the US president. It outlines some flaws in the current system, such as the possibility of a candidate winning the popular vote but losing the electoral college. It also discusses some proposed reforms, including allocating electoral votes proportionally based on the state's popular vote or abolishing the electoral college in favor of a direct national popular vote. Supporters of the electoral college argue it defines a clear winner and is a known, established process compared to untested reforms.
This document discusses the roles and qualifications of the U.S. President. It outlines the President's roles as chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, and chief citizen. The qualifications to be President are outlined as being at least 35 years old, a natural born U.S. citizen, and a 14 year resident of the United States. The document also discusses presidential terms in office, succession, the vice presidency, the framers' plan for electing the president, the nomination process, and the presidential election.
This document summarizes key powers of the US presidency as outlined in Chapter 14. It discusses how presidential power has grown over time due to champions of a strong executive prevailing, complex social issues requiring federal action, and laws passed by Congress expanding the role of the federal government. The nature of the presidency depends on how each President views the powers of the office. Key powers include executing federal laws, issuing executive orders, appointing officials, making treaties, recognizing foreign governments, serving as commander-in-chief of the military, recommending and vetoing legislation, and granting pardons and reprieves.
The President has many roles including chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, chief of party, and chief citizen. The Constitution requires the President to be at least 35 years old, a natural born U.S. citizen, and a resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years. Originally there were no term limits for President, but an amendment now limits Presidents to two elected terms or one if assuming the presidency mid-term. The President currently earns $400,000 annually plus benefits like living in the White House and use of Air Force One.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of the President related to energy policy, including serving as chief diplomat, chief legislator, and party chief to advocate for new energy alternatives and laws to address America's dependence on oil. It also covers the qualifications for the presidency, terms of office, the line of succession, and the origins of the electoral college system for selecting the President.
The document discusses the history and powers of the US presidency. It covers the roots of the office in the Constitution, the qualifications and terms for president, and the powers granted like commander-in-chief. It also examines how the power of the presidency has grown over time, with the expansion of the White House staff and use of media. Modern presidents play an active role in both domestic and foreign policymaking while also acting as a symbol for the nation.
The document discusses the presidential nomination process in the United States. It explains that political parties hold national conventions where delegates vote to select the party's candidates for president and vice president. Primaries and caucuses are used to select these delegates, with more than half of states holding preference primaries where voters express a preference for a candidate. The national conventions also adopt the party's platform and bring factions of the party together. Experience as a governor or senator helps in the nomination process, as does being from a larger state. An incumbent president seeking re-election is almost guaranteed the nomination.
The document outlines the structure and powers of the Executive Branch of the US government, including that it is headed by the President and includes the Vice President, Cabinet, and regulatory agencies. It describes the roles and qualifications of the President, as well as the powers and limitations of the office, including roles as Chief of State, Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, and Chief Legislator. The document also discusses the Executive Office of the President, executive departments, independent agencies, and the election and inauguration processes.
The document provides an overview of the powers and roles of the President of the United States, including both expressed powers in the Constitution as well as informal powers that have expanded over time. It discusses the President's constitutional qualifications, powers as Commander-in-Chief, ability to negotiate treaties and make appointments, as well as informal powers like issuing executive orders and agreements. The document also examines the growth of the President's informal powers in the modern era and roles within the executive branch like leading the Cabinet and Office of the President.
The Presidency - Qualifications, Powers and RolesMelissa
The document provides an overview of the powers and roles of the President of the United States, including both expressed powers in the Constitution as well as informal powers that have expanded over time. It discusses the President's role as Commander in Chief, chief executive, and head of state. The document also examines the President's cabinet, staff, and relationship with Congress.
The document outlines the duties and qualifications of the President and Vice President of the United States. It discusses that the President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, appoints officials with Senate approval, enforces laws, and has lawmaking power. It also notes the qualifications to be President include being a natural born citizen over 35 who has lived in the US for 14+ years. The document then briefly discusses presidential succession and the clarification brought by the 25th Amendment before outlining the Vice President's roles of presiding over the Senate and determining presidential disability.
The document discusses the structure and powers of the executive branch of the US government. It outlines the roles and qualifications of the President, as well as terms and salary. It also describes the various roles of the President including as chief of state, chief executive, commander in chief, and chief legislator. The document further explains the executive office of the president and the 15 executive departments. It concludes by mentioning independent agencies that operate outside of the cabinet structure.
The document outlines the duties and qualifications of the President and Vice President of the United States. The President has powers as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, appoints officials with Senate approval, enforces laws, and can propose legislation. The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born US citizen over 35 who has lived in the US for at least 14 years. In response to Kennedy's assassination, the 25th Amendment clarified presidential succession and disability rules. The Vice President presides over the Senate and determines presidential disability under the 25th Amendment.
The document discusses the qualifications, powers, and roles of the US President as outlined in the Constitution and subsequent amendments. It describes the three main qualifications to be President as being a natural born citizen, at least 35 years old, and a 14 year resident of the US. It also discusses the President's roles as chief of state, commander-in-chief, head of government, and leader of their political party. The executive branch helps the President carry out their duties through various executive departments, agencies, and offices.
The document outlines a chapter about the American presidency. It includes sections on presidential powers, how the president runs the government, presidential leadership of Congress, the president's role in national security, and relations with the public and press. Learning objectives are provided for each section, covering topics like the president's constitutional powers, roles of cabinet members and White House staff, sources of the president's influence over Congress, and management of national security issues.
The document outlines a chapter about the American presidency. It includes sections on presidential powers, how the president runs the government, presidential leadership of Congress, the president's role in national security, and relations with the public and press. Learning objectives are provided for each section, covering topics like the president's constitutional powers, roles of cabinet members and White House staff, sources of the president's influence over Congress, and management of national security issues.
The document discusses the various offices within the Executive Branch of the US government. It outlines the roles of the President, Vice President, White House Office, Executive Office, Cabinet, and Independent Agencies and Commissions. It provides examples of the major roles and responsibilities of each office.
The document discusses the qualifications, roles, and responsibilities of the President and Vice President of the United States. The President must be at least 35 years old, a natural born US citizen, and a resident of the country for at least 14 years. Some of the President's main roles include serving as head of state, chief executive, commander-in-chief of the military, chief diplomat, and leader of their political party. The Vice President's main duties are to succeed the President if necessary and serve as President of the Senate.
The document outlines the roles and powers of the American presidency. It discusses the expectations and qualifications for the president, how presidents gain office through elections or succession, and the various roles they play, including as chief of state, chief executive, commander-in-chief, legislative leader, party head, and chief citizen. It also examines how presidents work to run the government and oversee the vast federal bureaucracy as chief administrator.
The Legislative Branch creates laws through Congress, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has two senators per state who serve six-year terms, while the House has 435 members based on population who serve two-year terms. Members of Congress must be at least 25 years old for the House or 30 for the Senate, citizens for at least seven or nine years respectively, and inhabitants of their states. Their roles include legislating, representing constituents, and overseeing the executive branch through committees. They receive salaries around $174,000 along with various benefits and perks.
Campaign spending, especially for presidential elections, has increased significantly over time as candidates need funds to campaign effectively through television ads, consultants, and other expenses. Funding comes from various private sources like individuals, political action committees, and temporary fundraising organizations, as well as some public funding from federal and state governments. Regulations have attempted to increase transparency around funding sources and limit certain contributions and expenditures to reduce corruption, but finding the right balance remains an ongoing challenge.
The election process is at the core of democracy in the United States. While most election law is determined by states, the Constitution gives Congress the power to set the date of federal elections. Congress has established the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November as federal election day. The Help America Vote Act of 2002 aimed to modernize elections through measures such as computerizing voter registration and allowing provisional ballots. Early voting and absentee voting allow people to vote without going to polling places on election day.
The document discusses the nomination process for political candidates in the United States. It outlines five main ways candidates get nominated: 1) self-announcement, 2) caucuses, 3) conventions, 4) direct primaries, and 5) petitions. It provides details on closed and open primaries, noting debates around each. The document also includes specifics about the Ohio primary process and timeline.
The document outlines the history and expansion of voting rights in the United States. It discusses how originally only white male property owners could vote, but over time restrictions were lifted based on race, gender, religion, and age. The right to vote has gradually shifted from being determined by individual states to being regulated at the federal level through amendments and acts that prohibit restrictions on suffrage based on factors such as race, payment of taxes, or age over 18. The document also lists current restrictions that states must follow regarding qualifications for voting.
The document discusses the origins and roles of political parties in the United States. It describes how the early Democratic-Republican and Federalist parties evolved from disagreements over the ratification of the Constitution. It also outlines the typical membership demographics of today's two main parties, Democrats and Republicans. Additionally, it summarizes several notable third parties in the US and categorizes them based on their ideological focus or origins.
Political parties in the United States seek to control government by winning elections and holding public office. They link the people to the government and bring together interest groups. Parties nominate candidates, inform and activate supporters to win elections and promote their viewpoints, while also criticizing other parties. They ensure elected officials from their party perform well and support the party's policies in a partisan manner. Parties provide a basis for how government is run and watch over public business by criticizing the other party.
Government chapter 4 section 2 and 3 pptmistygoetz
The document summarizes various obligations and relationships between the US federal government and state governments. It discusses the Republican form of government and how the federal government ensured states recognized rights of freed slaves after the Civil War. It also covers conditions for new states being admitted to the Union, various types of federal grants to states, and requirements for states to recognize other states' acts, records, proceedings, and extradition of fugitives between states.
The document provides information about Ohio's Master Teacher program and licensure requirements. It explains that completing the Master Teacher program satisfies one of the requirements for an advanced teaching license. It outlines the eligibility requirements and portfolio process for the Master Teacher designation. Candidates must demonstrate consistent leadership, focused collaboration, and distinguished teaching focused on students/environment and content/instruction/assessment. The portfolio requires written narratives and evidence for each criterion. Universities that offer teacher endorsement programs are also listed.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central national government and several regional or state governments, each with their own set of powers. The US Constitution divides powers between the national and state governments in a dual system. Powers are either delegated to the national government, reserved for the states, or shared concurrently between both levels of government. The 10th Amendment reserves powers not given to the national government or denied to the states to the states or the people.
The document discusses the 27 amendments to the US Constitution. It provides a brief summary of each amendment, including what rights they protect or modify presidential and congressional elections. It also discusses informal amendments to the Constitution through means like legislation, executive actions, Supreme Court decisions and customs developing over time.
The document discusses several key principles and concepts of the US Constitution, including:
- The 7 articles that make up the original Constitution address the 3 branches of government, relations among states and federal government, and the process of ratifying amendments.
- The Constitution is based on principles of popular sovereignty, limited government, rule of law, separation of powers, and checks and balances.
- Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to determine if government actions are constitutional. This was established in the 1803 case Marbury v. Madison.
- The Constitution can be formally amended through two methods of proposal and two methods of ratification outlined in Article V. Twenty-six of the twenty-seven amendments have been adopted through congressional proposal
The Constitutional Convention was called in Philadelphia in 1787 to replace the Articles of Confederation. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan, which proposed a strong federal government, and the New Jersey Plan, which supported state equality. They compromised with the Great Compromise, which created a bicameral Congress. They also agreed to the Three-Fifths Compromise to determine representation of slaves. The delegates established three branches of government and a process for amending the Constitution. After signing, the Constitution had to be ratified by nine states, which was achieved in 1788, establishing the new U.S. government.
The document discusses the political beginnings of American government, including the basic concepts of ordered, limited, and representative government that emerged in England. It outlines landmark English documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and Bill of Rights that limited the power of the monarchy. The document also summarizes the different types of English colonies in America - royal colonies that were directly controlled by the Crown, proprietary colonies organized by proprietors, and charter colonies like Connecticut and Rhode Island that had self-governing charters granted by the King.
Psychology is the scientific study of how people think, feel, and behave. There are different types of psychologists, including clinical psychologists who treat mental disorders, school psychologists who work with students, and psychiatrists who are medical doctors that specialize in treating mental disorders using medication and some counseling. An industrial/organizational psychologist was hired to help a company retain employees without lowering profits by making workplace changes.
The document defines key concepts related to government and civics. It discusses that government is the institution that makes and enforces public policy, and is comprised of people who exercise its powers. There are three basic powers of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Several theories on the origins of the state are presented, including the force, evolutionary, divine right, and social contract theories. Democracy and dictatorship are contrasted, with democracy defined as rule by the people and dictatorship defined as rule by one person or small group. The purpose of the US government is also summarized from the Constitution.
The document provides information about the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and later the Women's Army Corps (WAC) during World War II. It discusses the roles women filled, recruitment techniques used, and daily life experiences of women in the WAC. Recruitment materials like brochures and videos encouraged women to join by emphasizing their ability to take on non-combat roles and help the war effort. The WAC provided women opportunities to receive training and work in over 400 occupational categories.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. C H A P T E R 13
The Presidency
S
SECTION 1The President’s Job Description
S
SECTION 2
Presidential Succession and the Vice Presiden
S
SECTION 3
Presidential Selection: The Framers’ Plan
S
SECTION 4Presidential Nominations
SECTION 5The Election
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13
3. SECTION 1
The President’s Job Description
• What are the President’s many roles?
• What are the formal qualifications necessary
to become President?
• What issues have arisen involving the length
of the President’s term?
• How is the President compensated?
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
4. The President’s Roles
Chief of State
• The President is chief of state. This means he is the ceremonial
head of the government of the United States, the symbol of all the
people of the nation.
Chief Executive
• The Constitution vests the President with the executive power of the
United States, making him or her the nation’s chief executive.
Chief Administrator
• The President is the chief administrator, or director, of the United
States government.
Chief Diplomat
• As the nation’s chief diplomat, the President is the main architect of
American foreign policy and chief spokesperson to the rest of the
world.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
5. More Roles of the President
Commander in Chief
• The Constitution makes the President the commander in chief,
giving him or her complete control of the nation’s armed forces.
Chief Legislator
• The President is the chief legislator, the main architect of the
nation’s public policies.
Chief of Party
• The President acts as the chief of party, the acknowledged leader
of the political party that controls the executive branch.
Chief Citizen
• The President is expected to be “the representative of all the
people.”
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
6. Qualifications for President
Article II, Section 1, Clause 5, of the Constitution
says that the President must:
1. Be “a natural born 2. Be at least 35 years of
citizen.” age.
A person must be born a citizen of John F. Kennedy at age 43 was the
the United States to be able to youngest person to be elected
become President. President.
3. Have lived in the United Informal qualifications, such as
States for at least 14 years. intelligence and character, are also
important considerations.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
7. The President’s Term
• Until 1951, the Constitution placed no limit on the
number of terms a President might serve.
• Traditionally, Presidents limited the number of
terms served to two. This tradition was broken by
Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 when he ran for and
won a third term in office. He then went on to be
elected to a fourth term in 1944.
• The 22nd Amendment placed limits on presidential
terms. A President now may not be elected more
than twice or only once if they became President
due to succession.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
8. Pay and Benefits
Congress determines the President’s salary, and this salary
cannot be changed during a presidential term.
• The President’s pay was • Besides monetary benefits,
first set at $25,000 a year. the President gets to live in
Currently, the President is the 132-room mansion that
paid $400,000 a year. we call the White House.
• Congress has also • The President is also
approved an expense granted other benefits,
allowance for the including a large suite of
President, which is offices, a staff, the use of
currently $50,000 a year. Air Force One, and many
other fringe benefits.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
10. Section 1 Review
1. As commander in chief, the President
(a) is the leader of all the nation’s armed forces.
(b) initiates legislation.
(c) is the director of the government.
(d) represents the citizens of the United States abroad.
2. In order to become President, a citizen needs to be at least
(a) 25 years old.
(b) 35 years old.
(c) 45 years old.
(d) 30 years old.
Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this section? Click Here!
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 1
11. SECTION 2
Presidential Succession and the Vice Presidency
• How does the Constitution provide for
presidential succession?
• What are the constitutional provisions for
presidential disability?
• What is the role of the Vice President?
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 2
12. The Constitution and Succession
• Presidential succession is
the plan by which a
presidential vacancy is filled.
• The 25th Amendment, ratified
in 1967, made it clear that the
Vice President will become
President if the President is
removed from office.
• The Presidential
Succession Act of 1947 set
the order of succession
following the Vice President.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 2
13. Presidential Disability
• Sections 3 and 4 of the 25th Amendment
provide procedures to follow when the
President is disabled.
• The Vice President is to become acting
President if
(1) the President informs Congress, in writing, “that he is
unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,” or
(2) the Vice President and a majority of the members of the
Cabinet inform Congress, in writing, that the President is
thus incapacitated.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 2
14. The Vice Presidency
• The Constitution only gives the Vice President two
duties besides becoming President if the President
is removed from office:
1) to preside over the Senate, and
2) to help decide the question of presidential
disability.
• If the office of Vice President becomes vacant, the
President nominates a new Vice President subject
to the approval of Congress.
• Today, the Vice President often performs
diplomatic and political chores for the President.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 2
15. Into the Oval Office
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 2
16. Section 2 Review
1. Who is in line for presidential succession following the Vice
President?
(a) the First Lady
(b) the Speaker of the House
(c) the president of the Senate
(d) the Secretary of State
2. Which constitutional amendment provides for presidential
succession?
(a) the 25th Amendment
(b) the 26th Amendment
(c) the 22nd Amendment
(d) the 21st Amendment
Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this section? Click Here!
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 2
17. SECTION 3
Presidential Selection: The Framers’ Plan
• What were the Framers’ original provisions for
choosing the President?
• How did the rise of political parties change the
original provisions set out in the Constitution?
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 3
18. Original Provisions
• According to the Constitution,
the President and Vice
President are chosen by a
special body of presidential
electors.
• Originally, these electors
each cast two electoral
votes, each for a different
candidate. The candidate
with the most votes would
become President, and the
candidate with the second
highest total would become
Vice President.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 3
19. The Rise of Parties
• The electoral
college is the group
of people (electors)
chosen from each
State and the District
of Columbia that
formally selects the
President and Vice
President. With the
rise of political
parties in 1796,
flaws began to be
seen in the system.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 3
20. The 12th Amendment
• The 12th • The major change
Amendment was in the electoral
added to the college made by the
Constitution in 1804 amendment was
following the that each elector
election of 1800. would distinctly cast
one electoral vote
for President and
one for Vice
President.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 3
21. Section 3 Review
1. Which year’s election paved the way for changes in the electoral
college?
(a) 1800
(b) 1792
(c) 1804
(d) 1812
2. Which amendment to the Constitution modified the electoral
college to avoid electoral ties for the office of President?
(a) the 11th Amendment
(b) the 5th Amendment
(c) the 9th Amendment
(d) the 12th Amendment
Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this section? Click Here!
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 3
22. SECTION 4
Presidential Nominations
• What role do conventions play in the
presidential nominating process?
• How important are presidential primaries?
• What differences exist between the caucus-
convention process and the primary process?
• What events take place during a national
convention?
• What characteristics determine who is
nominated as a presidential candidate?
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
23. The Role of Conventions
Convention The Apportionment
Arrangements and Selection of
Delegates
• The convention system has
been mainly built by the • Parties apportion the
two major parties in number of delegates each
American politics. State will receive based on
electoral votes and other
• Party national committees
factors.
arrange the time and place
for their party’s nominating • Delegates are selected
convention. through both presidential
primaries and the caucus-
convention process.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
24. Presidential Primaries
• Depending on the State, a presidential primary is an
election in which a party’s voters
(1) choose some or all of a State’s party organization’s delegates to their
party’s national convention, and/or
(2) express a preference among various contenders for their party’s
presidential nomination.
• Many States use a proportional representation rule to
select delegates. In this system, a proportion of a State’s
delegates are chosen to match voter preferences in the
primary.
• More than half of the States hold preference primaries
where voters choose their preference for a candidate.
Delegates are selected later to match voter preferences.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
25. The Caucus-Convention Process
• In those States that do not hold presidential
primaries, delegates to the national conventions
are chosen in a system of caucuses and
conventions.
• The party’s voters meet in local caucuses where
they choose delegates to a local or district
convention, where delegates to the State
convention are picked.
• At the State level, and sometimes in the district
conventions, delegates to the national convention
are chosen.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
26. The National Convention
A party’s national convention is the meeting at which
delegates vote to pick their presidential and vice-
presidential candidates. Party conventions accomplish
three main goals:
(1) to officially name the party’s presidential and vice-
presidential candidates,
(2) to bring the various factions and the leading personalities
in the party together in one place for a common purpose,
and
(3) to adopt the party’s platform—its formal statement of
basic principles, stands on major policy matters, and
objectives for the campaign and beyond.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
27. Who Is Nominated?
• If an incumbent President wants to seek reelection, his
or her nomination is almost guaranteed.
• Political experience factors into the nomination
process. State governors, the executive officers on the
State level, have historically been favored for
nomination. U.S. senators also have fared well.
• Many candidates come from key larger states.
Candidates from larger states, such as California, New
York, and Ohio, have usually been seen as more
electable than candidates from smaller states.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
28. Section 4 Review
1. More than half of the presidential primary States hold only a
(a) caucus.
(b) winner-take-all primary.
(c) preference primary.
(d) nominating convention.
2. A party’s formal statement of its basic principles and views is
called the party’s
(a) plank.
(b) primary.
(c) constitution.
(d) platform.
Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this section? Click Here!
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5
5 Chapter 13, Section 4
29. SECTION 5
The Election
• What is the function of the electoral college
today?
• What are the flaws in the electoral college?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages
of proposed reforms in the electoral college?
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 13, Section 5
30. The Electoral College Today
Voters do not vote directly for the President.
Instead, they vote for electors in the electoral
college.
• All States, except two (Maine and • On January 6, the electoral votes
Nebraska), select electors based cast are counted by the president
on the winner of the popular vote of the Senate, and the President
in that State. and Vice President are formally
elected.
• Electors then meet in the State
capitals on the Monday after the • If no candidate wins a majority of
second Wednesday in December electoral votes (270), the election
and cast their votes for President is thrown into the House of
and Vice President. Representatives.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 13, Section 5
31. Flaws in the Electoral College
There are three major defects in the
electoral college:
(1) It is possible to win the popular vote in the presidential election,
but lose the electoral college vote. This has happened four times in
U.S. history (1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000).
(2) Nothing in the Constitution, nor in any federal statute, requires
the electors to vote for the candidate favored by the popular vote in
their State.
(3) If no candidate gains a majority in the electoral college, the
election is thrown into the House, a situation that has happened
twice (1800 and 1824). In this process, each State is given one
vote, meaning that States with smaller populations wield the same
power as those with larger populations.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 13, Section 5
32. Proposed Reforms
• In the district plan, electors would • A commonly heard reform suggests
be chosen the same way members that the electoral college be done
of Congress are selected: each away with altogether in favor of
congressional district would select direct popular election. At the
polls, voters would vote directly for
one elector (just as they select
the President and Vice President
representatives), and two electors
instead of electors.
would be selected based on the
overall popular vote in a State (just
as senators are selected).
• The proportional plan suggests • The national bonus plan would
that each candidate would receive automatically offer the winner of the
the same share of a State’s electoral popular vote 102 electoral votes in
vote as he or she received in the addition to the other electoral votes
State’s popular vote. he or she might gain.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 13, Section 5
33. Electoral College Supporters
There are two major strengths of the
electoral college that its supporters espouse:
• It is a known process. • In most election years,
Each of the proposed, the electoral college
but untried, reforms defines the winner of
may very well have the presidential
defects that could not election quickly and
be known until they certainly.
appeared in practice.
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 13, Section 5
34. Section 5 Review
1. Which of the following is a possible flaw of the electoral college
system?
(a) Electors are not bound to cast their electoral vote for the party they represent.
(b) A candidate can fail to win a majority of electoral votes
(c) A candidate can win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.
(d) All of the above.
2. The proportional plan for electoral college reform suggests that
(a) electors are chosen by State legislatures.
(b) candidates receive a share of a State’s electoral votes correlating to his or her share of
the State’s popular vote.
(c) electors are chosen based on congressional districts.
(d) the candidate that wins the popular vote automatically receives 102 electoral votes.
Want to connect to the Magruder’s link for this section? Click Here!
Go To
Section: 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 13, Section 5