The document discusses key concepts related to living in the contemporary globalized world. It defines globalization as the increasing interconnectedness and integration of people, companies, and governments globally, driven by international trade, investment, and technology. Globalization involves the rising liquidity and multi-directional flows of people, things, information and capital across borders. There are several theories that seek to conceptualize and explain cultural globalization, including cultural differentialism, hybridization, and convergence. Cultural hybridization posits that external cultural flows interact with internal ones to create unique blended cultural forms in different areas.

2. Living in CONTEMPORARY WORLD
(MODERN WORLD)
Two things to Understand:
GLOBAL AGE and GLOBALIZATION
It is a period when there is a prevailing
sense of interconnectedness of all
human beings, of a common fate for
human species, and of threat to its life
on this earth (Global Age,Martin Albrow,
2012)

3. GLOBALIZATION
3
Is a process of interaction and
integration among the people,
companies, and governments of
different nations, a process driven
by international trade and
investment and aided by
information
technology.(globalization 101.org)

4. Conceptualizing Globalization
TRANSITIONALISM
Process that interconnect individuals and social groups across specific
geopolitical borders (Giulianotti and Roberston 2007:62)
TRANSNATIONALITY
Rise of new communities and formation of new social identities and relations
that cannot be defined as nation-state. (Robinson 2007: 1199-201)
GLOBALITY
Omnipresence of the process of globalization.
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul
Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

5. “ Globalization is a
transplanetary process or set
of processs involving
increasing liquidity and the
growing multi-directional
flows as well the structures
they encounter (Ritzer, 2011)
5

6. 6
Solidity – People,
things, information,
and places “harden”
over time and
therefore have
limited mobility.
Heavy – difficult to
move.
Liquidity – increasing
ease of movement of
people, things,
information, and
places in the global
age.
Light – easier to move
METAPHORS
Flows
Movement of people, things,
information, and places due, in
part, to increasing porosity of
Global barriers.
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George
Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

7. 7
“Heavy” Structures that
Expedite “Flows”
“Heavy” Structure as Barriers
to “Flows”

8. 8
ORIGIN OF THE
GLOBALIZATION

9. Hardwired – due
to Human wants
and Needs. The
“Urge” to have
more better life
9

10. Cycles – there is no
point of origin,
since there already
global age in the
past and now it is
said as New Global
age. 10

11. Epoch – “Waves”
11
1. It was on the 4th to the 7th Centuries happens the Globalization in
Religion.
2. During late 15th Century it emphasized on European colonial
Conquest.
3. It was late 18th and early 19th century occurs Intra-European wars.
4. At Mid-19th Century to 1918 – Heyday of European Imperialism
5. Post World War II
6. Post Cold War II

12. Events – several
specific events that can
considered as start of
Globalization
12

13. 13
• The emergence of the United State as the
Global power in the years following World
War II.
• The emergence of Multinational
Corporations (MNCs).
• The demise of Soviet Union and the end of
Cold War.
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

14. 14

15. 15
Global Culture
According to Ritzer (2019), Culture tends to flow easily
through out the world, it exist increasingly in digitized
formed.
• Not all culture and forms of culture can flow easily.
• Cultures of the most powerful societies can flow much
more easily compared to societies that are considered as
marginalized or weak.
• There are types of cultures that can move easily and
Culture that are move in slow that It may not be able to
reach other parts of the world.

16. 16
THEORIES OF CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
• Cultural Differentialism
• Cultural Hybridization
• Cultural Convergence

17. Cultural Differentialism
17
- Involves barriers prevent flows that serve to make culture more
alike; when culture tends to remain stubbornly different from
one another. (Ritzer, 2019)
- There are lasting differences among and between cultures,
largely unaffected by globalization or any other bi‐, inter‐, multi‐,
and transcultural processes and flows.
- This is not to say that Culture is not affected by any process and
flows of Globality; But at its Core is not much unaffected.
- Culture seems to be closed in the flows of globalizations and
close in the influences of other countries.
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

18. Conflicts and Collisions among between or at least
some of the other countries
18
Two sets of events:
. One is the terrorist attacks on September 11 (and continued
religious fundamentalist violence today) (Sidanius et al. 2016)
and the ongoing conflicts between immigrants and Western
populations (Yardim and Tecim 2016).
- The increase of multiculturalism both in America and Europe.
CIVILIZATION
The most famous, and controversial, example of this theory is
Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
the World Order (1996). Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

19. • The mixing of the cultures and the integration of global and
local, leading to unique combination.(Roudometof,
2015,2016)
• Formed a continuous global Heterogenization, rather than
Homogenization.
Global Heterogenization – the continuous transformation
due to the influences of the globalization.
CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION = GLOBAL
HETEROGENIZATION = GLOCALIZATION
GLOCALIZATION – Interpenetration of the global and the local,
resulting in unique outcomes of different geographic areas.
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf
Cultural Hybridization
19

20. Hybridization –the idea
that external flows interact
with internal flows to
produce a unique cultural
hybrid that combines
elements of two.
20
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

21. 21
Hybridization –the idea that external flows interact with internal
flows to produce a unique cultural hybrid that combines elements
of two.
Creolization – is another concept that is
closely related to glocalization. (Hannerz,
1987)
The term “creole” generally refers to
people of mixed race, but it has been
extended to the idea of the creolization of
language and culture, involving a
combination of languages and cultures that
were previously unintelligible to one another
(Cohen 2007; Knörr 2012).
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

22. Appadurai's “Landscapes” Arjun Appadurai's
Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of
Globalization (1996; Powell 2015)
Ethnoscapes: Involve those who are mobile: groups and
individuals on the move (tourists, refugees, guest workers),
who play an important role in the ever‐changing world in
which we live (Chun 2012).
Technoscapes: Fluid, global
configurations of technology and the wide
range of material that moves freely and
quickly around the globe. 22
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

23. 23
Financescapes: Involve the processes by which huge
sums of money move through nation‐states and around
the world at great speed via commodity speculations,
currency markets, national stock exchanges, and the
like (Powell 2012).
Mediascapes: Involve both the electronic capability to
produce and transmit information around the world and
the images of the world that these media create and
disseminate (Kuipers 2012).
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf

24. Cultural imperialism (Tomlinson 2012a) indicates
that one or more cultures are imposing themselves,
consciously, on other cultures, thereby destroying
them, in whole or (more likely) in part.
Deterritorialization -Tomlinson's (2012b) work is the
issue of deterritorialization, or the declining
significance of the geographic location in which culture
exists; culture is no longer as tied as it once was to the
constraints of local geography.
Source: Globalization The Essentials, 2nd Edition by George Ritzer, Paul Dean (z-lib.org).pdf
24

25. The Globalization in Religion
25
• The Relationship Religion and
Globalism
• Realities
• Religion for and against
Globalization