Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
17
Intercultural Communication and Global Democracy:
A Deweyan Perspective
Sun Youzhong
Beijing Foreign Studies University, China
Abstract
Understanding intercultural communication as the exchange of information between
individuals of different cultural backgrounds, theorists of this field are primarily
concerned with mapping the patterns of cultural similarities and differences, revealing
the effects of cultural factors on the process of intercultural communication, sorting
the components of intercultural communication competence, and seeking the formulas
to remove misunderstandings and breakdowns in intercultural communication.
By contrast, American philosopher John Dewey takes a moral approach to define
communication as individually distinctive members of a community sharing
experiences, participating in joint activities, cooperating in free social inquiry and the
distribution of its conclusions, transforming habits, and ultimately making life rich
and varied in meanings. This Deweyan moralist perspective can be applied to situate
intercultural communication studies in the context of a globalizing world where global
democracy, though far from playing any noticeable role in regulating international
relations at present, should ultimately rule if humankind is to have a future and continue
to thrive. From a Deweyan perspective, the construction of a global public in a global
democratic community is the foundation or precondition of global democracy. This is
where intercultural communication, understood not only as practical means to satisfy
immediate individual, organizational and national needs in intercultural contexts, but
also as consummate ends or an intercultural democratic way of life, could make its
unique contribution.
Keywords: global democracy, John Dewey, intercultural communication
Introduction
It is generally agreed that we live in an age of globalization. But when did it begin? Some
historians might point at October 24, 1946, when the first grainy, black-and-white photos of
our earth were taken from an altitude of 65 miles by a 35-millimeter motion picture camera
riding on a V-2 missile launched from the New Mexico dessert. Clyde Holliday, the engineer
who developed the camera, wrote in National Geographic in 1950, the V-2 photos showed for
the first time “how our Earth would look to visitors from another planet coming in on a space
ship.” That was the first time human beings saw with their own eyes their habitats on separate
continents as one globe. Other historians would trace further back to the late 19th century when
the second industrialization coupled with Western imperialism incorporated all the countries
of the globe into one world market system. But that first stage of modern globalization slowed
18
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
down during the period from the start of the First World War until the thi.
A brief discussion about globalization through media imperialism.
Researchers focused their effort on mostly nation-states as primary actors in international relations. The flow of news and entertainment was biased in favor of industrialized countries. Developing nations received scant and prejudicial coverage in Western Media. Emphasis on commercialization of sphere of culture. On the second stage of research in Cultural imperialism, it focused on transnational corporations as the primary actors on international relations ; and on transnational capital flows
The end of cold war as a global framework for ideological, Geopolitical, and Economic competition calls for a rethinking of the analytical categories and paradigms of thought. The nation state is no longer the sale or dominant player since transnational transactions occur on sub national, national, and supranational levels. According to John Tomlinson (1991) Globalization replaced cultural imperialism because it conveys a process with less coherence and direction, which will weaken the cultural unity of all nation -states ,Not only those in the developing world. Globalization has emerged as a key perspective across the humanities and social sciences, a current undoubtedly affecting the discipline of communication.
Globalization of culture has become a conceptual magnet attracting research and theorizing efforts from a variety of disciplines and interdisciplinary formations such as anthropology, comparative literature, cultural studies, communication and media studies, geography, and sociology.
A brief discussion about globalization through media imperialism.
Researchers focused their effort on mostly nation-states as primary actors in international relations. The flow of news and entertainment was biased in favor of industrialized countries. Developing nations received scant and prejudicial coverage in Western Media. Emphasis on commercialization of sphere of culture. On the second stage of research in Cultural imperialism, it focused on transnational corporations as the primary actors on international relations ; and on transnational capital flows
The end of cold war as a global framework for ideological, Geopolitical, and Economic competition calls for a rethinking of the analytical categories and paradigms of thought. The nation state is no longer the sale or dominant player since transnational transactions occur on sub national, national, and supranational levels. According to John Tomlinson (1991) Globalization replaced cultural imperialism because it conveys a process with less coherence and direction, which will weaken the cultural unity of all nation -states ,Not only those in the developing world. Globalization has emerged as a key perspective across the humanities and social sciences, a current undoubtedly affecting the discipline of communication.
Globalization of culture has become a conceptual magnet attracting research and theorizing efforts from a variety of disciplines and interdisciplinary formations such as anthropology, comparative literature, cultural studies, communication and media studies, geography, and sociology.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Housing for Millions: Looking for justice along the journeys from land to hou...Yiorgos Papamanousakis
How can housing be delivered at a large scale in ways that strengthen and enhance social justice? Building on a discourse of social justice in relation to housing this report constructs an analytical framework for 3 different pathways through which millions of people have accessed housing in the second half of the past century in Sweden, Sri Lanka, and Greece. These are characterised by: the direct construction of housing in the periphery of Swedish cities, Miljonprogrammet, 1965-1974; the facilitation of self-building by the poor throughout Sri-Lanka, The Million Houses Programme, 1984-1993; and the institutionalisation of partnerships between landowners and constructors for apartment buildings in Greece, Antiparochi-Polykatoikia, 1950-1980. The three case studies offer an opportunity to examine, respectively, housing a physical and spatial production, a (self-) building process interweaved in community development, as well as a set of legal and institutional conditions that direct it, i.e., housing seen through a lens zooming out from the house-product to the housing-process to the enabling conditions, that respectively in each case have been the catalyst in its delivery. The report discusses context, features, and outcomes of each, before critically analysing their impact in terms of advancing social justice and the right to housing. Through such a comparative analysis, the report ultimately identifies features that may support a socially just housing model.
Definition of globalization. Types of globalization. Advantage of globalization: Cultural impact of globalization.Economic impact of globalization. Disadvantages of Globalization
Module 2 Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homel.docxroushhsiu
Module 2: Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homeland Security and International Relations
The threat of terrorism is having a profound effect on international security. Research exploring the causes and consequences of terrorism has shown that a country's chances of being victimized by terrorist groups are directly correlated to its ethnic, linguistic, and religious fragmentation. Much of this fragmentation occurs in "failed states."
The definition of failed state is imprecise, but such states have two significant features (Chomsky, 2006; Thürer, 1999):
· lack of viable political, legal, and social governance structures
· unchecked violence against citizens
Given these characteristics, failed states like Afghanistan, Iraq, Sudan, Somalia, Pakistan, and Yemen have served as "launching pads for transnational terror" (Basuchoudhary & Shughart, 2010, p. 70; The Fund for Peace, 2011).
Faced with the growing worldwide threat of terrorism, the international community needs an overall approach to confront it—one that combines cultural considerations with political, economic, legal, and social methods. Cultural diversity in all its aspects—the arts, heritage, religion, media, science, education, youth, and sports—can play an important role (Sudarenkov et al., 2004) in
· preventing the development of terrorist mentality
· dissuading would-be terrorists
· cutting them off from wider support
To experience cultural democracy and freedom, nations must be unified around a set of democratic values, such as justice and equality, that balance unity and diversity and protect the rights of diverse groups. The basis for any cultural action against terrorism lies in understanding the "complex and delicate relationship between terrorism and its cultural context" (Banks, 2004, p. 3).
Globalization—the increasing economic and social interdependence among countries—has created many opportunities for mutually beneficial exchanges. Many have argued that this interdependence could "increase stability, peace, and prosperity" (Kilroy, 2008, p. 23). In Europe, globalization helped integrate the region, obliging all states to cooperate and coordinate on political, economic, social, and security problems. Globalization has helped democratic systems to emerge, and democratic countries engage in armed conflict less than nondemocratic countries (United Nations, 1999).
Conversely, globalization has also created vulnerabilities, leaving countries open to short- and long-term risk of terrorist acts. The terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent war on terrorism dramatically revealed the downsides of globalization—global flows of technology, goods, information, ideologies, and people can have destructive as well as productive effects (Kellner, 2007, p. 245). Huntington (1996) asserted that the world is articulated into competing civilizations that are based on irreconcilably different cultures and religions. For Huntington, rel.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeFall 2014Proje.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Fall 2014
Project Requirements:
I. Teams
a. 16 Students split into 3 teams .
II. Weighting
a. The Project is 30% of your grade.
i. The presentation will be attended by Dr. Braniff as well as industry professionals and representatives of the National Alliance.
ii. Start divvying up duties now – last minute work shows during the presentation.
iii. Practice! Practice! Practice! - part of your grade has to do with the presentation having been rehearsed.
iv. This is a PROFESSIONAL presentation – since we’ll most likely have outsiders joining us, presenters must dress in a professional manner (no jeans, proper professional attire).
v. This presentation should mimic what you would be comfortable presenting to your board of directors and your CFO, etc.
vi. You will be graded on the information presented, as well as the professionalism of your presentation and your team assessment.
III. Project Components:
a. Executive Summary of your findings. The purpose of the executive summary is to summarize key points.
i. Should include bulleted key points
ii. Should include 1-3 graphs for visualization
iii. No more than 3 pages (including graphs)
iv. Make the summary part of the Power Point Presentation
b. Power Point Presentation
i. A visual presentation of the questions given to you for the project.
ii. Needs to show application of information learned in class, not just a regurgitation of the questions and answers, I want to see critical thinking.
iii. Presentations will occur on Monday, Nov 30 No exceptions, you MUST be present. Each group will present during this time (up to 30 minutes per group, at least 15).
iv. ALL team members must present a portion of the project.
c. All of the presentation documents need to be submitted to me. If you did not answer all
of the questions in your power point presentation, I need to receive the answers in a document.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During .docxmariuse18nolet
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under applied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance
Variable Overhead Spending Variance
3. Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table.
Required:
Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for Rs.5,700, 7,700 and 8,700 units.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast
-
iron barbeque cookware. During a recent w
indstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to dete
r
mine the unknown amount
s. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2.
Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, L
LL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under
a
pplied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead
Efficiency
Variance
Variable Overhead
Spending
Variance
3.
Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of
the table.
Required:
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units prod.
More Related Content
Similar to Intercultural Communication Studies XX 1 (2011) Sun17.docx
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Housing for Millions: Looking for justice along the journeys from land to hou...Yiorgos Papamanousakis
How can housing be delivered at a large scale in ways that strengthen and enhance social justice? Building on a discourse of social justice in relation to housing this report constructs an analytical framework for 3 different pathways through which millions of people have accessed housing in the second half of the past century in Sweden, Sri Lanka, and Greece. These are characterised by: the direct construction of housing in the periphery of Swedish cities, Miljonprogrammet, 1965-1974; the facilitation of self-building by the poor throughout Sri-Lanka, The Million Houses Programme, 1984-1993; and the institutionalisation of partnerships between landowners and constructors for apartment buildings in Greece, Antiparochi-Polykatoikia, 1950-1980. The three case studies offer an opportunity to examine, respectively, housing a physical and spatial production, a (self-) building process interweaved in community development, as well as a set of legal and institutional conditions that direct it, i.e., housing seen through a lens zooming out from the house-product to the housing-process to the enabling conditions, that respectively in each case have been the catalyst in its delivery. The report discusses context, features, and outcomes of each, before critically analysing their impact in terms of advancing social justice and the right to housing. Through such a comparative analysis, the report ultimately identifies features that may support a socially just housing model.
Definition of globalization. Types of globalization. Advantage of globalization: Cultural impact of globalization.Economic impact of globalization. Disadvantages of Globalization
Module 2 Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homel.docxroushhsiu
Module 2: Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homeland Security and International Relations
The threat of terrorism is having a profound effect on international security. Research exploring the causes and consequences of terrorism has shown that a country's chances of being victimized by terrorist groups are directly correlated to its ethnic, linguistic, and religious fragmentation. Much of this fragmentation occurs in "failed states."
The definition of failed state is imprecise, but such states have two significant features (Chomsky, 2006; Thürer, 1999):
· lack of viable political, legal, and social governance structures
· unchecked violence against citizens
Given these characteristics, failed states like Afghanistan, Iraq, Sudan, Somalia, Pakistan, and Yemen have served as "launching pads for transnational terror" (Basuchoudhary & Shughart, 2010, p. 70; The Fund for Peace, 2011).
Faced with the growing worldwide threat of terrorism, the international community needs an overall approach to confront it—one that combines cultural considerations with political, economic, legal, and social methods. Cultural diversity in all its aspects—the arts, heritage, religion, media, science, education, youth, and sports—can play an important role (Sudarenkov et al., 2004) in
· preventing the development of terrorist mentality
· dissuading would-be terrorists
· cutting them off from wider support
To experience cultural democracy and freedom, nations must be unified around a set of democratic values, such as justice and equality, that balance unity and diversity and protect the rights of diverse groups. The basis for any cultural action against terrorism lies in understanding the "complex and delicate relationship between terrorism and its cultural context" (Banks, 2004, p. 3).
Globalization—the increasing economic and social interdependence among countries—has created many opportunities for mutually beneficial exchanges. Many have argued that this interdependence could "increase stability, peace, and prosperity" (Kilroy, 2008, p. 23). In Europe, globalization helped integrate the region, obliging all states to cooperate and coordinate on political, economic, social, and security problems. Globalization has helped democratic systems to emerge, and democratic countries engage in armed conflict less than nondemocratic countries (United Nations, 1999).
Conversely, globalization has also created vulnerabilities, leaving countries open to short- and long-term risk of terrorist acts. The terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent war on terrorism dramatically revealed the downsides of globalization—global flows of technology, goods, information, ideologies, and people can have destructive as well as productive effects (Kellner, 2007, p. 245). Huntington (1996) asserted that the world is articulated into competing civilizations that are based on irreconcilably different cultures and religions. For Huntington, rel.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeFall 2014Proje.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Fall 2014
Project Requirements:
I. Teams
a. 16 Students split into 3 teams .
II. Weighting
a. The Project is 30% of your grade.
i. The presentation will be attended by Dr. Braniff as well as industry professionals and representatives of the National Alliance.
ii. Start divvying up duties now – last minute work shows during the presentation.
iii. Practice! Practice! Practice! - part of your grade has to do with the presentation having been rehearsed.
iv. This is a PROFESSIONAL presentation – since we’ll most likely have outsiders joining us, presenters must dress in a professional manner (no jeans, proper professional attire).
v. This presentation should mimic what you would be comfortable presenting to your board of directors and your CFO, etc.
vi. You will be graded on the information presented, as well as the professionalism of your presentation and your team assessment.
III. Project Components:
a. Executive Summary of your findings. The purpose of the executive summary is to summarize key points.
i. Should include bulleted key points
ii. Should include 1-3 graphs for visualization
iii. No more than 3 pages (including graphs)
iv. Make the summary part of the Power Point Presentation
b. Power Point Presentation
i. A visual presentation of the questions given to you for the project.
ii. Needs to show application of information learned in class, not just a regurgitation of the questions and answers, I want to see critical thinking.
iii. Presentations will occur on Monday, Nov 30 No exceptions, you MUST be present. Each group will present during this time (up to 30 minutes per group, at least 15).
iv. ALL team members must present a portion of the project.
c. All of the presentation documents need to be submitted to me. If you did not answer all
of the questions in your power point presentation, I need to receive the answers in a document.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During .docxmariuse18nolet
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under applied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance
Variable Overhead Spending Variance
3. Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table.
Required:
Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for Rs.5,700, 7,700 and 8,700 units.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast
-
iron barbeque cookware. During a recent w
indstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to dete
r
mine the unknown amount
s. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2.
Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, L
LL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under
a
pplied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead
Efficiency
Variance
Variable Overhead
Spending
Variance
3.
Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of
the table.
Required:
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units prod.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeGroup Project.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort, Hotel & Casino is the pride and joy of Pebbles, Inc. There are over seven thousand spacious suites, designer shopping, world-class dining, and incredible entertainment. The location also includes a theatre where very well-known acts perform year round. The venue has an estimated seating capacity of 5,000. Typically, the theatre books a resident performer for 9-12 months at a time. Most recently, they signed on Brianne Smalle – a chart topping twenty-five year old pop sensation – to begin performing in the next 30 days. Unfortunately, Brianne has just been arrested after a multi-state car chase. To make matters worse, when she was finally stopped, the police found proof of major involvement in an international drug ring. In addition to her charges of DUI, she is now being accused of various charges related to the drug ring including money laundering, drug trafficking, human trafficking, kidnap and murder.
The Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Center was opened in 2002 to respond to the demands of the city. The Expo & Convention Center boasts over 2 million square feet with exhibit space of 1.5 million square feet. The location is central and is walking distance from over 100,000 guest rooms. The Convention Center is in the process of undergoing major renovations in order to accommodate the technology needs and desires of their guests and vendors. The intention was to complete the renovations by the end of the summer. Unfortunately, the main contractor, Trust Us Construction, is three months behind schedule due to the main project manager’s recent problems with gambling addiction. The convention center has a major exposition scheduled in two weeks for Fine China and Crystal of The World. The owner of the Center is convinced that the expo will go on as planned, confident that spare boards, exposed cords, drilling, hammering and multiple construction workers walking through the ex.
Iranian Women and GenderRelations in Los AngelesNAYEREH .docxmariuse18nolet
Iranian Women and Gender
Relations in Los Angeles
NAYEREH TOHIDI
In California, the popular face of immigration tends to be either Latin American or
Asian, but large numbers of immigrants who come from other regions in the world,
especially the Near East, have been quietly reshaping California demography. In this
study, Nayereh Tohidi focuses on the Iranians who have come to Los Angeles in the
wake of the 1979 Iranian revolution, largely middle- and upper-middle-class Tehrani-
ans who have fled the repressive policies of the current post-Shah, fundamentalist
regime. But American freedoms have offered particular challenges to Iranian immi-
grants, especially women, who tend to have "more egalitarian views of marital roles
than Iranian men," in Tohidi's words, a "discrepancy" that has led to "new conflicts
between the sexes." Thus, Iranian women immigrants are at once freer than their
sisters in Iran, more conflicted, and more in need of a "new identity acceptable to
their ethnic community and appropriate to the realities of their host country." Tohidi
is an associate professor of women's studies at California State University, Northridge.
She directs a new program in Islamic Community Studies at CSUN and is also a re-
search associate at the Center for Near Eastern Studies at the University of Califor-
nia, Los Angeles. Tohidi's publications include Feminism, Democracy, and Islamism in
Iran (1996), Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity within Unity (1998), and Global-
ization, Gender, and Religion: The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim
Contexts (2001).
I mmigration is a major life change, and the process of adapting to a newsociety can be extremely stressful, especially when the new environ-
ment is drastically different from the old. There is evidence that the im-
pact of migration on women and their roles differs from the impact of
the same process on men (Espin 1987; Salgado de Snyder 1987). The mi-
gration literature is not conclusive, however, about whether the overall
effect is positive or negative. Despite all the trauma and stress associated
with migration, some people perceive it as emancipatory, especially for
women coming from environments where adherence to traditional gen-
der roles is of primary importance. As [one researcher] said, "When the
traditional organization of society breaks down as a result of contact and
collision .. . the effect is, so to speak, to emancipate the individual man.
Energies that were formerly controlled by custom and tradition are re-
leased" (Furio 1979, 18).
My own observations of Iranians in Los Angeles over the past eight
years, as well as survey research I carried out in 1990,1 reveal that Iranian
1 This article draws on a survey of a sample of 134 Iranian immigrants in Los Angeles, 83
females and 51 males, and on interviews with a smaller sample of women and men.
149
1 50 The Great Migration: Immigrants in California History
women immigrants in Los Angeles are a homogeneou.
IRB HANDBOOK
IRB A-Z Handbook
Effective September 16, 2013
Capella University
225 South Sixth Street, Ninth Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
1
IRB HANDBOOK
Table of Contents
Introduction to the IRB A to Z Handbook ................................................................................ 3
Preparation for IRB Review ...................................................................................................... 4
Developing a Human Research Protection Plan 5
Documenting the Plan in Your IRB Submission Materials 5
Determining Submission Requirements ......................................................................... 5
Selecting the IRB Application 6
Selecting the Informed Consent or Assent Form Templates 7
Identifying Instrument Requirement(s) 8
Identifying Other Supporting Documents 8
Completing Application Forms, Letters, and Templates .................................................... 8
Completing the IRB Application 9
Drafting the Informed Consent or Assent Form(s) 10
Drafting the Recruitment Material(s) 10
Obtaining Research Site Permissions 10
What if I can’t get permission before IRB review? 11
Assessing and Revising Submission Materials ............................................................... 12
Assessing IRB Submission Materials 12
Revising IRB Submission Materials 12
IRB Submission and Review .................................................................................................. 13
Submitting Your IRB Application ................................................................................. 13
Registering and Activating an Account 13
Starting an application 13
Sending your application to your mentor 14
Completing IRB Office Screening Process .................................................................... 14
Undergoing IRB Review ............................................................................................. 15
Introduction to the Levels of Review 15
Receiving the IRB Decision Letter 16
IRB Decisions 16
Revising Your Study in Response to IRB Decision 17
Obtaining IRB Approval or Exemption ......................................................................... 18
Reviewing the IRB Approval Letter 19
Post-IRB Approval Procedures .............................................................................................. 20
Ensuring Ongoing Compliance .................................................................................... 20
Requesting Modifications to IRB-approved Studies........................................................ 20
Submitting a Modification Request Package ................................................................. 20
Implementing the Modification 21
Undergoing Continuing Review ................................................................................... 21
Submitting a Continuing Review Package 21
Reporting Adverse Events or Unanticipated Problems .....
IQuiz # II-Emerson QuizGeneral For Emerson, truth (or.docxmariuse18nolet
I
Quiz # II-Emerson Quiz
General: For Emerson, truth (or Spirit) is indwelling in the Universe, expressed through
nature and man and perceived through Reason (or Intuition) rather than just
understanding (reason, logic). All things are potentially microcosms, containing the
germs of all Truth, and so are not to be read as logical arguments
Here are some quotes from "Self Reliance," Choose one and explain what Emerson
means in your own words in 500 words. Due at our next meeting-Oct. 31, 2013
1. "Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense"
2. We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of
us represents."
3. "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its
members."
4. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind."
5. "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin oflittle minds, [famous Emersonism]
adored by little statements and philosophers and divines. With consistency a
great soul has simply nothing to do."
6. "The centuries are conspirators against the sanity and authority of the soul."
7. "Life only avails, not the having lived. Power ceases in the instant of repose."
[another famous Emersonism]
8. "Just as men's prayers are a disease of the will, so are their creeds a disease of the
intellect. "
9. 10. "In the Will work and acquire, and thou has chained the wheel of Chance, and
shalt sit thereafter out of fear from her rotations .... Nothing can bring you peace
but yourself." .
------ --
.
i
Python 2
For Beginners Only
Version 1.0
Matthew Kindy, 2010
Derived from: Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist by Allen Downey
ii
Copyright (C) 2010 Matthew Kindy
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foun-
dation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ”GNU Free Documentation License”.
iii
GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing
it is not allowed. 0.
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document
free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative works of the document must them-
selves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a
copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software
needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by
the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants
a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated
herein. The Document, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as you. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work
in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it,
either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Documents
overall subject (or to related matters) and conta.
Iranian Journal of Military Medicine Spring 2011, Volume 13, .docxmariuse18nolet
Iranian Journal of Military Medicine Spring 2011, Volume 13, Issue 1; 11-16
* Correspondence; Email: [email protected] Received 2010/09/08; Accepted 2010/12/14
Personality traits, management styles & conflict management in a
military unit
Salimi S. H.
1
PhD, Karaminia R.
2
PhD, Esmaeili A. A.
*
MSc
*
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
1
Sport Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aims: Personality of managers affects their managerial style and their conflict management method. This study was
performed with the aim of investigating the relation between personality traits, leadership styles and conflict management
methods in a military unit.
Methods: This cross-sectional correlation study was performed on 200 senior managers of a military unit in Qom who were
selected by available sampling method. The leadership style was investigated by leadership styles questionnaire and
managers’ personality traits were investigated by NEO questionnaire and their conflict management method was studied by
Robbins questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: The benevolence-consolatory imperative leadership style was the most frequent style (65.5%) and compatible
personality was the most observed characteristic (19.5%). The extrovert personality had positive relation with participatory
management style. There was a significant positive relationship between the extrovert personality and management style
score. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and incompatible style.
Conclusion: The benevolence-consolatory imperative leadership style is the most frequent style and compatible personality
is the most observed characteristic among the studied unit’s senior managers. There is a significant positive relationship
between solution-seeking and controller methods of managing conflict and management style score and there is a significant
negative relationship between neuroticism and management style score.
Keywords: Personal Traits, Management Styles, Conflict Management, NEO Questionnaire
Introduction
In the current era, understanding the personality of
individuals is necessary in many situations of life.
Managers' personality is effective in the process and
choice of conflict resolution method and management
style. Research shows that there is a significant
correlation between personality traits and style of
conflict management. An indifferent or impassive
manager passes the issue and ignores it, while another
manager shows serious reactions [1]. Therefore, for
achieving organizational go.
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world b.
IP Subnet Design Project- ONLY QUALITY ASSIGNMENTS AND 0 PLAG.docxmariuse18nolet
IP Subnet Design Project- ONLY QUALITY ASSIGNMENTS AND 0% PLAGIARISM
1 | P a g e
IP Subnet Design Project
Overview
Each student will create a detailed, unified technical design of network services given the
scenario. The submission will be in a written format with a length of at least 1000 words
(not counting diagrams, quoted passages, or other attachments) and with at least one
detailed diagram created by the student. The assignment is meant for students to enhance
their mastery of the material and to provide a creative and realistic way in which to apply
knowledge from this course.
Scenario
You are a consultant being brought in by XUMUC to assist with its merger with another
company.
Background
XUMUC has the WAN links in place to the new locations in the Houston Region.
XUMUC currently has 2 other Regions San Francisco and Denver. Originally, XUMUC
was only in one region (San Francisco). The previous consultant did a poor job with the
integration resulting in a poor IP address scheme as a result routing tables at the
summarization points and at the San Francisco Campus are very large.
In addition, no VLAN structure was developed to isolate broadcast traffic. There are 4
main departments in XUMC: sales, finance, human resources, and research and
development. Also, there has been some concern that the WAN transport was not able to
accommodate the network traffic. Finally, all addresses in the network are statically
assigned resulting in high administration overhead when changes are made. XUMC
would like this changed to lower administrative overhead.
IP ADDRESSING TABLE
Location
Number of IP
Addresses
Required Address Block Assigned
San Francisco 1290 172.16.0.0-172.16.7.255/21
Denver Region
Denver Campus 441
Remote Office 1 28
Remote Office 2 35
Houston Region
Houston Campus 329
Remote Office 3 21
IP Subnet Design Project.
2 | P a g e
Deliverables
There are a number of requirements for this project.
• The document should contain:
o Title page
o Table of Content page
o Executive summary
o Technical details (including any assumptions)
Details that address all issues described above
Completed IP addressing table (including summarized routes for
the Denver and Houston regions),
Updated network diagram
Supporting arguments
o Conclusion
o Reference page
Formatting and Length:
• The paper must be at least 1000 words in length. Word count does not include
words in diagrams, tables, large quotations from sources, or other attachments.
The length should not exceed 15 pages; recommended length is 8-9 double-
spaced pages.
• Use 1" margins. The font should be 12-point, Arial. Include page numbers in your
document, as well as your name and date somewhere in the document (e.g., on a
title page).
XMUMC Network Diagram
IP Subnet Design Project.
3 | P a g e
IP Subnet Design Project
4 | P a g e
.
Iran:
Ayatollah
Theocracy
Twelver Shiism
Vilayat-e Faghih (jurist's guardianship)
Imam
Shari’a
Dual Society
Constitutional Revolution
White Revolution
Islamic Revolution
Iranian Revolutionary Guard (Pasdaran)
Rentier state
Resource curse
Maslahat
Green Movement
reformers vs. conservatives
Majmu’eh (Society of the Militant Clergy) vs. Jam’eh (Association of the Militant Clergy)
Iman Jum'ehs
Hojjat al-Islams
Powers and roles of Guardian Council, Supreme Leader, Majles, President, Expediency Council and Assembly of Religious Experts
1. Discuss the source of the legitimacy problem associated with “earthly” regimes in Shia Islam prior to Khomeini’s book, Vilayat-e Faghih. How does Khomeini’s revision of this allow for the establishment of a theocracy within this country?
2. Describe in detail how Iran combines theocracy with democracy in its governmental system. Assess the relative balance between these two forces.
3. What are some of the ways in which the oil industry has advanced or distorted development in Iran?
4. List the steps in the electoral process used to elect the Iranian president. What is considered to be the main obstacle to fair elections in Iran?
5. What are the powers and limitations of Iran’s parliament?
6. What are the most important political challenges that now face Iran?
Mexico:
Mestizo
Ejidos
maquiladoras
import substituting industrialization (ISI)
parastatal
clientelism
state capitalism
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
National Action Party (PAN)
Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)
NAFTA
el dedazo
sexenio
amparos
1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
Corporatist state
Anticlericalism
Porfiriato
Accommodation
1. What is the PRI? Describe how it has traditionally dominated the Mexican political system. List the other main political parties and briefly discuss their general platforms and typical supporters.
2. Describe the process of el dedazo. Describe two reasons why this process is no longer utilized in Mexico.
3. Mexico’s political system was traditionally characterized as a “hyper-presidential” system. What formed the basis for this characterization? Is this characterization still true? (Make sure to support your argument here.)
4. Are state institutions like the military and the judiciary truly independent of the executive branch of government? In what ways have these institutions promoted or hindered the growth of democracy in recent years?
5. What are the power bases of the main political parties in Mexican politics? What factors made it possible for the PAN to unseat the long-dominant PRI in 2000? What accounts for the continuing viability of the PRI as a political force?
6. What challenges does the process of globalization pose to Mexican’s strong sense of national identity?
.
ipopulation monitoring in radiation emergencies a gui.docxmariuse18nolet
i
population monitoring in radiation emergencies: a guide for state and local public health planners
Developed by the
Radiation Studies Branch
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
National Center for Environmental Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
August 2007
PREDECiSioNal DRaft
this planning guide is provided as a predecisional draft. Please send your comments
and suggestions to the Radiation Studies Branch at CDC via e-mail ([email protected])
or mail them to:
Radiation Studies Branch
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
National Center for Environmental Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd, NE (MS-E39)
atlanta, Ga 30333
Electronic copies of this document can be downloaded from
http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/population-monitoring-guide.pdf
population monitoring in radiation emergencies:
a guide for state and local public health planners
ii
population monitoring in radiation emergencies: a guide for state and local public health planners
acknowledgments
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) thanks the many individuals and
organizations that provided input to this document, including the office of the Secretary,
Department of Health and Human Services, and the Population Monitoring interagency Working
Group.
Representatives from the following agencies and organizations participated in the CDC
roundtable on population monitoring on January 11–12, 2005, and many provided comments on
initial drafts of this document:
American Red Cross (ARC)
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI)
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO)
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc. (CRCPD)
Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)
Columbia University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Indian Health Services
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
New York City Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
State of Arkansas Department of Health
State of California Department of Public Health
State of Georgia Division of Public Health, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
State of Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA)
State of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory Department of Health
State of Maine Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory
State of Washington Department of Health
Texas A&M University, Department of Nuclear Engineering
University of Alabama-Birmingham, School of Public Health
University of Georgia, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication
University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiology
iii
population monitoring in radiation emergen.
In Innovation as Usual How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas .docxmariuse18nolet
In Innovation as Usual: How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas to Life (2013), Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg discuss the importance of establishing systems within organizations that promote not only the creativity that results in innovation, but also make it possible for employees to bring innovative ideas to fruition. Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg argue that a leader’s primary job “is not to innovate; it is to become an innovation architect, creating a work environment that helps . . . people engage in the key innovation behaviors as part of their daily work” (p. 4). Such a work environment must be reinforced by innovation architecture—the structures within an organization that support an innovation, from the brainstorming phase to final realization. The more well developed the architecture and the simpler the processes involved, the more likely employees are to be innovators.
For this assignment, you will research the innovation architecture of at least three companies that are well-known for successfully supporting a culture of innovation. Write a 1,500-word paper that addresses the following:
1. What particular elements of each organization’s culture, processes, and management systems and styles work well to support innovation?
2. Why do you think these organizations have been able to capitalize on innovation and intrapreneurship while others have not?
3. Based on what you have learned, what processes and systems might actually stifle innovation and intrapreneurship?
4. Imagine yourself as an innovation architect. What structures or processes would you put in place to foster a culture of innovation within your own organization?
Include in-text citations to at least four reputable secondary sources (such as trade journals, academic journals, and professional or industry websites) in your paper.
.
Investor’s Business Daily – Investors.comBloomberg Business – Blo.docxmariuse18nolet
Investor’s Business Daily – Investors.com
Bloomberg Business – Bloomberg.com
Bonds Online – Bondsonline.com
CBOE – CBOE.com
Yahoo Finance – Finance.Yahoo.com
SEC GOV EDGAR – sec.gov/edgar
Barron’s – barrons.com
CNBC – cnbc.com/pro
Treasury Direct – treasurydirect.gov
Goldman Sachs – goldmansachs.com
YouTube – Portfolio Management
Motley Fool
Morning Star – Morningstar.com
FI360 – fi360.com
Value Line – valueline.com
Earnings Cast – earningcast.com
WEEK 1
CHAPTER 1
DISCUSSION:
1. Briefly discuss each of the eight steps in the investment planning process. (p. 1)
2. Explain the importance of client assessment and capital markets assessment. (pp. 1-2)
3. Describe the three types of investments that can be included within a portfolio. (p. 2)
4. Discuss the importance of continuous monitoring of portfolios. (p. 3)
CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION:
1. Describe some of the debt instruments that may be included in a money market fund and the nature of these type instruments. (p. 5)
2. Explain how an investor might manage interest rate risk through the use of CDs. (p. 7, item #8)
3. Briefly discuss the nature of fees associated with the purchase of CDs as they relate to (a) banking institutions and (b) brokerage firms. (p. 9)
CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION:
1. Describe why a risk adverse investor would be inclined to favor a direct issue of Treasury Department over a corporate issue of similar length to maturity. (pp. 13-14)
2. Discuss the tax ramifications of purchasing a T-bill on the open market prior to its maturity. (pp. 14-15)
3. Briefly discuss, if all government securities with like maturites have the same risk/reward characteristics, WHY an investor might be selective in the type of security he purchases? (p. 16)
CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION:
1. Explain the rationale behind why an investor might choose NOT to sell bonds. (pp.20-21)
2. Discuss how interest income is usually received and the tax ramifications to an investor who receives such income in a taxable account. (pp. 21-22)
3. Briefly explain what the affect of interest rate movements are on the price of corporate bonds, especially as it relates to their term to maturity. (p. 24)
Chapter 5
CHAPTER DISCUSSION:
1. Briefly discuss how a convertible security can offer a “floor” value below which an investor can protect his investment (pp. 27-28)
2. Explain why the rates offered by convertible securities are generally lower than those available on nonconvertible issues of similar quality (p. 29)
3. Tell how profits and losses on a preferred stock are treated (p. 29)
4. Discuss the major advantages of an investor who buys a “stock purchase warrant” and a nonconvertible bond (pp. 27-28)
CHAPTER 6
DISCUSSION:
1. Distinguish between the three types of municipal bonds presented in the introduction, and decide when investors might find these financial instruments to be a useful “tool” in their portfolios (p. 35)
2. Explain why a risk averse investor might prefer investing in a “general obligation’ bond, rather th.
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth EditionChapter 8 Introdu.docxmariuse18nolet
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition
Chapter 8: Introductions and Conclusions
By Cindy L. Griffin
elizabeth () - changed
elizabeth () - changed to reflect new chapter numbers
Introduction
The speaker’s first contact with the audience
Introductions are like first impressions:
Important
Lasting
elizabeth () - new slide
Introduction
Catch the audience’s attention
Reveal the topic to the audience
Establish credibility with the audience
Preview the speech for the audience
Prepare a Compelling Introduction
Ask a Question
Tell a story
Recite a quotation or a poem
Give a demonstration
Make an intriguing or startling statement
Prepare a Compelling Introduction
State importance of topic
Share expertise
State what’s to come
Tips for the Introduction
Look for introductory materials as you do your research
Prepare and practice the full introduction in detail
Be brief
Be creative
elizabeth () - modified to reflect subhead
Conclusions
The speaker’s final contact with the audience
The conclusion represents your last impression:
Lingers with your listeners long after your speech is over
elizabeth () - new slide
The Conclusion
Bring your speech to an end
Reinforce your thesis statement
Prepare a Compelling Conclusion
Summarize main points
Answer introductory question
Refer back to the introduction
Recite a quotation
Tips for the Conclusion
Look for concluding materials
Be creative
Be brief
Don’t leave the conclusion to chance
Speech Introduction and Conclusion
Watch Mike deliver a speech introduction and conclusion.
Discuss if and how Mike Piel met the objectives of a speech introduction and conclusion.
Ellen DeGeneres
Ellen Degeneres Commencement Speech
Listen to the first 2 minutes of Ellen DeGeneres and identify how she remains audience-centered
There is more to citing sources than merely the accurate transcription or recitation of someone’s words.
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition
Chapter 7: Organizing and Outlining your Speech
By Cindy L. Griffin
elizabeth () - changed
elizabeth () - changed to correspond to new chapter numbers
Organize for Clarity
Organization: the systematic arrangement of ideas into a coherent whole, makes speeches listenable
Main Points
Main points; the most important, comprehensive ideas you address in your speech.
elizabeth () - new slide
Main Points
Identify main points
Use an appropriate number of main points
Order main points
Ordering Main Points
Chronological – Good for when the idea about which you are speaking extend over a period of time.
Spatial – An arrangement of ideas by location or direction.
Causal – A pattern that describes cause-and-effect relationships between ideas and events.
Problem-
Solution
– Identifies first a problem, then a solution.
Topical – Allows you to divide your topic into sub-topics and even sub-sub-topics.
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Keep each main point separate and distinc.
Invitation to the Life SpanRead chapters 13 and 14.Objectives.docxmariuse18nolet
Invitation to the Life Span
Read chapters 13 and 14.
Objectives:
Describe psychosocial changes in adulthood.
Describe and analyze personality theories that apply to adulthood.
Analyze the physical and cognitive changes that occur during late adulthood.
Adulthood and Late Adulthood
Introduction
The last module began an examination of adulthood. This module will finish the study of adulthood and begin a look at late adulthood.
Psychosocial Development in Adulthood
Erikson's seventh stage of generativity vs. stagnation occurs during this stage. Being generative means truly caring about the next generation (e.g., being a parent, teacher, coach, or conservationist) (Boeree, 2006b). The idea of a mid-life crisis has been a popular notion since the 1970s (see Berger's description of Levinson's research on page 459), but very little evidence for it exists. Modern personality theorists have backed off the word crisis, which implies a do-or-die decision point, and instead have started using terms like marker events, turning points, or passages (Sheehy, 1976).
Abraham Maslow created another prominent theory of personality development (examine his five stages of the hierarchy of needs in Berger, 2010, Figure 13.1, p. 457). The lowest level, physiological needs, must be satisfied first, followed by the others in ascending order. Because people spend so much time satisfying the four lowest needs, very few reach the highest stage of self-actualization, where people live up to their potential; at one point, Maslow estimated the percentage of self-actualizers to be around 2% (Boeree, 2006a). Numerous longitudinal studies have shown evidence of considerable stability and continuity in personality across the adult years (see Berger's discussion of Costa and McCrae's research).
Robert Havighurst (cited in Newman & Newman, 2010) states that adults in their 20s and 30s must face four developmental tasks. Tasks 1 and 2, marriage and childbearing, are affected by societal expectations (called the social clock). The probability of divorce hits its peak 2 to 4 years after marriage. Qualities for a successful marriage include similarity in personal characteristics, trust, sensitivity, and adjustment (including a mutually satisfying sexual relationship, economic factors, sleep patterns, food patterns, and toilet habits) (Kimmel, cited in Newman & Newman, 2010). Task 3 involves work, and includes four components: having technical skills, handling authority relationships, coping with unique demands of the job, and establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. Task 4 involves establishing a lifestyle that is compatible for both spouses (as well as dealing with constraints placed on the marriage by the children) (Newman & Newman, 2010).
For adults in their 40s and 50s, Havighurst (cited in Newman and Newman, 2010) discusses three crucial developmental tasks. Task 1 involves managing a household, including the following sub-tasks: 1) decision-making (about fina.
IOBOARD Week 2 Lab BPage 2 of 4Name _________________ Gr.docxmariuse18nolet
IOBOARD Week 2 Lab BPage 2 of 4
Name: _________________ Grade: __________
Title: IOBOARD I/O Board Pushbuttons and LEDs
1. OBJECTIVESCreate an ARM project to control LEDs from the corresponding pushbutton inputs on the I/O Board.
1. DESCRIPTION
The eight pushbutton inputs on the I/O board will independently operate the corresponding eight LEDs on the I/O board.
III.PROCEDURE
1. Create a folder with the following path C:\DeVry\ECT274\Week2\W2LB.
2. Follow the steps in the Week 2 Lab A Tutorial to set up the VI for the I/O Board (steps 1-10 of the tutorial). Save the project as “FiLastNameLab2-B.lvproj” and the VI as “FiLastNameLab2-B.vi” to the folder created in step 1.
3. Switch to the block diagram. This lab will have no controls or indicators on the front panel.
4. Add a While loop. Right-click on the Loop Condition input, then select Create Constant.
5. Add the IOBOARD VI inside the While loop. From the block diagram, right-click in block diagram, then select “Select a VI...” andselect the ReadWriteIOBoard (SubVI).vi located in the C:\DeVry\IOBOARD folder. Expand the icon as shown in Figure 1.
6. Right-click on the Board Component input of the I/O BOARD icon and then CreateConstant.
7. Using the selector, change the constant to Pushbuttons.
8. Right-click on the Operation input of the I/O BOARD icon, then Create Constant.
9. Using the selector, change Write To Board to Read From Board.
10. Right-click on the Data to Board input of the I/O Board icon, then Create Constant. Leave the constant to 0. The pushbuttons can now be read from the I/O board. Data To Board, 0, is ignored. Data are expected from the board. Your VI should look similar to the figure 2 below.
Figure 2
11. The data that were read will now be sent to the LEDs on the I/O board.
12. Add another I/O BOARD Library VI to the While loop. Place it to the right of the first IOBOARD Library VI icon.
13. Using the second library icon, right-click on the Board Component input of the IOBOARD Board icon and then CreateConstant.
14. If the constant is not LEDs, Use the selector to change it to LEDs.
15. Right-click on the Operation input of the second IOBOARD icon and then Create Constant. The constant should be Write to Board.
16. Wire the output Data From Board of the first icon to the input Data To Board of the second icon. This will allow data to pass from the pushbuttons to the LEDs.
17. Add a half second wait to the While loop. The Wait (ms) function is located on the Time, Dialog… subpalette of the Programming palette. Create a constant of 500 for an input of 500 ms or one half second.
18. The final VI is shown in Figure 3 below.
Figure 3
19. Save the project.
20. Connect power to the ARM board. Run the VI. When a pushbutton on the I/O board is pressed, the corresponding LED should go on. Verify board operations.
21. Stop the program by pressing the Reset button on the ARM board.
22. Exit LabVIEW.
23. From the project folder, zip the files with the following name.
INVITATION TO Computer Science 1 1 Chapter 17 Making .docxmariuse18nolet
INVITATION TO
Computer Science 1 1
Chapter 17
Making Decisions about Computers,
Information, and Society
Objectives
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Use ethical reasoning to evaluate social issues
related to computing
• Describe the viewpoints of music users and music
publishers about the issue of music file sharing
• Apply utilitarian arguments to ethical issues
• Explain the social tradeoffs involved in lawful
intercept laws and their opposition
• Explain the purpose of a dialectic process
• Use analogies to evaluate ethical issues
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 2
Objectives (continued)
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Provide arguments that support and oppose
hackers who claim to be performing a social good
• Perform deontological analysis of the duties and
responsibilities of parties in an ethical issue
• Describe cyberbullying and why legal remedies are
difficult to apply
• Explain the potential downsides of sexting for those
engaged in it
• Explain why information online may not be private
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 3
Introduction
• Social and ethical issues related to information
technology are unavoidable
• Develop skills to reason about such issues
• Case studies introduce important ethical issues
– Describe arguments for and against certain positions
– Evaluate arguments in terms of ethics
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 4
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money
• MP3 standard for compressing sound developed in
1987
• Patented and worldwide by early 1990s
• Computer-based MP3 playback in 1997
• WinAmp application free on the Internet in 1998
• Users began transmitting and sharing MP3 music
• Napster file-sharing system developed, 1999
• Peer-to-peer file sharing:
– Software introduces users to each other
– Sharing happens directly between users
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 5
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 6
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money (continued)
• Recording companies filed suit against Napster,
1999
• Lawsuit claimed Napster was a conspiracy to
encourage mass infringement of copyright
• Facts:
– Most shared music was copyrighted
– Many artists opposed sharing---no revenue for them
– Some artists supported sharing
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 7
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money (continued)
• Napster claims:
– Napster was just a “common carrier”
– Napster reported song locations, was not involved in
actual sharing
– They were not responsible for users’ behaviors
– Swapping files this was should be “fair use” under
copyright law
• Napster lost the case and appeals, and closed in
2001
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 8
C.
Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management AD 717 OLHomework E.docxmariuse18nolet
Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management
AD 717 OL
Homework Exercise 7 - Derivatives
1) On June 21, 2011, the GE’s stock closed at $18.81 per share. The accompanying table lists the prices for GE’s exchange-traded options. Using this data, calculate the payoff and the profit for each of the following September expiration options, assuming that at the September expiration the value of the stock was $17.72.
a) Call option X = $17
b) Put option x = $17
c) Call option x = $19
d) Put option x = $19
e) Call option x = $15
f) Put option x = $21
2. It is mid July. You believe that Walmart stock which is currently priced at $53.00 will appreciate significantly over the next several months. A long-term equity call option (LEAPS) with an expiry in mid January and a strike price of $52.50 is available at a price of $2.50. You have $10,600 to invest. You consider 4 alternatives:
a) Use your entire amount of funds to buy the stock outright
b) Use the entire amount to purchase the stock on margin. Assume that the minimum margin requirement is 50% and that you will pay 7% (annually) on borrowed funds.
c) Use the entire amount of funds to buy LEAPS call options with the January expiry date.
d) Buy options for 200 shares and use the rest of the money to buy government bills paying 1% per year. (hence figure on 6 months of interest).
For simplicity ignore any brokerage charges Calculate the net gain or loss from each strategy as of mid January assuming that the price of stock is:
Gain / Loss from Investment in Walmart
Investment Strategy
Stock Price in Mid January
$45
$50
$55
$60
Stock Outright
Stock on Margin
All Options
Options & Bills
3) One of the financial instruments that attracted so much hostile fire in the analysis of the recent financial crisis were “Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligations” (synthetic cdos) which used “synthetic debt” as its collateral. Describe how you could use a combination of risk free investments and derivatives to create the same pay-off / risk profile as if you were holding a corporate bond, say for IBM. Explain how the pay-off / risk profile is the same (a) if the company remains afloat and pays all of its debt obligations on time or (b) if the company defaults on its debt obligations.
4) A stock is currently priced at $50. The risk free interest rate is 10% per year. What is the value of a call option on the stock with a strike price of $45 due in one year?
a) Using the Binomial valuation approach, assume that at the end of one year the value of the stock could either have increased to $60 or decreased to $40.
b) Using the Black-Scholes model, assume that the annual volatility (standard deviation) of the stock price is 25%.
5) On June 29, 2010 the S&P 500 stood at 1308.44. The one year futures price on the index was 1278.7. The 1 year risk free rate was 0.238%. Using the Spot-Futures Parity relationship, calculate the annualized expected.
Investment BAFI 1042 Kevin Dorr 3195598 GOODMAN .docxmariuse18nolet
Investment BAFI 1042
Kevin Dorr 3195598
GOODMAN FIELDER LIMITED (GFF)
COMPANY VALUATION REPORT
1
GOODMAN FIELDER
LIMITED
COMPANY VALUATION REPORT
Scope
• The report looks at all publicly available data about the company via
the annual reports and publications
• An analyses of the company’s weakness and strength has been
conducted with detailed look at the fundamentals impacting the company
• The report outlines the ratios in relation to probability, return on
equity, using several modelling techniques
• There are charts and information used form the cash flow statement,
balance sheet and historical data sourced from the ASX
• The analysis of the company is compared to its competitors, industry,
sector and market it operates in.
• The report looks at stock price movement and all assumptions are
made available and are explained.
• Expert opinion and copyrighted material is used in the report and has
been appropriately
referenced.
REPORT
OUTLINE
This report attempt to
provide an analytical
evaluation of
Goodman fielder,
every attempt has
been made to make all
data accessible and
complete. This report
contains financial data,
historical analysis,
forecasts and
estimates based on
best available and
most up to date
information. The aim is
for the reader to be
able to make an
informed decision
about the fair value of
GFF stock and
compare it to GFF
peers in the industry. It
should give reader the
ability to form an
opinion on Goodman
fielder as an
investment based on
financial information
analytics.
2
Executive summary
Goodman fielder is one of the largest producers of food in Australia and it supplies product in many categories,
however it is first or second in every food category it participates in. It owns brands such as such as Nature's
Fresh, Helga's, Praise, Wonder White, Quality Bakers, White Wings, and Meadow Lea with offerings in consumer
brands such as Fresh milk, Meadow White Wings cake mixes, Praise salad dressings, and Leaning Tower frozen
pizza (Yahoo Finance 2012). It reaches over 30000 outlets in and around Australia. There are several major
shareholders of the company such as J. P. Morgan Nominees Australia Limited which owns 19%, HSBC Custody
Nominees (Australia) Limited that owns 17% and National Nominees Limited the owners of 22% of the
company(ASX 2012.)
On 19 August 2011 Goodman Fielder announced a net loss of $166.7 million for the year ended 30 June 2011,
this was attributable to a non-cash impairment charge of $300 million. Revenues from ordinary activities were
$2.56 billion, which is down 3.9% from the year before The New CEO of Goodman Fielder Limited Chris Delaney
is going to implement a strategic review which is focused on improving the performance of the company. There
are significant opportunities to increase efficiency, improve supply chain structure and inno.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Intercultural Communication Studies XX 1 (2011) Sun17.docx
1. Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
17
Intercultural Communication and Global Democracy:
A Deweyan Perspective
Sun Youzhong
Beijing Foreign Studies University, China
Abstract
Understanding intercultural communication as the exchange of
information between
individuals of different cultural backgrounds, theorists of this
field are primarily
concerned with mapping the patterns of cultural similarities and
differences, revealing
the effects of cultural factors on the process of intercultural
communication, sorting
the components of intercultural communication competence, and
seeking the formulas
to remove misunderstandings and breakdowns in intercultural
communication.
By contrast, American philosopher John Dewey takes a moral
approach to define
communication as individually distinctive members of a
community sharing
experiences, participating in joint activities, cooperating in free
social inquiry and the
distribution of its conclusions, transforming habits, and
ultimately making life rich
2. and varied in meanings. This Deweyan moralist perspective can
be applied to situate
intercultural communication studies in the context of a
globalizing world where global
democracy, though far from playing any noticeable role in
regulating international
relations at present, should ultimately rule if humankind is to
have a future and continue
to thrive. From a Deweyan perspective, the construction of a
global public in a global
democratic community is the foundation or precondition of
global democracy. This is
where intercultural communication, understood not only as
practical means to satisfy
immediate individual, organizational and national needs in
intercultural contexts, but
also as consummate ends or an intercultural democratic way of
life, could make its
unique contribution.
Keywords: global democracy, John Dewey, intercultural
communication
Introduction
It is generally agreed that we live in an age of globalization.
But when did it begin? Some
historians might point at October 24, 1946, when the first
grainy, black-and-white photos of
our earth were taken from an altitude of 65 miles by a 35-
millimeter motion picture camera
riding on a V-2 missile launched from the New Mexico dessert.
Clyde Holliday, the engineer
who developed the camera, wrote in National Geographic in
1950, the V-2 photos showed for
the first time “how our Earth would look to visitors from
3. another planet coming in on a space
ship.” That was the first time human beings saw with their own
eyes their habitats on separate
continents as one globe. Other historians would trace further
back to the late 19th century when
the second industrialization coupled with Western imperialism
incorporated all the countries
of the globe into one world market system. But that first stage
of modern globalization slowed
18
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
down during the period from the start of the First World War
until the third quarter of the twen-
tieth century. According to the official observation of the
United Nations, the advanced stage
of globalization emerged during the fourth quarter of the
twentieth century.1 Another historical
point of time in the development of globalization might be
August 6, 1991, when British sci-
entist Berners-Lee posted a short summary of the World Wide
Web project on the alt.hypertext
newsgroup, marking the debut of the Internet age.
Obviously it is futile to try to pin down a particular date as the
beginning of globalization
because it did not take place within one day or one year or even
one decade. It was, accord-
ing to Held (2000), “a set of processes which shift the spatial
form of human organization and
activity to transcontinental or inter-regional patterns of activity,
interaction and the exercise
4. of power” (p. 19). Viewed historically, globalization has
undergone an accelerating evolution
process over centuries on three dimensions: “1) the
extensiveness of networks and connections;
2) the intensity of flows and levels of activity within these
networks; and 3) the impact of these
phenomena on particular bounded communities” (Held, 2000, p.
19).
The first two dimensions indicate the growing
interconnectedness of the peoples and their
activities across national borders. Economically, a rising
number of giant multinational corpo-
rations has led to the rapid expansion of international trade
reaching unprecedented levels; at
the same time, global financial flows have also grown
tremendously, creating a more integrated
financial system than has ever been known. Culturally, the
inexorable spreading of English as
the dominant language of the global society, the vigorous
prosperity of international tourism,
the rapid escalation of mass communication across national
borders launched by the dramatic
globalization of telecommunications and the booming success of
international multimedia con-
glomerates have ushered in the birth of a global village, for
good or bad. Environmentally, for
the first time in world history, human beings spread in different
zones of the globe have found
themselves confronting a myriad of serious common problems
such as global warming, trans-
boundary pollution, desertification, resource over-consumption,
etc. Institutionally and legally,
the behavior of nation-states of the world is more and more
constrained and regulated by vari-
ous international organizations and laws (Held, 2000, pp. 20-
5. 26).
The “stretching” and “deepening” of the interactions among
nations and peoples of the
world have exerted far-reaching impact on the local
communities and individuals around the
globe. As McGrew (1997) commented:
…in the context of intense global and regional
interconnectedness, the very idea of
political community as an exclusive territorially delimited unit
is at best unconvincing
and at worst anachronistic. In a world in which global warming
connects the long-
term fate of many Pacific islands to the actions of tens of
millions of private motorists
across the globe, the conventional territorial conception of
political community appears
profoundly inadequate. Globalization weaves together, in highly
complex and abstract
1 Summary of the Annual Review of Developments in
Globalization and Regional Integration in the
Countries of the ESCWA Region by the United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Western
Asia.
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
19
systems, the fate of households, communities and peoples in
distant regions of the
globe. (p. 237)
6. Faced with this growing tendency of global interconnectedness,
theorists of globalization
have proposed various scenarios, among which five major ones
are worthy of examination here,
namely benevolent imperialism, nationalism, multilateralism,
localism and global democracy.
Benevolent imperialism advocates the use of power for the
United States to shape the world
according to its values. Nationalism or realism maintains that
all states use their power in
pursuit of their national interests, that balance-of-power politics
is not only a descriptive,
but also a prescriptive view of the world, that it is the duty of
national government officials
to defend national interests, and that accepting international
constraints on the exercise of
power is not only undesirable, but also dangerous.
Multilateralism, sometimes called liberal
internationalism, subscribes to the existing international
institutions within which nation states
solve global problems and resolve conflicts among their
respective national interests. Localism
is strongly committed to the fulfillment of human rights
throughout the world, yet insists that
sustainable economic development and ambitious global
objectives could be achieved through
national or local decision making (Jacobs, 2007, pp. 69-93).
The globalization scenario, which is the most idealistic (not
necessarily utopian), most
morally justified and worthy of our utmost devotion, is global
democracy or cosmopolitan
democracy.
Jacobs (2007) defines it as “the application of key concepts of
7. liberal representative
democracy to the global level of government, which would
happen incrementally over
several decades by developing institutional innovations already
adopted by some international
institutions” (p. 94).
Archibugi (1998) defines it as “an ambitious project whose aim
is to achieve a world order
based on the rule of law and democracy” (p. 198). He accepts
David Beetham’s definition of
democracy as “a mode of decision-making about collectively-
binding rules and policies over
which the people exercise control, and the most democratic
arrangement to be that where all
members of the collectivity enjoy effective equal rights to take
part in such decision-making
directly” (Archibugi, 1998, p. 199). He stresses the need of
developing democracy within
nations, among states and at the global level simultaneously
(Archibugi, 1998, p. 216).
For Held (2000), global democracy or cosmopolitan democracy
is “a double-sided process”
involving “not just the deepening of democracy within a
national community, but also the
extension of democratic processes across territorial borders” (p.
30). He writes, “In a world
where transnational actors and forces cut across the boundaries
of national communities in
diverse ways, and where powerful states make decisions not just
for their peoples but for others
as well, the questions of who should be accountable to whom,
and on what basis, do not easily
resolve themselves” (Held, 1998, p. 22). Therefore, in order for
democracy to function in a world
8. of “overlapping communities of fate” (Held, 1998, p. 22) new
institutions and mechanisms of
accountability need to be established.
For Falk (1998), global democracy, just like domestic
democracy, means “the accountability
of those with the power of decision, participation by those who
are subject to governance
structures, transparency of governance operations, adherence to
established procedures and
20
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
rules with means for redress in the event of perceived deviance,
and the advocacy of non-
violence as a core value with respect to security and
development policy” (p. 328).
The above normative prescriptions have set beautiful goals for
global democracy; the
remaining question is: how can we get there from here?
Theorists have offered various road
maps for democratizing globalization, for example, encouraging
nation-states to extend
internal democracy, reforming the United Nations, creating a
global parliament, establishing an
effective, accountable, international army, developing an
interconnected global legal system,
strengthening the European Union and other regional
organizations, fostering the growth of civil
society, etc.2 These solutions almost exclusively concentrate on
applying democratic principles
9. in transforming existing institutions or creating new
mechanisms, ignoring the possibility that
all these positive changes could never happen unless something
more fundamental is ready,
that is, “the creation of a global perspective and values in the
depths of people’s hearts and
minds” (Sakamoto, 1991, p. 122). In the same light, Held
mentions in passing the following
two “general conditions” among five as essential for the
establishment of global democracy:
1) Recognition by growing numbers of peoples of increasing
interconnectedness of
political communities in diverse domains including the social,
cultural, economic
and environmental;
2) Development of an understanding of overlapping “collective
fortunes” which require
collective democratic solutions—locally, nationally, regionally
and globally. (Held,
1998, p. 26)
The major concern of this paper is: How can we bring about this
shared “recognition” and
“understanding” among citizens of the world? My answer from a
Deweyan perspective, to put
it briefly, is: intercultural communication.
Why intercultural communication then? Because if we do not
choose intercultural
communication, we have only two other worse options,
imposing or drifting. With the former,
we can imagine a superpower that wields its overwhelming
influence, economic, cultural and
military, to impose on the citizens of the world, for hidden
10. national interests, its provincial
values often in the name of promoting universal values of
democracy, human rights, peace and
free trade. This imposing way of globalizing democracy goes
against democratic principles
and is doomed to fail democracy in the end. With the latter
option of drifting, human beings
submit to determinism, believing that without any human efforts
to give direction and guidance,
globalization will work its way out of chaos one day for the
miraculous realization of global
democracy. This drifting way of laissez-faire globalization has
already proved ineffective and
dangerous economically, environmentally and politically.
The last resort seems to be intercultural communication.
Understanding intercultural communication as the exchange of
information between individuals
and groups of different cultural backgrounds, theorists of this
field are currently preoccupied,
justifiably, with mapping the patterns of cultural similarities
and differences, revealing the effects
of cultural factors on the process of intercultural
communication, sorting the components of
2 See Held’s and Archibugi’s detailed proposals in Daniele
Archibugi, David Held & Martin
Köhler (Eds.), Re-imagining political community: Studies in
cosmopolitan democracy (pp. 25, 219-
222). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
11. 21
intercultural communication competence, and seeking the
formulas to remove misunderstandings
and breakdowns in intercultural communication. By contrast,
American philosopher John Dewey
takes a moral approach to define communication as individually
distinctive members of a
community sharing experiences, participating in joint activities,
cooperating in free social inquiry
and the distribution of its conclusions, transforming habits, and
ultimately making life rich and
varied in meanings. This Deweyan moralist perspective can be
applied to situate intercultural
communication studies in the context of a globalizing world
where global democracy, though far
from playing any noticeable role in regulating international
relations at present, should ultimately
rule if humankind is to have a future and continue to thrive.
Unlike the leading theorists of global
democracy who define it as mostly a decision-making
mechanism among nation-states of the
world, this paper stresses, from a Deweyan perspective, the
construction of a global public in a
democratic global community as the foundation or precondition
of global democracy. And this is
where intercultural communication, understood not only as
practical means to satisfy immediate
individual, organizational and national needs in intercultural
contexts, but also as consummate
ends or an intercultural democratic way of life, could make its
unique contribution.
What follows is a redefinition from a Deweyan perspective of
intercultural communication
in the context of a globalizing world where democracy is
12. pursued as an ultimate good.
1) Intercultural Communication Is a Transactional Process of
Knowing Involving Individuals
and Groups of Different Cultural Backgrounds
Epistemologically, intercultural communication can be
understood as a distinctive method
of knowing that requires the cooperation among individuals and
groups of different cultural
backgrounds. Stressing the “transactional” nature of
communication, Dewey (1949-1952)
writes, “The transactional is in fact that point of view which
systematically proceeds upon
the ground that knowing is cooperative and as such is integral
with communication” (p. 4).
Put in an intercultural context, this statement means that the
involved parties of intercultural
communication should respect each other as unique and equal
partners undertaking a common
cause of inquiry into problems concerning their common
interests. It also means valuing the
unique contribution each party might make to the process of
inquiry. And for that reason,
intercultural communication that is transactional requires the
involved parties to be ready to
“give and take” in the reciprocal exchanging of information and
views.
In addition, the transactional nature of communication
prescribes the cooperative knowing
as an open-ended process. Dewey (1949-1952) argues,
By its own processes it is allied with the postulational. It
demands that statements
be made as descriptions of events in terms of durations in time
13. and areas in space.
It excludes assertions of fixity and attempts to impose them. It
installs openness and
flexibility in the very process of knowing. It treats knowledge
as itself inquiry—as a
goal within inquiry, not as a terminus outside or beyond
inquiry. (p. 5)
Following this principle of “openness” and “flexibility” would
help rid intercultural
communication of ethnocentrism, absolutism and
fundamentalism that often reduce
22
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
intercultural communication into intercultural confrontation and
antagonism. When intercultural
communication becomes transactional, global problems of any
kind blocking the way of global
democracy can be investigated cooperatively and experimentally
by individuals and groups
of different cultural backgrounds so that rich resources of the
world’s myriad of cultures are
pooled together and exploited to the fullest extent and various
possible solutions are tried
experimentally and conditions are ameliorated gradually.
2) Intercultural Communication Transforms the Hardened
Habits of Individuals and Groups
of Different Cultural Backgrounds, Ultimately Generating One
Dynamic Heterogeneous
World Culture
14. As individuals learn to adapt to their environment, they form
habits. The habits thus
formed may set a limit on their further learning, preconditioning
what to learn as well as how
to learn. This, however, happens only when individuals are
isolated from communicating with
one another, resulting in “a non-communicating habit” (Dewey,
1925b, p. 215). According to
Dewey, “Communication not only increases the number and
variety of habits, but tends to link
them subtly together, and eventually to subject habit-forming in
a particular case to the habit of
recognizing that new modes of association will exact a new use
of it. Thus habit is formed in
view of possible future changes and does not harden so readily”
(1925b, p. 214).
It is the same case with culture. When cultures are isolated and
prevented from
communicating with one another, they tend to ossify. By
contrast, intercultural communication
creates opportunities for various cultures to interact with and
learn from each other, expanding
the horizons of individual cultures and introducing novel
cultural resources for cultural
reconstruction and innovation. The increasing frequency of
individual cultures interacting with
each other accelerated by globalization will gradually lead to
one cohesive world culture that is
at the same time heterogeneous and dynamic.
3) Intercultural Communication Contributes to the Forming of a
Global Democratic
Community Where Sharing and Participation Are Made Possible
for Individuals and
15. Groups of Different Cultural Backgrounds
Throughout his life from late 19th century to the middle of the
20th century, Dewey (1946)
was never satisfied with the existing American democracy
model consisting of two major
parties competing against each other. He argues,
[D]emocracy is much broader than a special political form…. It
is… a way of life,
social and individual. The keynote of democracy as a way of
life may be expressed…
as the necessity for the participation of every mature human
being in formation of the
values that regulate the living of men together: which is
necessary from the standpoint
of both the general social welfare and the full development of
human beings as
individuals. (p. 57)
To be more particular, Dewey (1916) upholds two criteria to
measure democracy:
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
23
The two elements in our criterion both point to democracy. The
first signifies not only
more numerous and more varied points of shared common
interest, but greater reliance
upon the recognition of mutual interests as a factor in social
control. The second
means not only freer interaction between social groups … but
16. change in social habit
– its continuous readjustment through meeting the new
situations produced by varied
intercourse. And these two traits are precisely what characterize
the democratically
constituted society. (p. 101)
For Dewey, the most secure foundation of democracy is a
democratic community in
which social inquiry is cooperatively conducted, its conclusions
freely distributed, and social
institutions flexibly readjusted accordingly.
But how to bring about such a democratic community? Dewey
(1925-1927a) writes,
“Communication can alone create a great community. Our Babel
is not one of tongues but of
the signs and symbols without which shared experience is
impossible” (p. 324). For one thing,
communication enables individuals to share experiences and
recognize common interests; for
another, as Dewey (1920) put it, “Communication, sharing, joint
participation are the only
actual ways of universalizing the moral law and end” (p. 197).
Through communication, Dewey
believes, a self-conscious public is formed that would devote
itself to the constant amelioration
of the democratic community.
This is also true of global democracy. As some theorists point
out, cosmopolitan citizens
with a shared set of global values and due recognition of
common global interests have to
be present so that global democracy could function. The most
effective way of creating such
cosmopolitan identities lies in, most probably, the creation and
17. expansion of a global public
sphere or a global civil society where free communication
among the global public or world
citizens across cultures is guaranteed. As Dewey (1925-1927b)
writes, “[Democracy] will have
its consummation when free social inquiry is indissolubly
wedded to the art of full and moving
communication” (p. 350). The growing numbers of well-
organized international conferences are
good examples of such communicating communities. Other
examples include nongovernmental
organizations or civil society groups organized for some global
public purpose. To accelerate
this trend, intercultural communication research and education
in the universities worldwide
plays an especially significant role in inculcating in the minds
and hearts of future world citizens
a human identity, “multiple citizenships” (Held, 2000, p. 30)
and a core set of cosmopolitan
norms, laying a solid foundation for global democracy.
4) Intercultural Communication Is Both the Means and Ends of
Global Democracy
If global democracy can be understood as a democratic
community in which individuals and
groups of various cultural backgrounds share interests,
cooperate to solve the problems facing
them, and enrich the meanings of each other’s life, then
intercultural communication and its
“congenial objects” are objects “ultimately worthy of awe,
admiration, and loyal appreciation”
(Dewey, 1925a, p. 159). Dewey (1925a) writes, “They are
worthy as means, because they are
the only means that make life rich and varied in meanings. They
are worthy as ends, because in
18. such ends man is lifted from his immediate isolation and shares
in a communion of meanings”
24
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
(p. 159). In this sense, global democracy and democratic
intercultural communication are
interchangeable terms.
As such, global democracy is not to be achieved within a short
period of time through
undemocratic means that claim to be immediately effective.
Dewey (1938-1939b) maintains,
“[D]emocratic ends demand democratic methods for their
realization. … [D]emocracy can be
served only by the slow day by day adoption and contagious
diffusion in every phase of our
common life of methods that are identical with the ends to be
reached….” (p. 187) Global
democracy is, therefore, an open-ended process in which
intercultural communication is
operated democratically on a daily basis.
5) Intercultural Communication through Mass Media Is Liable
to Manipulation and
Malfunction at the Expense of the Public Sphere
In the early years of mass production, Dewey was far-sighted to
detect the potential
negative impact of mass media. According to his observation,
media technologies produced
by modern science had multiplied the means of modifying the
19. dispositions of the mass of
the population, which, in conjunction with economic
centralization, had enabled mass opinion
to be mass-produced like physical goods (Dewey, 1938-1939a,
p. 91). He further points out,
“Aside from the fact that the press may distract with trivialities
or be an agent of a faction, or be
an instrument of inculcating ideas in support of the hidden
interest of a group or class (all in the
name of public interest), the wide-world present scene is such
that individuals are overwhelmed
and emotionally confused by publicized reverberation of
isolated events” (Dewey, 1938-1939a,
p. 92). With the evolution of mass communication expanding
into every corner of the globe
today, all these problems of media manipulation and
malfunction that Dewey was concerned
about have worsened rather than disappeared. In the
globalization context, international mass
media have more often than not hindered the constructive
communication between different
cultures.
To offset the negative effects of mass communication, Dewey
advocates a return to face-to-
face communication. He writes, “Vital and thorough
attachments are bred only in the intimacy
of an intercourse which is of necessity restricted in range. . . .”
(Dewey, 1925-1927c, pp.
367-368) He believes that “[d]emocracy must begin at home,
and its home is the neighborly
community” (Dewey, 1925-1927c, pp. 367-368). Unfortunately,
Dewey did not live to see
the birth of various kinds of new media that have the potential
to increase the opportunity of
“face-to-face” communication in the “virtual neighborhood.” It
20. remains a question how we can
use mass media, old and new, intelligently to better promote
intercultural communication and
global democracy.
In conclusion, this paper has attempted to formulate a Deweyan
normative version of
intercultural communication conducive to the growth of global
democracy. Skeptics of global
democracy might simply deride it as utopian, but I share
Marchetti’s (2008) not entirely
unfounded optimism:
[G]lobal democracy is no more unrealistic today than national
democracy was 200
years ago, or women’s enfranchisement fifty years ago, or
blacks voting in the US
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
25
south just a few decades ago, or the end of the apartheid system
in South Africa even
more recently, if we assume the correct normative perspective.
(p. 174)
References
Archibugi, Daniele. (1998). Principles of cosmopolitan
democracy. In Daniele Archibugi, David
Held & Martin Köhler (Eds.), Re-imagining political
community: Studies in cosmopolitan
democracy (pp. 198-228). Cambridge: Polity Press.
21. Dewey, John. (1916). Democracy and education. New York:
Macmillan.
Dewey, John. (1920). Reconstruction in philosophy. In Jo Ann
Boydston (Ed.), The middle
works of John Dewey, 1899-1924 (Vol, 12, pp. 77-201).
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Dewey, John. (1925a). Nature, communication and meaning. In
Jo Ann Boydston (Ed.), The
later works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 1, pp. 132-161).
Carbondale, IL: Southern
Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John. (1925b). Nature, life and body-mind. In Jo Ann
Boydston (Ed.), The later
works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 1, pp. 191-225).
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Dewey, John. (1925-1927a). The eclipse of the public. In Jo
Ann Boydston (Ed.), The later
works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 2, pp. 304-324).
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Dewey, John. (1925-1927b). Search for the great community. In
Jo Ann Boydston (Ed.), The
later works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 2, pp. 325-350).
Carbondale, IL: Southern
Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John. (1925-1927c). The problem of method. In Jo Ann
Boydston (Ed.), The later
22. works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 2, pp. 351-374).
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Dewey, John. (1938-1939a). Culture and human nature. In Jo
Ann Boydston (Ed.), The later
works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 13, pp. 80-98).
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Dewey, John. (1938-1939b). Democracy and America. In Jo
Ann Boydston (Ed.), The later
works of John Dewey, 1925-1953 (Vol, 13, pp. 173-188).
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Dewey, John. (1946). Problems of man. New York:
Philosophical Library.
Dewey, John. (1949-1952). Preface. In Jo Ann Boydston (Ed.),
The later works of John Dewey,
1925-1953 (Vol, 16, pp. 3-5). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press.
Falk, Richard. (1998). The United Nations and cosmopolitan
democracy: Bad dream, Utopian
fantasy, political project. In Daniele Archibugi, David Held &
Martin Köhler (Eds.),
Re-imagining political community: Studies in cosmopolitan
democracy (pp. 309-331).
Cambridge: Polity Press.
Held, David. (1998). Democracy and globalization. In Daniele
Archibugi, David Held & Martin
Köhler (Eds.), Re-imagining political community: Studies in
cosmopolitan democracy (pp.
23. 26
Intercultural Communication Studies XX: 1 (2011) Sun
11-27). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Held, David. (2000). The changing contours political
community: Rethinking democracy in
the context of globalization. In Barry Holden (Ed.), Global
democracy: Key debates (pp.
17-31). London and New York: Routledge.
Jacobs, Didier. (2007). Global democracy: The struggle for
political and civil rights in the 21st
century. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
Marchetti, Raffaele. (2008). Global democracy: For and against.
London and New York:
Routledge.
McGrew, Anthony G. (1997). Democracy beyond borders?:
Globalization and the reconstruction
of democratic theory and practice. In Anthony G. McGrew
(Ed.), The transformation of
democracy?: Globalization and territorial democracy (pp. 231-
266). Cambridge: Polity
Press.
Sakamoto, Yoshikazu. (1991). The global context of
democratization. Alternatives: Social
transformation and humane governance, 16, 110-123.
Author Note
24. Professor Sun Youzhong is the dean of the School of English
and International Studies
at Beijing Foreign Studies University. He is vice president of
the China Association
for Intercultural Communication, vice president of the Chinese
Association of Global
Communication, and Associate Editor-in-Chief of the Chinese
Journal of Intercultural
Communication. His research interests span intercultural mass
communication, and
American studies. He is the author of Decoding China’s Image:
A Comparative Study
of the China Reporting by The New York Times and The Times
1993-2002; John
Dewey’s Social Thought; co-author of three books in American
studies, and editor of
four books in intercultural communication. He has published
numerous articles in a
number of journals at home and abroad.
Copyright of Intercultural Communication Studies is the
property of International Association for Intercultural
Communication Studies and its content may not be copied or
emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv
without the copyright holder's express written permission.
However, users may print, download, or email
articles for individual use.