The current study's main goal is to look into the relationship between leadership styles and Erbil's financial outlook. Government officials, administrators, and leaders of large companies and organisations make critical decisions on a regular basis and expect positive outcomes in achieving their goals. 130 participants were involved in the present study. The results revealed that the highest value among all leadership styles was charismatic leadership. According to the research findings, there are more to uncover on the subject of leadership styles and Financial outlook in Erbil. A bigger sample size and including all the key races in Erbil would provide support for further studies.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the impact of public sector interventions on business start-up rates among university entrepreneurship graduates in Nigeria. The study used a mixed-methods approach, surveying 391 graduates and interviewing 10. The results found that graduates exhibited high levels of entrepreneurial awareness and willingness to start businesses despite challenges in Nigeria's business environment. The study recommends that the government continue supporting university entrepreneurship programs and work to address obstacles in the business environment hindering new venture formation.
This study investigates the role of private sector innovation and entrepreneurship in reducing poverty. It uses data from 58 countries from 2001 to 2008 to examine the relationship between two proxies of innovation and entrepreneurship - worldwide patent applications and business registrations - and measures of poverty. Regression estimates and scatter plots indicate that higher levels of innovation and entrepreneurship are associated with significantly lower poverty rates. Furthermore, poverty is reduced to a greater extent when innovation interacts with and enhances entrepreneurship. The study concludes that promoting innovation and enterprise development through public policy can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and alleviating poverty in developing countries.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
Salesforce CRM: A new way of managing Customer Relationship in cloud environmentEECJOURNAL
with the appearance of distributed computing, associations are hoping to move their Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications from an On-Premise environment or we can say local servers to an On-Demand environment that is on a cloud server. The on-Premise environment is when an association has the framework and programming inside its system. In On-Demand environment, an outsider has the base and programming and charges the relationship in light of its participation show. Salesforce is the principle On-Demand CRM thing.
This document summarizes a literature review on business process reengineering (BPR). It analyzes 27 peer-reviewed articles on BPR published between 2012 and 2021 in the Scopus database. Key findings include:
1) The most publications were in 2015 and 2016, with journals like the Journal of Business Process Management publishing multiple articles.
2) Research covered issues like loss of employee autonomy and challenges implementing BPR in sectors like healthcare and aviation. Advantages included improved efficiency and competitiveness.
3) Future research prospects include further examining BPR implementation barriers in different contexts and sectors.
Mediating Role of Training on the relationship between MicroFinance Factors a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Task Environment and Organisational Responsiveness in Nigerian Banksijtsrd
This document discusses task environment and organizational responsiveness in Nigerian banks. It examines how Nigerian banks respond to challenges from their task environment, which includes customers, competitors, suppliers, and government policies. The document finds that the major forces influencing banks are customers, competitors and suppliers. Banks respond through strategies like planning, forecasting, changing their business domains, and lobbying. The task environment poses threats to banks' ability to provide financial services in Nigeria. Banks need strategies to leverage opportunities and counter threats from the environment, as well as mechanisms to gather relevant information and manage the dynamic nature of the environment.
Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in IT industry: Regressi...AkashSharma618775
This document discusses a study examining the effect of knowledge management on employee retention in the IT industry. It identifies key variables of knowledge management like organizational culture, leadership, financial resources, technological infrastructure, employee empowerment, training, continuous learning, and motivation. The study uses a descriptive research methodology including a survey of 100 IT industry employees. Regression analysis found a positive correlation between knowledge management and employee retention. Most employees agreed that the identified knowledge management variables influence retention. The study suggests organizations focus on technology, research/development, empowerment, motivation, and adapting to industry changes to better manage knowledge and retain employees.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the impact of public sector interventions on business start-up rates among university entrepreneurship graduates in Nigeria. The study used a mixed-methods approach, surveying 391 graduates and interviewing 10. The results found that graduates exhibited high levels of entrepreneurial awareness and willingness to start businesses despite challenges in Nigeria's business environment. The study recommends that the government continue supporting university entrepreneurship programs and work to address obstacles in the business environment hindering new venture formation.
This study investigates the role of private sector innovation and entrepreneurship in reducing poverty. It uses data from 58 countries from 2001 to 2008 to examine the relationship between two proxies of innovation and entrepreneurship - worldwide patent applications and business registrations - and measures of poverty. Regression estimates and scatter plots indicate that higher levels of innovation and entrepreneurship are associated with significantly lower poverty rates. Furthermore, poverty is reduced to a greater extent when innovation interacts with and enhances entrepreneurship. The study concludes that promoting innovation and enterprise development through public policy can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and alleviating poverty in developing countries.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
Salesforce CRM: A new way of managing Customer Relationship in cloud environmentEECJOURNAL
with the appearance of distributed computing, associations are hoping to move their Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications from an On-Premise environment or we can say local servers to an On-Demand environment that is on a cloud server. The on-Premise environment is when an association has the framework and programming inside its system. In On-Demand environment, an outsider has the base and programming and charges the relationship in light of its participation show. Salesforce is the principle On-Demand CRM thing.
This document summarizes a literature review on business process reengineering (BPR). It analyzes 27 peer-reviewed articles on BPR published between 2012 and 2021 in the Scopus database. Key findings include:
1) The most publications were in 2015 and 2016, with journals like the Journal of Business Process Management publishing multiple articles.
2) Research covered issues like loss of employee autonomy and challenges implementing BPR in sectors like healthcare and aviation. Advantages included improved efficiency and competitiveness.
3) Future research prospects include further examining BPR implementation barriers in different contexts and sectors.
Mediating Role of Training on the relationship between MicroFinance Factors a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Task Environment and Organisational Responsiveness in Nigerian Banksijtsrd
This document discusses task environment and organizational responsiveness in Nigerian banks. It examines how Nigerian banks respond to challenges from their task environment, which includes customers, competitors, suppliers, and government policies. The document finds that the major forces influencing banks are customers, competitors and suppliers. Banks respond through strategies like planning, forecasting, changing their business domains, and lobbying. The task environment poses threats to banks' ability to provide financial services in Nigeria. Banks need strategies to leverage opportunities and counter threats from the environment, as well as mechanisms to gather relevant information and manage the dynamic nature of the environment.
Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in IT industry: Regressi...AkashSharma618775
This document discusses a study examining the effect of knowledge management on employee retention in the IT industry. It identifies key variables of knowledge management like organizational culture, leadership, financial resources, technological infrastructure, employee empowerment, training, continuous learning, and motivation. The study uses a descriptive research methodology including a survey of 100 IT industry employees. Regression analysis found a positive correlation between knowledge management and employee retention. Most employees agreed that the identified knowledge management variables influence retention. The study suggests organizations focus on technology, research/development, empowerment, motivation, and adapting to industry changes to better manage knowledge and retain employees.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between environmental factors and the performance of micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) in Nigeria. The study focused on MSEs in two towns in Ondo State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted of 204 MSE owners/managers. The findings revealed that environmental factors like inadequate finance, inadequate infrastructure, and poor managerial skills had a significant negative relationship with MSE performance as measured by profit, revenue, and number of employees. Specifically, the study found that most MSEs are chronically underfunded due to issues accessing funding. Owners/managers also lacked requisite managerial skills because of ignorance of training benefits. Inadequate infrastructure only minimally affected performance because MSEs
Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study investigated labour incentives and organisatonal growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational design. The population of the study was 202 staff of Tide Newspaper Corporation and 176 staff of Radio Rivers Corporation in Rivers State, making the total of 376 respondents from two corporations. The sample size of the study was 194 respondents selected from the two 2 public corporations. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study adopted a questionnaire titled,‘Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth in Rivers State Public Corporation LIOGRSPC . The instrument was validated by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability index of the instrument was calculated using Cronbach Alpha, and it gave 0.68. Data collected from the field were analysed using Mean and Standard Deviation for the research questions, while regression was used to test the significance level of the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variables. The study revealed that there exists a significant positive relationship between financial incentive, staff promotion incentive, and staff human capacity development and organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study, therefore, recommended that positive efforts being made to further enhance organizational growth in the corporations. Orlu Chukwuemeka "Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38699.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/38699/labour-incentives-and-organisational-growth-of-public-corporations-in-rivers-state/orlu-chukwuemeka
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (With Special Refe...Umesh Gunarathne
This document summarizes a research paper on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance, specifically for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka. The paper reviews literature on entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. It identifies the problem of inconsistent past research findings on the relationship. The main research question is what is the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. The objective is to examine this relationship for SMEs in Sri Lanka.
The present study aimed to examine the effect of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational performance (OP). This study was motivated by the mixed findings in literature regarding the relationships between EO and organizational performance. Owing to the mixed results, a novel stream of research was created and this motivated further examining of the impact of other variables that may shed a light on the nature of the relationship. Several theories have been proposed in literature posit the direct relationships among strategies, resources and capabilities as antecedents of success. In this study, copies of questionnaires were distributed to 300 Libyan banks branches, where 200 copies of questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The proposed hypothesis was tested through PLS-SEM and the study results showed that EO positively predicted organizational performance.
This document summarizes a research study that examines the relationship between strategic agility, innovative organizational climate, and internal entrepreneurial behavior in aviation enterprises in Turkey. The study aims to determine whether an innovative organizational climate mediates the relationship between strategic agility and internal entrepreneurial behavior. It reviews relevant literature on strategic agility, internal entrepreneurship, and innovative organizational climate. The methodology section indicates that factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze data collected from aviation enterprise employees and test the hypotheses. The findings could help aviation enterprises improve their strategic agility and support internal entrepreneurship behaviors.
THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION ON STRATEGIC ALLIANCES’ FORMATION A...Mauro de Oliveira
Although entrepreneurship and alliances research fields provide valuable information on exploitation and knowledge
basis, the studies relating Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) to Strategic Alliances (SA) formation remains limited. To the best of our knowledge, only five studies (Marino et al., 2002; Teng, 2005; Franco & Haase, 2013; Brouthers et al, 2014; Shu et al., 2014) related entrepreneurship to SA. However, these studies did not consider Lumpkin and Dess’ (1996) EO perspectives as a multiple construction, and these studies failed to consider how these two factors [EO and Top Management Team (TMT)] interact and influence SA. Overall, our belief is that large corporations and small and mediumsized
enterprises (SME) that effectively integrate EO to SA are well
positioned to continuously create wealth.
Summary of Research on Financial Governance TheoryYogeshIJTSRD
Since the theory of financial governance came into being in my country’s academic circles, scholars have systematically studied financial governance in terms of the connotation, system, subject, and object of financial governance on the basis of foreign research and based on my country’s financial practice. A relatively complete theory of financial governance. But in general, due to the short research time, the research perspective is not comprehensive enough, and the research needs to be further enriched and developed. Zhang Yue "Summary of Research on Financial Governance Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44982.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/44982/summary-of-research-on-financial-governance-theory/zhang-yue
- The study examined the effects of coworker trust, transformational leadership, job stress, and employee silence on organizational cynicism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The study found that coworker trust and transformational leadership negatively impacted organizational cynicism, while job stress positively impacted organizational cynicism.
- Employee silence was found to strengthen the positive effect of job stress on organizational cynicism.
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between knowledge management and the performance of women-owned enterprises in Kenya. The study aimed to establish the association between management knowledge, financial knowledge, and the performance of micro women-owned businesses. The study reviewed relevant literature and theories around knowledge management and financial literacy. Empirical evidence on the relationship between knowledge management and firm performance was mixed. The study collected data from 118 owners of beauty enterprises in Kibera, Nairobi, using surveys and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results found that management knowledge and financial knowledge significantly and positively explained the performance of women-owned enterprises.
The company goal is to maximize the shareholders’ prosperity, not just to maximize profit. The fact is that the company not only has economic responsibility but also social responsibility to the community and its environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of good corporate governance (GCG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the firm value. The research sample of 15 companies was taken using purposive sampling from companies listed in the LQ-45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2014-2017. This study uses panel data regression analysis with Random Effect model method. GCG is a representation of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between GCG and CSR on firm value simultaneously. Partially, independent Commissioners and CSR each have an influence on the firm value, but there is an anomaly.
The Conceptual Assessment of Malaysian Entrepreneurshipnabaz4u
This document summarizes a journal article about assessing the concept of entrepreneurship orientation (EO) in Malaysia and its economic contributions. It finds that while the Malaysian government supports entrepreneurship through programs and loans, applying EO dimensions has contributed less to economic growth compared to other countries. Key challenges include low repayment of loans and a lack of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. For Malaysia to better realize the economic benefits of EO, entrepreneurs need more support to develop their businesses and increase profits to improve loan repayments, while the environment must continue supporting risk-taking and opportunities.
BusinessEthcsInSMEunderTheShelterOfCorporateGovernKashif Ali
This document discusses the importance of corporate governance, business ethics, and social responsibility for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. It notes that SMEs face challenges accessing finance, building international connections, and gaining technical knowledge. The document recommends developing a governance framework for SMEs that incorporates incentives to encourage ethical practices. This would help strengthen SME competitiveness and create a productive ethical business environment. The framework should be flexible, user-friendly, and focus on benefits for SMEs to attract more businesses into a formalized system of corporate governance.
Small–medium enterprise formation and nigerian economic growthYing wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses small-medium enterprises (SMEs) and their relationship to economic growth in Nigeria. It provides background on SMEs in Nigeria, noting they account for a large share of employment and output but the country still faces high unemployment, poverty, and low human development. The paper reviews literature on the importance of SMEs in creating jobs, innovation, and knowledge transfer. It also discusses theories of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial development. The purpose is to empirically examine the link between SME formation, employment, and economic growth in Nigeria using statistical techniques like error correction modeling and cointegration testing.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of fraud pentagon theory on financial statement fraud. The study used fraud score modeling to observe banking companies in Indonesia from 2016-2018. The results found that external pressure and financial stability had a significant effect on financial statement fraud, while audit opinion, audit committee changes, and external audit quality did not. The study aimed to empirically test relationships between several variables derived from fraud pentagon theory, agency theory, and information asymmetry theory on instances of financial statement fraud. Statistical analysis of the companies' financial data supported some but not all of the hypotheses.
The document defines business environment and its key components. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Business environment refers to external uncontrollable factors that influence business operations, including economic, social, political, technological, and legal factors.
2) The internal environment includes employees, shareholders, culture, and structure, while the external environment includes task environment of customers, suppliers, competitors, and general environment of political, economic, social and technological conditions.
3) Understanding the business environment is important for identifying opportunities and threats, strategic planning, and meeting competition. Regular environmental scanning and analysis allows businesses to adapt to changes in the external environment.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the impact of transformational leadership and motivation on teacher performance at SMK PANJATEK in North Bekasi, Indonesia. The study used a quantitative methodology, collecting data through questionnaires from teachers. The results of the analysis found that transformational leadership and motivation positively impacted organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational citizenship behavior was also found to positively impact performance. Additionally, organizational citizenship behavior was found to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and motivation on performance.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied consumer attitudes towards cosmetic products in Chitwan, Nepal. The study found that age, occupation, marital status, and education have a positive influence on consumer attitudes towards cosmetics, while income does not. Surveys were conducted with 110 respondents using a 5-point Likert scale, and 100 valid responses were analyzed. Factors like gathering information from others and brand loyalty were found to influence purchasing decisions. The findings can help marketers design effective marketing strategies for the cosmetics industry in Nepal.
Leadership Qualities and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: AnalyzingSmall an...IJAEMSJORNAL
This article seeks to investigate the connection between leadership qualities and sustainable competitive advantage. The research was conducted at small and medium-sized businesses in Erbil. This study assessed the influence of leadership qualities (behaviour-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought patterns) on small and medium-sized firms' sustainable competitive advantage. The researchers employed basic regression analysis to determine the impact of each independent variable on small and medium-sized businesses' sustained competitive advantage in the Erbil City of Kurdistan. There were a total of 280 questionnaires sent, but only 228 individuals accurately filled them out. The findings suggested that behaviour-focused strategies as a leadership quality on sustainable competitive advantage had the largest effect, while constructive thinking
BMGT 496 Wk 3 S. WHITE initial postEmployee Bill of Rights.JeniceStuckeyoo
BMGT 496 Wk 3 S. WHITE initial post:
Employee Bill of Rights
. Employees shall be treated with fairness, respect, and dignity regardless of age, gender, race, disability, religion, and sexual orientation.
. Employees have the right to clean and safe working conditions.
. Employees have the right to receive equal pay for equal work.
. Employees have the right to paid time off, sick leave, and benefits.
. Employees have the right to social media whistleblowing during non-working hours.
Bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ) are employment qualifications related to an essential job duty that employers are allowed to consider while making decisions about hiring and retention of employees.
References
HR.com Limited. (2002, July 21). Legal discrimination in four letters: BFOQ. HR.com - The Human Resources Social Network. https://www.hr.com/en/communities/legal/legal-discrimination-in-four-letters-bfoq_eacylj3d.html
Leonard, K. (2020, July 14). Examples of ethical issues in business. Small Business - Chron.com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-ethical-issues-business-24464.html
BMGT 496 Wk 1 R. HALL initial post:
The word Ethics, we hear it make us think of a set of standards such as rights, obligations, fairness, responsibilities, and specific virtues like honesty and loyalty. These standards can sometimes be unwritten rules that are necessary for human to live and interact with each other. (Lumen, n.d). Business Ethics follows the same standards but in a slightly different way. Business Ethics is defined to be a set of morals, ethical believes that direct the values, the behaviors, and the decisions of a business as a whole which includes the leadership and the employees. A company’s leadership ethics can direct how the company runs on a daily basis; the leadership can lead the employees by example by making decisions that are not only beneficial to the employees but also to the entire company. (Horton, 2020). The Ethical leadership of a company have an effect on the employees, when the leadership is guiding the employees in an ethical behavior, the employees follow their leads by working in an honest and loyal way. And this can increase productivity, morale, and lower turnover rate. (Horton, 2020). The Business ethics play a crucial role in an organization’s culture, the organizational culture refers to the values, visible artefacts, and rituals that shape the behaviors of employees within an organization. Therefore, it may be considered as the glue that holds together members of an organization. If a company wants to develop a top-notch ethics and compliance programs, it must start with a positive culture of integrity. (Deloitte, n.d). The culture of integrity is characterized by the organizational values, the tone at the top meaning the leadership and senior managers push the employees and the business partners to adopt an ethical behavior; incentives and rewards, accountability, comfort of speaking up and procedural justice ...
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between environmental factors and the performance of micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) in Nigeria. The study focused on MSEs in two towns in Ondo State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted of 204 MSE owners/managers. The findings revealed that environmental factors like inadequate finance, inadequate infrastructure, and poor managerial skills had a significant negative relationship with MSE performance as measured by profit, revenue, and number of employees. Specifically, the study found that most MSEs are chronically underfunded due to issues accessing funding. Owners/managers also lacked requisite managerial skills because of ignorance of training benefits. Inadequate infrastructure only minimally affected performance because MSEs
Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study investigated labour incentives and organisatonal growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational design. The population of the study was 202 staff of Tide Newspaper Corporation and 176 staff of Radio Rivers Corporation in Rivers State, making the total of 376 respondents from two corporations. The sample size of the study was 194 respondents selected from the two 2 public corporations. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study adopted a questionnaire titled,‘Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth in Rivers State Public Corporation LIOGRSPC . The instrument was validated by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability index of the instrument was calculated using Cronbach Alpha, and it gave 0.68. Data collected from the field were analysed using Mean and Standard Deviation for the research questions, while regression was used to test the significance level of the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variables. The study revealed that there exists a significant positive relationship between financial incentive, staff promotion incentive, and staff human capacity development and organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study, therefore, recommended that positive efforts being made to further enhance organizational growth in the corporations. Orlu Chukwuemeka "Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38699.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/38699/labour-incentives-and-organisational-growth-of-public-corporations-in-rivers-state/orlu-chukwuemeka
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (With Special Refe...Umesh Gunarathne
This document summarizes a research paper on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance, specifically for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka. The paper reviews literature on entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. It identifies the problem of inconsistent past research findings on the relationship. The main research question is what is the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. The objective is to examine this relationship for SMEs in Sri Lanka.
The present study aimed to examine the effect of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational performance (OP). This study was motivated by the mixed findings in literature regarding the relationships between EO and organizational performance. Owing to the mixed results, a novel stream of research was created and this motivated further examining of the impact of other variables that may shed a light on the nature of the relationship. Several theories have been proposed in literature posit the direct relationships among strategies, resources and capabilities as antecedents of success. In this study, copies of questionnaires were distributed to 300 Libyan banks branches, where 200 copies of questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The proposed hypothesis was tested through PLS-SEM and the study results showed that EO positively predicted organizational performance.
This document summarizes a research study that examines the relationship between strategic agility, innovative organizational climate, and internal entrepreneurial behavior in aviation enterprises in Turkey. The study aims to determine whether an innovative organizational climate mediates the relationship between strategic agility and internal entrepreneurial behavior. It reviews relevant literature on strategic agility, internal entrepreneurship, and innovative organizational climate. The methodology section indicates that factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze data collected from aviation enterprise employees and test the hypotheses. The findings could help aviation enterprises improve their strategic agility and support internal entrepreneurship behaviors.
THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION ON STRATEGIC ALLIANCES’ FORMATION A...Mauro de Oliveira
Although entrepreneurship and alliances research fields provide valuable information on exploitation and knowledge
basis, the studies relating Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) to Strategic Alliances (SA) formation remains limited. To the best of our knowledge, only five studies (Marino et al., 2002; Teng, 2005; Franco & Haase, 2013; Brouthers et al, 2014; Shu et al., 2014) related entrepreneurship to SA. However, these studies did not consider Lumpkin and Dess’ (1996) EO perspectives as a multiple construction, and these studies failed to consider how these two factors [EO and Top Management Team (TMT)] interact and influence SA. Overall, our belief is that large corporations and small and mediumsized
enterprises (SME) that effectively integrate EO to SA are well
positioned to continuously create wealth.
Summary of Research on Financial Governance TheoryYogeshIJTSRD
Since the theory of financial governance came into being in my country’s academic circles, scholars have systematically studied financial governance in terms of the connotation, system, subject, and object of financial governance on the basis of foreign research and based on my country’s financial practice. A relatively complete theory of financial governance. But in general, due to the short research time, the research perspective is not comprehensive enough, and the research needs to be further enriched and developed. Zhang Yue "Summary of Research on Financial Governance Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44982.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/44982/summary-of-research-on-financial-governance-theory/zhang-yue
- The study examined the effects of coworker trust, transformational leadership, job stress, and employee silence on organizational cynicism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The study found that coworker trust and transformational leadership negatively impacted organizational cynicism, while job stress positively impacted organizational cynicism.
- Employee silence was found to strengthen the positive effect of job stress on organizational cynicism.
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between knowledge management and the performance of women-owned enterprises in Kenya. The study aimed to establish the association between management knowledge, financial knowledge, and the performance of micro women-owned businesses. The study reviewed relevant literature and theories around knowledge management and financial literacy. Empirical evidence on the relationship between knowledge management and firm performance was mixed. The study collected data from 118 owners of beauty enterprises in Kibera, Nairobi, using surveys and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results found that management knowledge and financial knowledge significantly and positively explained the performance of women-owned enterprises.
The company goal is to maximize the shareholders’ prosperity, not just to maximize profit. The fact is that the company not only has economic responsibility but also social responsibility to the community and its environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of good corporate governance (GCG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the firm value. The research sample of 15 companies was taken using purposive sampling from companies listed in the LQ-45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2014-2017. This study uses panel data regression analysis with Random Effect model method. GCG is a representation of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between GCG and CSR on firm value simultaneously. Partially, independent Commissioners and CSR each have an influence on the firm value, but there is an anomaly.
The Conceptual Assessment of Malaysian Entrepreneurshipnabaz4u
This document summarizes a journal article about assessing the concept of entrepreneurship orientation (EO) in Malaysia and its economic contributions. It finds that while the Malaysian government supports entrepreneurship through programs and loans, applying EO dimensions has contributed less to economic growth compared to other countries. Key challenges include low repayment of loans and a lack of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. For Malaysia to better realize the economic benefits of EO, entrepreneurs need more support to develop their businesses and increase profits to improve loan repayments, while the environment must continue supporting risk-taking and opportunities.
BusinessEthcsInSMEunderTheShelterOfCorporateGovernKashif Ali
This document discusses the importance of corporate governance, business ethics, and social responsibility for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. It notes that SMEs face challenges accessing finance, building international connections, and gaining technical knowledge. The document recommends developing a governance framework for SMEs that incorporates incentives to encourage ethical practices. This would help strengthen SME competitiveness and create a productive ethical business environment. The framework should be flexible, user-friendly, and focus on benefits for SMEs to attract more businesses into a formalized system of corporate governance.
Small–medium enterprise formation and nigerian economic growthYing wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses small-medium enterprises (SMEs) and their relationship to economic growth in Nigeria. It provides background on SMEs in Nigeria, noting they account for a large share of employment and output but the country still faces high unemployment, poverty, and low human development. The paper reviews literature on the importance of SMEs in creating jobs, innovation, and knowledge transfer. It also discusses theories of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial development. The purpose is to empirically examine the link between SME formation, employment, and economic growth in Nigeria using statistical techniques like error correction modeling and cointegration testing.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of fraud pentagon theory on financial statement fraud. The study used fraud score modeling to observe banking companies in Indonesia from 2016-2018. The results found that external pressure and financial stability had a significant effect on financial statement fraud, while audit opinion, audit committee changes, and external audit quality did not. The study aimed to empirically test relationships between several variables derived from fraud pentagon theory, agency theory, and information asymmetry theory on instances of financial statement fraud. Statistical analysis of the companies' financial data supported some but not all of the hypotheses.
The document defines business environment and its key components. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Business environment refers to external uncontrollable factors that influence business operations, including economic, social, political, technological, and legal factors.
2) The internal environment includes employees, shareholders, culture, and structure, while the external environment includes task environment of customers, suppliers, competitors, and general environment of political, economic, social and technological conditions.
3) Understanding the business environment is important for identifying opportunities and threats, strategic planning, and meeting competition. Regular environmental scanning and analysis allows businesses to adapt to changes in the external environment.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the impact of transformational leadership and motivation on teacher performance at SMK PANJATEK in North Bekasi, Indonesia. The study used a quantitative methodology, collecting data through questionnaires from teachers. The results of the analysis found that transformational leadership and motivation positively impacted organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational citizenship behavior was also found to positively impact performance. Additionally, organizational citizenship behavior was found to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and motivation on performance.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied consumer attitudes towards cosmetic products in Chitwan, Nepal. The study found that age, occupation, marital status, and education have a positive influence on consumer attitudes towards cosmetics, while income does not. Surveys were conducted with 110 respondents using a 5-point Likert scale, and 100 valid responses were analyzed. Factors like gathering information from others and brand loyalty were found to influence purchasing decisions. The findings can help marketers design effective marketing strategies for the cosmetics industry in Nepal.
Leadership Qualities and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: AnalyzingSmall an...IJAEMSJORNAL
This article seeks to investigate the connection between leadership qualities and sustainable competitive advantage. The research was conducted at small and medium-sized businesses in Erbil. This study assessed the influence of leadership qualities (behaviour-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought patterns) on small and medium-sized firms' sustainable competitive advantage. The researchers employed basic regression analysis to determine the impact of each independent variable on small and medium-sized businesses' sustained competitive advantage in the Erbil City of Kurdistan. There were a total of 280 questionnaires sent, but only 228 individuals accurately filled them out. The findings suggested that behaviour-focused strategies as a leadership quality on sustainable competitive advantage had the largest effect, while constructive thinking
BMGT 496 Wk 3 S. WHITE initial postEmployee Bill of Rights.JeniceStuckeyoo
BMGT 496 Wk 3 S. WHITE initial post:
Employee Bill of Rights
. Employees shall be treated with fairness, respect, and dignity regardless of age, gender, race, disability, religion, and sexual orientation.
. Employees have the right to clean and safe working conditions.
. Employees have the right to receive equal pay for equal work.
. Employees have the right to paid time off, sick leave, and benefits.
. Employees have the right to social media whistleblowing during non-working hours.
Bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ) are employment qualifications related to an essential job duty that employers are allowed to consider while making decisions about hiring and retention of employees.
References
HR.com Limited. (2002, July 21). Legal discrimination in four letters: BFOQ. HR.com - The Human Resources Social Network. https://www.hr.com/en/communities/legal/legal-discrimination-in-four-letters-bfoq_eacylj3d.html
Leonard, K. (2020, July 14). Examples of ethical issues in business. Small Business - Chron.com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-ethical-issues-business-24464.html
BMGT 496 Wk 1 R. HALL initial post:
The word Ethics, we hear it make us think of a set of standards such as rights, obligations, fairness, responsibilities, and specific virtues like honesty and loyalty. These standards can sometimes be unwritten rules that are necessary for human to live and interact with each other. (Lumen, n.d). Business Ethics follows the same standards but in a slightly different way. Business Ethics is defined to be a set of morals, ethical believes that direct the values, the behaviors, and the decisions of a business as a whole which includes the leadership and the employees. A company’s leadership ethics can direct how the company runs on a daily basis; the leadership can lead the employees by example by making decisions that are not only beneficial to the employees but also to the entire company. (Horton, 2020). The Ethical leadership of a company have an effect on the employees, when the leadership is guiding the employees in an ethical behavior, the employees follow their leads by working in an honest and loyal way. And this can increase productivity, morale, and lower turnover rate. (Horton, 2020). The Business ethics play a crucial role in an organization’s culture, the organizational culture refers to the values, visible artefacts, and rituals that shape the behaviors of employees within an organization. Therefore, it may be considered as the glue that holds together members of an organization. If a company wants to develop a top-notch ethics and compliance programs, it must start with a positive culture of integrity. (Deloitte, n.d). The culture of integrity is characterized by the organizational values, the tone at the top meaning the leadership and senior managers push the employees and the business partners to adopt an ethical behavior; incentives and rewards, accountability, comfort of speaking up and procedural justice ...
Running Head ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATION1ECONOMICS AND ADMI.docxtodd271
Running Head: ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATION 1
ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATION 5
ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATION
Khalia Hart
Dr. Touhey
MGMT 640 – Financial Decision Making for Managers
March 31, 2019
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For the success of every business, there needs to be a strong supporting factor that enforces success. The success of a business indicates that the structure of decision making is tough, strict but at the same time lenient to staff and more importantly customers. Financial management is a very vital factor to consider while engaging in any business activity. Not only is it concerned about customers and staff, but also affects every aspect of the business from managing cash flow and maintaining performance index to developing plans to ensure maximum use of opportunities by business owners. Stakeholders and business owners need to realize the importance of financial management as a tool in business administration since it is the force that ensures continuous development of financial capabilities needed for a business to achieve its full potential.
The macro-economic environment addresses issues concerning behavior. Here are where aAdministrative issues lie. Administration can be categorized into two main categories, administration as a practice and as a science. Administration as a practice mainly addresses the normal routine of business owners and managers and their normal administrative roles in any business entity. Administration as a scientific field is bound to face challenges which are broken down into four main classes. They are discussed fully in this document.
Factors that affect administrative decisions include globalization, cost of control, the relationship between stakeholders and demand on ethical behavior and corporate responsibility. Administrations in different organizations should always be keen to ensure that the named issues are always put under the eye . These factors can greatly affect the performance of a business entity as shall be discussed in this document. Comment by debra touhey: Good start, Khalia. The Executive Summary should explain the problems at hand with potential solutions to those problems. Here is a good reference on writing Executive Summaries:
https://www.inc.com/guides/2010/09/how-to-write-an-executive-summary.html
INTRODUCTION
Since time immemorial, business has always been a very important factor in society. To date, business transactions take place daily through the various business entities that have been established. In the modern world, however, various guidelines, strategies, and tools have been established to ensure that business practices go on smoothly (Robert et al., 2004). Comment by debra touhey: A little too informal for graduate writing
One of the practices that have been developed to ensure maximum productivity in the various entities that have been established, is financial management. The financial management function allows for the planning, organizing, monitori.
Running head ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP ADVERTISEMENT RESEARCH 1.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP ADVERTISEMENT RESEARCH 1
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP ADVERTISEMENT RESEARCH 2
Organizational Leadership Advertisement Research
Rodrick Story
Savannah State
Introduction
Banks provide investment services as well as corporate banking and wealth management services. The banking sector of the United Arab Emirates is fragmented. The economy of the United Arab Emirates is being filled by foreign banks despite the protection provided to the banking sector. The UAE central bank manages the banking sector. Advertisement of the banking business is, therefore crucial to gear the banking business towards global competition (Sayani, 2015). The United Arab Emirates uses the following techniques to market their business.
Content Marketing
Customers always search online for content when they are in need of services search as loans, bank guarantee, credit cards, home banking, and online banking among others. The consumers look for brands that have value and provide answers to their questions. The UAE banks, therefore, generate articles on conversations that are appreciated by the consumers. This ensures that customers are engaged on their site (Randeree et al., 2012). This also plays a role of introducing more people to the United Arab Emirates banking sector.
The use of content encourages people to build a relationship with the bank. For instance, a person reading an article on loans is most likely interested in taking a loan from a bank. The bank invites them to speak to representatives of the bank at the end of the content for more information.Search Engine Optimization (SEO)The Search Engine Optimization (SEO) aims at being there whenever customers are looking. Banks sell mortgages, loans, as well as, saving accounts to mention just a few. In the modern world, customers invest their time learning about goods and services and researching options before making a purchase (Zeineddine, 2017). For example, if a customer has intentions to refinance a mortgage, they would search for home financing rates. The banks in the UAE use the SEO, providing the answers online to gain customer trust as their financial leader. The SEO optimizes pages by using the keywords in the URL and the title page. Banks, therefore, ensure that they are visible on the pages of the search engine for the success of their efforts in marketing.
Empowering Employees
The UAE banks have invested in their employees with the aim of attracting more customers. Providing employees with tools to enable them do their jobs effectively is a factor. Confusion, inefficiency and disorganization results to lack of confidence from customers (Petersen et al., 2015). The banks ensure that their staff is equipped with consistent, accurate, as well as, up-to-date information. Furthermore, they are able to provide the customers with immediate answers to the questions.
Educating customers on financial literacy
The educational initiatives on finan ...
This document discusses risk management in the corporate sector and the role of corporate governance. It makes three key points:
1) Corporate governance is important for managing and reducing risk in organizations, as good governance can help firms avoid risks that could damage them. Managing risk effectively allows firms to maximize profits and maintain a healthy environment.
2) There are newer and more complex risks emerging for corporate boards to oversee, such as reputational risk from a lack of transparent reporting and cybersecurity risks from increased technology usage. Boards must understand the risks companies face to make strategic decisions.
3) Effective risk management involves identifying, assessing, and prioritizing all potential risks. While eliminating all risk is impossible, corporate boards
Administrative Crisis: The Role of Effective Leadership Styles in Crisis Mana...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a research article about the relationship between leadership styles and crisis management. It discusses three main leadership styles: transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and charismatic leadership. Transformational leadership inspires followers and focuses on their interests, while transactional leadership assigns responsibilities to followers to achieve goals. Charismatic leadership uses symbols and visions to motivate followers to achieve remarkable results. The document also defines crisis as an unplanned event that threatens an organization's resources and operations. It notes that effective crisis management is important for government organizations to respond quickly to unpredictable events and increase performance. The study aims to provide guidance for identifying leadership qualities suited for crisis situations.
Summarize the article in apa citation-Explain how this article relate.pdfssuser58be4b1
Summarize the article in apa citation.
Explain how this article relate to communication challenges in the workplace?
INTRODUCTION
The Coronavirus Desease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has devastated the economies
of all countries in the world (Nasution et al, 2020). Until now, no expert has yet dared to
predict when this pandemic will end (Kolata, 2020). The existence of this pandemic has
caused countries
20 International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership
Volume 1, Number 1, May, 2020, Page 19- 26
affected by the pandemic to limit all activities that could potentially spread and transmit
the disease (Mattern et al, 2020; Yunus & Rezki, 2020). This restriction is known as
lockdown. The impact of this lockdown is very real, especially in the social and
economic sectors. The implementation of lockdown, both directly and indirectly, has
resulted in companies laying off employees, reducing production capacity, stopping and
closing factories to layoff employees as a result of lack of demand and income. As if it
were a cause-and-effect effect, it led to an increase in the number of unemployed and a
decrease in the quality of life of the community (Martn et al, 2020).
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an extremely challenging environment for HRM
human resource management as managers must quickly venture into the "unknown" as
they seek to help their workforce adapt and cope with the radical changes taking place
in work and social environments. (Bierema, 2020). For example, employees who
previously spent all or most of their time working within the physical confines of their
organization now have to quickly adjust to remote work environments. Due to
insignificant shelter orders and business closings, even those who may be able to
adjust to remote working conditions are now faced with their own unique challenges due
to the inability to find alternative workspaces (eg, cafes, libraries) outside the home
itself. This may further limit the segmentation between work and personal environment
which causes greater difficulty in "releasing" from the demands of work (Trougakos, et
al, 2020). In addition to the increasing inability to separate work and private life, the
closure of schools and public services has increased parental demands for employees,
further blurring the line between work and family environment (Adamy & Overberg,
2018). While this work-family interconnection appears to be very demanding for
employees with children, single and childless workers are not immune to the negative
consequences of such changing working conditions, as they may be at greatest risk of
experiencing loneliness, feeling of aimlessness and negatively related things. effects on
well-being (Vogel, 2018).
At the same time, the current great challenges of COVID-19 provide the right moment
for management experts to coordinate research efforts and turn them into actionable
insights to support organizations in addressing one of the greatest challenges in .
Wef he workplace_wellnessalliance_industryagenda_2012Celso Mendes
The document discusses the importance of workplace wellness initiatives for addressing human capital challenges. It notes that demand for skilled workers is rising due to economic growth, while the workforce faces threats from aging and non-communicable diseases. This can reduce workforce capacity and productivity through absenteeism, presenteeism, and rising healthcare costs. Workplace wellness programs have the potential to help keep workers healthier for longer, countering the link between aging and disease, and playing a role in talent attraction and retention. The Workplace Wellness Alliance, established by the World Economic Forum, aims to establish the business case for wellness by quantifying the link between interventions, metrics of their impact, and return on investment across countries.
This study explains factors that influence enterprise creation among graduates within a public university in Malaysia.
The analysis of the data reflects the vision and mission of that university to promote entrepreneurial skills among its
student. This study recognises four factors that influence students starting a business after graduation. These factors
are; 1) individual's intention and characteristics, 2) family background, 3) culture and 4) financial resources.
Individual's intention and characteristics expedite enterprise creation, while family background presents students'
ability to participate in businesses. Culture draws upon cumulative knowledge, experience, belief and values that can
cultivate a person's thought and mindset, meanwhile, financial resources draw upon financial assistance made
available to students for starting-up enterprises. These factors were tested using regression coefficient, reliability and
descriptive methods. This is to ensure data received are legit and valid to use for this study.
Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management ...ijtsrd
The relationship between corporate social responsibility CSR and earnings management EM is an extensive empirical study. However, the evidence on the nature of the relationship is unclear. A commonly defined reason for divergent and contradictory results is measurement issues. The purpose of this article is to evaluate alternative operation and measurement methods applied to the CSR and EM concepts in the empirical literature on CSR EM relationships. Our systematized appraisal was conducted over the last nine years from 2008 to 2016. This study has come to different observations. First, CSR measurement methods include sustainability indexes, content analyzes and single dimensional measurements, while EM measurement methods include discretionary accruals, discretionary loan loss provisions, real earnings management, abnormal earnings management, earnings persistence and earnings smoothing. In addition to the unique drawbacks of the approach, the subjectivity of the researcher and the selection anomalies that may influence the nature of the CSR EM relationships identified in the empirical literature. Finally, possible ways of overcoming these disadvantages are recommended. Mashiur Rahman | Sarah Chowdhury ""Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: A Systematic Review of Measurement Methods"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29987.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-ethics-and-legal-issues/29987/relationship-between-corporate-social-responsibility-and-earnings-management-a-systematic-review-of-measurement-methods/mashiur-rahman
Organization citizenship behaviour as a determining Factor in Business outcomeAI Publications
The aim of this research was to look at an organization's citizenship behavior as a deciding factor in business success. The aim of the study was to assess private businesses in Kurdistan, especially in Erbil. To allow the study to measure business outcomes, the researchers used five different dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior. The current study used a quantitative analysis approach in which a questionnaire was adapted from academic sources. Both workers had an equal chance of being chosen for the survey using a random sampling technique. The research was conducted in Erbil's private sector. The researchers distributed 85 questionnaires, but only 75 were returned, and only 67 of the 75 questionnaires were completed correctly. The researcher used multiple regression analysis to measure the established research hypotheses, and the results revealed that all five hypotheses are supported, with the highest value being for fairness perception, as organization citizenship behavior element has a significant influence on business outcome, and the lowest value being for job satisfaction, as organization citizenship behavior element has a significant influence on business outcome. This instrument will be used in future research to further our understanding of organizational learning.
1
ASSIGNMENT 3
ASSIGNMENT 3 2
Assignment 3
Motivation is key for the success of a company as it facilitates the attainment of the company goals and initiatives. It is the responsibilities of managers to induce motivation with the purpose of giving the company direction. The creation of a mission driven organization is a way of motivating employees. In international organizations, task-driven organizations enable employees to align their goals with the goals stated by the organization. Factors such as fostering career development and the promotion of personal growth are ideal for the growth of the company. The application of award recognition is a recommendable practice that focuses on positive idea alignment. It recognizes the efforts of the employees in the required spectrum by specifying on the basic needs that needs to be attained. However, the plan will face various risks, such as cultural differences, unnecessary competition between employees, and increased conflict. Performing a risk analysis is very suitable for this situation.
The existence of unnecessary competition is an expected risk that can be identified with the motivation program. The application of the award on performance as a way of motivation is an effective tool but has existing setbacks such as increased competition among employees. Ccontinual competition leads to the creation of unhealthy competition that later turns out to be rivalry. The practive can occur between departments and individual employees. This may cause them to adopt unfair practices to negatively affect the organization's better performance (Hidayah & Windijarto, 2018). On the other hand, the unnecessary competition leads to the rise of conflict amongst employees. This would make the organization to focus more on the conflict and competition and shifting its focus away from its goals and performance.
Cultural difference is a key risk associated with the practice based on the different environment that the company experiences. The culture in East Asia is not the same one in Europe and the United States. This issue is a factor that the company is likely to go through on a regular basis. The motivational approach that may apply in the Middle East may not apply in Africa making it a major risk that the company needs to assess (Hopkins, 2016). This factor is mainly related to religion and morality, and it is believed that certain employees from the region may have it. The identification of the factor as a key risk plays an important part in ensuring that cultural variations are given a broader thought as they make all the motivational methods that were identified to be practically ineffective.
Cultural differences create a key impact in the effectiveness of the motivational approaches that I would apply in the dimensional company setting. The integration of the multicultural themes can prove to be difficult based on the different cultural stereotypes that may exist. These factors create difficulties ...
IntroductionLLOYDS Bank has been delivering professional assTatianaMajor22
Introduction
LLOYDS Bank has been delivering professional assistance and
recommendations to British consumers, companies, and societies
since 1765. Its understanding is based on this background,
enabling our customers of all generations economic comfort and
peace. It operates in the private sector. (Llyods, 2022).
This presentation is about the two areas of Management which are
Motivating the employees during the time of unprecedented
change and Ensuring employees’ readiness.
We will also be learning about the impact of covid on these areas
and how the organization is making efforts to amend the
consequences.
Employee motivation refers to the amount of enthusiasm, dedication, and invention that
employees bring to their professions. (Susilo, 2018). Finding strategies to encourage
employees is always a management priority, regardless of whether the economy has grown
or declined. Motivating employees at the time of Covid-19 is the biggest challenge for all
companies and organizations. (Przytuła, Strzelec and Krysińska-Kościańska, 2020).
Therefore, LLOYDS Bank is trying to –
• In the current situation, the bank is trying to understand its employees and let them
know that the organization is here for them to help in achieving the targets.
• By providing an unbiased review of present circumstances to them, and comfort them
that the challenges will be faced together.
• By allowing the employees to make decisions about their work as much as possible and
encourage them to share their expertise and talents.
• By taking opinions and knowing the perspective of the employees to make them feel a
part of the company.
• Rewarding the employees on little success, so that they can be appreciated and can work
harder for the bigger targets.
• Incorporating leaders to follow activities to the inspirational portfolio in order to enhance
trust and sense of safety in the company while decreasing the level of anxiety,
resentment, and skepticism.
• Starting the interaction directly and regularly with each member of the team,
understanding them and enabling them to get to know about the goals and objectives of
the company, and establishing the company’s enthusiasm and purpose in them. (Schall,
and Chen, 2021).
Employee readiness is described as the degree to which employees are
prepared or eager to take part in learning. It plays a significant role for the
organization in a way that the trained employees will contribute to the
decision-making process which will lead to the diversities of ideas and
hence will lead to better decisions for the organization. (Matthews, Daigle
and Houston, 2018). Employee’s availability for training is characterized as
having the necessary character qualities such as capability, personality,
commitment, and willingness. Developing functional adaptability will require
adapting employees' skills and positions to post-pandemic modes of
working. (Roemer, Sutton and Medve ...
Organizational development and_change_final-slideshareabquddus
KDU University College underwent major organizational changes to transform into a premier university. The changes included techno-structural and strategic interventions. Techno-structural changes involved redesigning the organizational structure from functional to customer-centric divisions. Strategic interventions developed a new 5-year strategic plan focused on 7 blocks: people development, student pipeline, academic excellence, infrastructure, quality and cost, differentiation, and community engagement. KDU communicated the changes through sessions to develop strategic goals aligned with the new vision, mission and values. The structured change process established action plans to implement the strategic goals over specific timelines.
This document discusses a study that examined how different aspects of strategic competitiveness influence competitive advantage in the private sector in Iraq's Kurdistan region. The researchers assessed four dimensions of strategic competitiveness (competitive strategies, innovation culture, managerial ethics, and innovative ideas) and their impact on competitive advantage. A survey was administered to employees at various banks, with 112 complete responses. The findings indicated that all four dimensions had a statistically significant positive impact on competitive advantage. Specifically, competitive strategies, skills and competencies, entrepreneurial thinking, and innovative ideas influenced competitive advantage at the 5% significance level.
Investigating the Effect of Organizational Resilience Dimensions of Start- up...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of organizational resilience dimensions of start-up businesses on their financial performance. It begins with an abstract that outlines the study's purpose and methodology. The introduction then provides background on organizational performance and resilience. It defines two dimensions of organizational resilience: planned and adaptive resilience. The study aims to examine the relationships between these resilience dimensions and the financial performance of startups. The methodology section describes the study's applied and survey nature. It details the sample population of 248 creative companies in Tehran and a sample size of 220. The results found that planned resilience has a positive effect on adaptive resilience and adaptive resilience positively impacts financial performance. However, planned resilience does not directly impact financial performance, rather its effect is through adaptive resilience
This document summarizes a literature review analyzing the influence of good corporate governance (GCG) and risk management on company performance in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review analyzed 12 peer-reviewed journal articles from 2019-2021. It found that 90-95% of the studies indicated GCG and risk management had a significant positive impact on company performance and value. Good GCG and risk management practices like disclosure were found to increase firm value by boosting investor confidence and financial performance. The researcher concluded that GCG and risk management can improve company performance both directly and indirectly by influencing other variables.
The Effect of Marketing Culture Aspects of Healthcare Care on Marketing Creat...IJAEMSJORNAL
The primary objective of this research project is to investigate the influence that different characteristics of healthcare marketing culture have on marketing creativity. The investigation was carried out at the various medical facilities located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the study, the researchers used a quantitative research approach in the form of a survey. Despite this, the researchers were successful in collecting a total of 161 completed surveys. In order to evaluate the current study, the researchers utilized hierarchal multiple regression analysis as well as the Sobel test; the results of these analyses indicated According to the findings, there is a positive and significant connection, both directly and indirectly, between cultural value and cultural satisfaction as marketing culture aspects and marketing creativity. In addition, cultural experience plays a positive and significant role in mediating the connection between cultural value and marketing experience. Nonetheless, putting an emphasis on cost savings, enhanced quality, and distinct industry are three essential components that are necessary to improve healthcare systems that are supported by patients. This is something that can be accomplished through the acquisition of new technology as well as through workers who are well-trained and motivated to use their expertise for the betterment of society in a way that carves out a distinct market that competitors can either rarely replicate or copy at a high cost.
1Running head GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD6GROUP DISCUSSION B.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
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Running head: GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD
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GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD
Group Discussion Board Forum 2: Part 1
Jessica Raborn
Chapter 4: How do you think planning in today’s organizations compares to planning in an organization 25 years ago? Do you think planning becomes more important or less important in a world where everything quickly changes and crises are a regular part of organizational life? Why?
Today companies must constantly seek competitive advantage without disrupting daily operations. They must be able to adapt quickly and more efficiently to change. In a high technology, instant gratification, fast paced world companies can’t just focus on doing one thing well and make changes slowly. They must be able to adapt to situations quickly and with effective results. They should constantly seek opportunity and be able to identify and capitalize on initiatives (Kotter, 2012).
Companies and organizations are affected by their environment. The external environment affects what happens in the internal environment. The external environment is generally classified as either certain or uncertain and by degree of complexity. As these factors change and increase or decrease in the external environment, the internal environment adapts to these changes. Years ago companies coped with environmental changes by creating “buffer departments.” The purpose of these buffering roles was to absorb the uncertainty from the environment. Many organizations no longer create these buffer departments. They instead allow the core of the company to be exposed. They believe that by doing so they are being more open to the customers or suppliers and not focusing on internal efficiency. This allows the building of closer relationships with suppliers and customers.
A Crisis is defined as a set of circumstances in which institutions or individuals face threats outside of the normal daily routine. The significance of these circumstances vary widely depending to individuals and their coping mechanisms (Drennan, McConnell, & Stark, 2015). The last decade in America has introduced us to many crisis events including 9/11 and hurricane Katrina. These crisis events have made people question the vunerability of our country, as well as, the ability to cope and respond to crisis. Crises can also occur frequently in the business world. The key to correcting these crises is to react quickly and formulate a plan, although I think that planning months in advance is less likely the key to success today. The best plan of action in today’s business world is just to have general idea of what you plan to do with the ability to adapt quickly when necessary.
Chapter 4: Is changing the organization's domain a feasible strategy for coping with a threatening environment? Can you think of an organization in the recent news that has changed its domain? Explain.
The domain is defined as the chosen environment field of action. It is the location in which a particular organ ...
Similar to Global Financial Outlook during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The role of effective leadership styles on Financial outlook (20)
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions ...AI Publications
In the evolving landscape of financial decision-making, this study delves into the intricate relationships among Emotional Intelligence (EI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Investment Decisions (ID). By scrutinizing the direct influence of human emotional intelligence on investment choices and elucidating the mediating role of AI in this process, our research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between minds and machines. Through empirical analysis, we reveal that EI not only directly impacts ID but also exerts its influence indirectly through AI-mediated pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emotional awareness in investor decision-making, augmented by the technological capabilities of AI. It suggests that most investors are influenced by the identified emotional intelligence when making investment decisions. Furthermore, AI substantially impacts investors' decision-making process when it comes to investing; nevertheless, AI partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for financial practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that integrate emotional and technological dimensions in navigating the intricacies of modern investment landscapes. As the synergy between human intuition and artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integral to financial decision-making, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the symbiotic relationship between minds and machines in investments.0
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thaila...AI Publications
The objective of this paper is to present Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thailand agriculture and enhancing farmer productivity. In view of the demand for organic fertilizers, efforts should also be made to enhance and to develop more effective of compost, bio-fertilizer, and bio-pesticides currently used by farmers. Likewise, emphasis should also be laid on the cultivation of legumes and other crops that can enhance the fertility of the soil, as practiced by farmers in many developing countries to fertilize their lands. On the other hand, most of the farmers who practice this farm system found that they are adopting a number of SLMs and interested in joining the meeting or training to gain more and more knowledge.
Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Tha...AI Publications
The objective os this study is to present Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Thailand and Vietnam with SLM practices. Farmer’s adoption and investment in SLM is a key for controlling land degradation, enhancing the well-being of society, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of present and future generations (World Bank, 2006; FAO, 2018). And agriculture remains an essential element of lives of many farmers in term of the strong cultural and symbolic values that attach current working generation to do and to spend time for it but not intern of income generating.
Growth, Yield and Economic Advantage of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in R...AI Publications
Haphazard and low soil fertility, low yielding verities and poor agronomic practices are among the major factors constraining onion production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in East Showa Zone of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha district in central rift valley areas at ziway from October 2021 to April 2022 to identify appropriate rate of NPSB fertilizer and planting pattern of onion varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design of factorial arrangement in three replications. The main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates and varieties (red coach and red king) significantly (p<0.01) influenced plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf number and fresh leaf weight, shoot dry matter per plant, and harvest index. Total dry biomass, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield were significantly (p<0.01) influenced only by the main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates. In addition, unmarketable bulb yield was statistically significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the blended fertilizer rates and planting pattern. Moreover, days to 90% maturity of onion was affected by the main factor of NPSB fertilizer rate, variety and planting pattern. The non-fertilized plants in the control treatment were inferior in all parameters except unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. Significantly higher marketable bulb yield (41 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (41.33 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate applied. Double row planting method and hybrid red coach onion variety had also gave higher growth and yields. The study revealed that the highest net benefit of Birr, 878,894 with lest cost of Birr 148,006 by the combinations of 150 kg blended NPSB ha-1 with double row planting method (40cm*20cm*7cm) and red coach variety which can be recommendable for higher marketable bulb yield and economic return of hybrid onion for small scale farmers in the study area. Also, for resource full producers (investors), highest net benefit of Birr 1,205,372 with higher cost (159,628 Birr) by application of 300 kg NPSB ha-1 is recommended as a second option. However, the research should be replicated both in season and areas to more verify the recommendations.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
The goal of neuroprotection is to shield neurons against damage, whether that damage is caused by environmental factors, pathogens, or neurodegenerative illnesses. Inhibiting protein-based deposit buildup, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, as well as rectifying abnormalities of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, are some of the ways in which medicinal herbs have neuroprotective effects [1-3]. This review will focus on the ways in which medicinal herbs may protect neurons.
A phytochemical and pharmacological review on canarium solomonenseAI Publications
The genus Canarium L. consists of 75 species of aromatic trees which are found in the rainforests of tropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The medicinal uses, botany, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities are now reviewed. Various compounds are tabulated according to their classes their structures are given. Traditionally canarium solomonense have been used to treat a broad array of illnesses. Pharmacological actions for canarium solomonense as discussed in this review include antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antitumor activity.
Influences of Digital Marketing in the Buying Decisions of College Students i...AI Publications
This research investigates the influence of digital marketing channels on purchasing decisions among college students in Ramanathapuram District. The study highlights that social media marketing, online advertising, and mobile marketing exhibit substantial positive effects on purchase decisions. However, email marketing's impact appears to be more complex. Moreover, the study explores how demographic variables like gender and academic level shape these effects. Notably, freshman students display varying susceptibility to specific digital marketing messages compared to their junior, senior, or graduate counterparts. These findings offer crucial insights for marketers aiming to tailor their strategies effectively to the preferences and behaviors of college students. By understanding the differential impacts of various digital marketing channels and considering demographic nuances, marketers can refine their approaches, optimize engagement, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of their campaigns in targeting this demographic.
A Study on Performance of the Karnataka State Cooperative Agriculture & Rural...AI Publications
The Karnataka State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank Limited is the apex bank of all the primary co-operative agriculture and rural development banks in the state. All the PCARD Banks in the state are affiliated to it. The KSCARD Bank provides financial accommodation to the PCARD Banks for their lending operations. In order to quick sanction and disbursement of loans and supervision over the PCARD Banks the KSCARD Bank has opened district level branches. Bank has established Women Development Cell to promote entrepreneurship among women in 2005. The Bank is identifying women borrowers in the rural areas by assigning suitable projects to motivate their self-confidence to lead independent life. Progress made in financing women entrepreneurs women.
Breast hamartoma is a rare, well-circumscribed, benign lesion made up of a variable quantity of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue. This is a lesion that can affect women at any age from puberty. With the increasingly frequent use of imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound as well as breast biopsy, cases of hamartoma diagnosed are increasing. The diagnosis of these lesions is made by mammography. The histological and radiological aspects are variable and depend on its adipose tissue content. The identification of these lesions is important in order to avoid surgical excisions. We report radio-clinical and pathological records of breast hamartoma.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
More analysis on environment protection and sustainable agriculture - A case ...AI Publications
This study presents a case of tea and coffee crops , esp. environment protection and sustainable agriculture in Son La and Thai Nguyen of Vietnam. Research results show us that The process of having an agricultural product goes through many steps such as planting, planning, harvesting, packing, transporting, storing and distributing. - The State adopts policies to encourage innovation of agricultural production models and methods towards sustainability, adapting to climate change, saving water, and limiting the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. chemicals and products for environmental treatment in agriculture; develop environmentally friendly agricultural models. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...AI Publications
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Cultivating Proactive Cybersecurity Culture among IT Professional to Combat E...AI Publications
In the current digital landscape, cybercriminals continually evolve their techniques to execute successful attacks on businesses, thus posing a great challenge to information technology (IT) professionals. While traditional cybersecurity approaches like layered defense and reactive security have helped IT professionals cope with traditional threats, they are ineffective in dealing with evolving cyberattacks. This paper focuses on the need for a proactive cybersecurity culture among IT professionals to enable them combat evolving threats. The paper emphasis that building a proactive security approach and culture can help among IT professionals anticipate, identify, and mitigate latent threats prior to them exploiting existing vulnerabilities. This paper also points out that as IT professionals use reactive security when dealing with traditional attacks, they can use it collaboratively with proactive security to effectively protect their networks, data, and systems and avoid heavy costs of dealing with cyberattack’s aftermaths and business recovery.
The Impacts of Viral Hepatitis on Liver Enzymes and BilrubinAI Publications
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis A causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. The hepatitis A virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s stool. Protection by getting the hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis E is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Some types of hepatitis E virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected person’s stool. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic infection. Recommendation for screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women or in those with a high chance of being infected. Protection from hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C can cause acute or chronic infection. Doctors usually recommend one-time screening of all adults ages 18 to 79 for hepatitis C. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. The hepatitis D virus is unusual because it can only infect those who have a hepatitis B virus infection. A coinfection occurs when both hepatitis D and hepatitis B infections at the same time. A superinfection occurs already have chronic hepatitis B and then become infected with hepatitis D. The aim of this study is to find the effect of each type of viral hepatitis on the bilirubin (TB , DSB) , and liver enzymes; AST, ALT, ALP,GGT among viral hepatitis patients. 200 patients were selected from the viral hepatitis units in the central public health laboratory in Baghdad city, all the chosen cases were confirmed as a positive samples , they are classified into four equal group each with fifty individual and with a single serological viral hepatitis type either; anti-HAV( IgM ) , HBs Ag , anti-HCV ,or anti-HEV(IgM ). All patients were tested for; serum bilirubin ( TB ,D.SB ) , AST , ALT , ALP , GGT. Another fifty quite healthy and normal person was selected as a control group for comparison. . Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBVAST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver cell damage than AST, It is relatively specific for hepatocyte necrosis with a marked elevations in viral hepatitis. Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBV.AST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver
Determinants of Women Empowerment in Bishoftu Town; Oromia Regional State of ...AI Publications
The purpose of this study was to determine the status of women's empowerment and its determinants using women's asset endowment and decision-making potential as indicators. To determine representative sample size, this study used a two-stage sampling technique, and 122 sample respondents were selected at random. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and a probit model were used. The average women's empowerment index was 0.41, indicating a relatively lower status of women's empowerment in the study area. According to the study's findings, only 40.9% of women were empowered, while the remaining 59.1% were not. The probit model results show that women's access to the media, women's income, and their husbands' education status have a significant and positive impact on the status of women's empowerment, while the family size of households has a negative impact. As a result, it is important to enhance women's access to the media and income, promote family planning and contraception, and improve men's educational status in order to improve the status of women's empowerment.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
AI in customer support Use cases solutions development and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
AI in customer support will integrate with emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance service delivery. AR-enabled smart glasses or VR environments will provide immersive support experiences, allowing customers to visualize solutions, receive step-by-step guidance, and interact with virtual support agents in real-time. These technologies will bridge the gap between physical and digital experiences, offering innovative ways to resolve issues, demonstrate products, and deliver personalized training and support.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
2. Nabaz Nawzad Abdullah et al. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM)
5(2)-2021
http://www.aipublications.com/ijebm 9
outlook team and citizens in protecting themselves in
adverse circumstances (Anwar, 2017). Many research in the
field of leadership styles compare the efficacy of leadership
and management in companies in order to increase
productivity and effectiveness. Many academics and
educators attempted to provide accurate descriptions and
emphasize their fundamental positions by incorporating
different OB principles and hypotheses into their practices
in both the internal and external environments.
Organizational Behavior studies managers and leadership
styles and how they react to economic challenges, handle
diversity, develop employee skills, balance work and life,
improve customer service, and create ethical behavior in the
workplace. Specifically, OB focuses on how managers can
boost productivity, decrease staff turnover, increase
organizational commitment behavior, increase job
satisfaction, build a productive work atmosphere, and
promote creativity, according to Alblooshi et al. (2020).
Furthermore, OB directs leaders, especially managers, in
selecting appropriate leadership styles that are compatible
with the organization's norms and values in order to achieve
potential mission statement objectives. As a result, it is
possible to conclude that it is a philosophy that explores the
impact that an individual or group of employees, as well as
the organizational framework, have on actions within the
company that is aligned with their goals in order to achieve
an ethically and physically safe work atmosphere. To carry
out the vision, organizations are looking for visionary
leaders and managers with transformational leadership
skills and charisma. Even though factual leadership
effectiveness can be the product of displaying true
behaviors at the appropriate time, several studies have
shown that people have a fairly standardized impression of
a leader's appearance. The maximization of benefit and
increase in market value is one of the most critical goals in
the establishment of public sectors. Although the public
sector serves this aim on one hand, it also contributes to the
country's growth and civilizational stability on the other.
However, the public sector, which operates in an
environment of risk and uncertainty, can face challenges
from time to time (Akkaya, 2020). These challenges that the
public sector faces can stem from within their own
frameworks as well as from the country's general economic
conditions. The definition of leadership and financial
outlook is examined in depth in this study due to the rise in
the incidence of leadership and financial outlook, as well as
the negative impact on the public sector on various
dimensions. The topic of Financial outlook leadership was
investigated in Chapter 1 because active leadership of the
Financial outlook is a must from the perspective of the
public sector, which necessitates the evaluation of the
definition of Financial outlook. The rapid transformations
encountered in the economy are giving way to public
sectors entering a medium of intense competition and
frequently with Financial outlook in today's world of rapid
communications, rapidly shifting markets, and validity of
short-term work designs (Gemeda & Lee, 2020). The
environment in which the public sector operates is
constantly evolving, exposing them to a variety of threats.
The chances of public sectors surviving if they are unable
to find timely and correct solutions to such challenges, lack
the capacity to solve problems when they occur, and fail to
take the requisite steps to prevent recurrence of previously
solved problems are dwindling. Globally, an increase in the
number of accidents occurring in the vicinity of public
sectors is being observed, both as a result of their occurrence
outside of the public sector's jurisdiction and also as a result
of the failure of the administrations' and management's
strategies, and hence these incidents, which can be
considered cruises, are becoming an important part of the
public sector's existence. Being prepared for emergencies is
the best way to get rid of them without causing harm, or at
the very least with the least amount of damage possible.
This, in essence, necessitates the existence of early warning
systems within public sector organizations that are capable
of identifying crisis signals prior to the occurrence of the
aforementioned crises. The environmental activities to
resolve any risks that may affect an individual, companies,
or organizations are referred to as financial outlook.
Financial outlook has certainly emerged as a new
management concept (Anwar, 2016). The importance of
financial outlook is to direct managers in dealing with
volatile and unexpected events that arise within the
company, and to assist them in developing a better strategy
for increasing efficiency and maintaining high performance
quality (Shkoler & Tziner, 2020). Financial outlook,
according to (Tsuchiya, 2015), is the mechanism by which
an entity handles a significant event that threatens to affect
the organization, its partners, or the general public. The
1980s saw a series of large-scale modern and natural
disasters, which sparked an inquiry into emergency
management. It is considered to be the most important
mechanism in open-air relationships.
Now anyway, rather than only using the term Financial
outlook, most company operations and companies will use
it to respond to any problems that might be detrimental to
them. Significantly, companies have ample information to
prepare for the future before involving any financial
prediction. Firms should build good relationships with their
stakeholders and the potential to recover every Financial
outlook in a short period of time to make the best Financial
outlook plan. Also, the company should reassure its
stakeholders, especially its employees and customers, that
they are responsible for all of their tasks and that their sole
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goal is to persuade them and satisfy their needs and wants
without any doubt (Abdullah & Abdul Rahman, 2015). A
financial outlook, according to Ardi et al. (2020), can occur
as a result of certain events that are viewed as a potential
danger. To put it another way, the financial forecast is
presented to reduce the damages and threats that
organizations face. In that case, the first step in restricting
this Financial outlook should be to appoint a Financial
outlook manager (Abdullah & Othman, 2016).
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Leadership concept
According to Drewniak et al. (2020), leadership refers to an
individual's talents and competences in persuading other
individuals and organizations to achieve a goal or set of
goals. Thus, leadership skills are shown by a leader's ability
to convince a group to accomplish a vision or a set of goals.
Furthermore, leadership is a method of dealing with
transition as well as a means of establishing a vision for the
future and motivating others (Abdullah et al. 2017).
Furthermore, as demonstrated by (Mwesigwa et al. 2020),
understanding how people feel is critical to leadership
success. According to (Bipath, 2012), leadership success
entails having a direction that will encourage workers to
work willingly by building harmony and effectiveness
against specified goals. It is true that the efficacy of
leadership in the workplace is determined by how people
communicate with one another in order to achieve defined
goals, and for this reason, successful leaders build value by
selecting those who best suit their circumstances (Anwar &
Balcioglu, 2016). An successful leadership style, on the
other hand, helps to understand what the future should be
and to help people unite around a vision and influence them
to make it happen, despite the challenges (Kindarto et al.
2020). Furthermore, according to the functional approach,
leadership is focused on four essential processes:
establishing a vision, planning objectives, maintaining
engagement, and adapting to changes (Lonati, 2020). In
relation to the leadership concept, several scholars and
researchers have decided to develop definitions for a
manager and management in order to find the best ways to
present evidence for approaches to leadership effectiveness
(Anwar, 2017). Anwar argues that managers use authority
to implement the vision and strategy provided by leaders,
coordinates and staffs the organization, and deals with
people (Anwar, 2017). Some examples of leadership styles
are as follows:
Transformational leadership:
Transformational leadership, according to Alheet et al.
(2021), is an essential output given by the leader to
encourage followers to desire the group's interest over
individual interests, and the leader pays attention to the
interests of their followers. Transformational leaders inspire
their followers by pointing them in the right direction,
clarifying individual responsibilities, and instilling positive
attitudes in them. There is a clear correlation between
transformational leadership and leader member exchange,
according to Javed et al. (2020). Hameed and Anwar (2018)
discovered a similar connection between transformational
leadership and OCB. Several research, such as Ohio state
studies, Fiedler's model, and path target theory, have
focused on distinguishing between transformational and
transactional leaders. Transformational leadership focuses
on the growth of followers, leaders who affect problem
solving by looking at old issues in new ways, and leaders
who empower their followers with positive attitudes.
Transformational leaders show their followers the roles,
duties, and obligations that must be completed in order to
achieve a specific objective (Sims et al. 2021).
Transactional leadership:
Transactional leadership, according to (Ghafoor, et al.,
2011), helps followers identify tasks for each person in
order to achieve organizational goals. According to
Darawong (2020), a transactional leader develops goals and
targets in order to ensure success; they communicate
explicitly, and combine assets with employee teamwork to
achieve the objectives, which ultimately motivates
employees. Previous research, such as (Anwar & Ghafoor,
2017) and (Othman & Abdullah, 2016), has shown that
transactional leadership has a positive impact on employee
attitudes and behaviors. Some recent studies (Asgari et al.
2020) have also demonstrated a strong link between OCB
and transactional leadership. Transactional and
transformational leadership are not diametrically opposed
approaches; they complement each other while not being
equally significant (Anwar, 2017).
Charismatic leadership:
According to Prabhu et al. (2020), charismatic leadership is
described as an individual who has an influence on
followers by using symbols, stories, and images to achieve
extraordinary results. The charismatic leader sees a bright
future for his or her followers. Furthermore, charismatic
leaders are able to go to any extent to demonstrate their
dedication. Previous research, such as (Anwar & Qadir,
2017), has found a connection between charismatic
leadership and organizational success. Furthermore,
(Budiasih et al. 2020) and (Curtis, 2020) have confirmed the
positive relationship between charismatic leadership and
OCB. Anwar (2017) also presented findings from other
studies that confirmed charismatic leadership has a major
effect on OCB. According to Prabhu et al. (2019),
inspirational leadership inspires followers to achieve
positive outcomes through commitment,
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comprehensiveness, and identification with organizational
goals. Anwar and Shukur (2015) presented empirical
studies that confirmed the positive relationship between
charismatic leadership and OBC, as well as several studies
that identified charismatic leader's characteristics. One of
the studies listed four main charismatic leader's
characteristics, the first of which is taking risks in order to
achieve the vision, leaders are concerned about their
followers' needs, and leaders are willing to take risks in
order to achieve the vision. Dartey-Baah and Mekpor
(Dartey-Baah & Mekpor, 2020).
The Concept of Financial outlook
Financial outlook is an unplanned transition phase that
threatens the entire organization's properties, priorities, and
resources, creates tension among the organization's
members due to uncertainties and time pressure, and covers
a limited time period for removing or mitigating the effects
through required precautions. Financial outlook, according
to Abdullah & Othman (2019), is a situation in which the
basic frameworks and norms are negatively affected due to
unforeseen developments. The Financial Outlook,
according to Mehta (2020), is clearly an important condition
of imbalance that is destroying the usual activities of the
public sector. This duration is one that challenges the
organization's short- and long-term objectives, necessitates
rapid action while also restricting the response's decision-
making period, and most importantly, surprises decision-
making units with its existence. Financial outlook
(Abdullah & Othman, 2019), situation approaching critical
stage, transitions requiring rapid conformance, and the
effects and reflections of an unorganized and unplanned
event on the entire public sectors can all be described in this
way. The financial outlook, according to Celdrana (2020),
is the level of risk and uncertainty. Tension is an unpleasant
condition, but it can also lead to results. This financial
outlook disrupts old practices, introduces new ideas,
promotes change, and keeps moving forward. Financial
outlook, according to Sudha and Shahnawaz (2020), is a
tense situation that threatens the top objectives of public
sectors, even threatening their life, and necessitates rapid
response, as well as a situation in which prediction and
preventive mechanisms become inadequate (Khan &
Abdullah, 2019).
It is not a reasonable strategy, according to Rizan et al.
(2020), to describe all negative situations encountered
within organizations as crises. For example, a public sector
leadership that predicts next year's inflation to be much
lower than this year's will face difficulties, and this situation
is referred to as Financial outlook. When financial outlook
is viewed as a leadership problem, all financial problems
that do not jeopardize the organization's life or make its
situation unbalanced are not considered financial outlook
(Anwar & Abd Zebari, 2015). It is incorrect to refer to
common leadership issues that lead to low morale and
motivation (getting the company and its leaders into trouble,
inability to collect accurate and complete information,
communication issues, and differing employee
expectations) as financial outlook. Although crises are often
preceded by warning signs, they may also occur as a result
of unexpected events. In this context, crises can be classified
into two types: sudden financial outlook and ongoing
financial outlook (Rabiul & Yean, 2021): This involve the
abrupt worsening and disparity of circumstances that have
a detrimental effect on staff, leaders, investors, customers,
vendors, public opinion, company revenues, and results,
with no advance warning to the organization's leaders.
According to Adam et al. (2020), crises may also be caused
by the organization's internal inadequacies. In other words,
financial outlook considerations may include organizational
rigidity, coordination issues, and managerial incapacity.
The inadequacies and issues within the leadership styles are
a second significant explanation for the encountering of
Financial outlook in leadership. Various internal factors of
a leadership can be identified as factors that can bring the
leadership to failure and even to financial outlook (Sudha &
Shahnawaz, 2020).
Conceptual framework
Research model:
The following is the research model:
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Fig.1-Research model
Research Hypothesis
The followings are research hypothesis:
H1: Transformational leadership has a significant influence
on Financial outlook during the COVID-19 Pandemic
H2: Transactional leadership has a significant influence on
Financial outlook during the COVID-19 Pandemic
H3: Charismatic leadership has a significant influence on
Financial outlook during the COVID-19 Pandemic
III. METHODOLOGY
Design of the study
A quantitative technique used in order to analyze this study.
According to (Cohen, 1980), it is defined as social research
that uses empirical and experimental techniques, on the
other hand (Creswell,1994) has presented a very brief
explanation of quantitative research as a kind of
investigation that is `clarifying phenomena by gathering
numerical data that are analyzed utilizing statistically
according to the techniques. It is clear that the first section
is clarifying phenomena is a key component of all academic
research. A questionnaire used to analyze the present study.
According to (Kumar, 2005) this study can be described as
a cross-sectional study, based on the number of possible
contacts out of the chosen study population.
Sampling size
A sample design is a plan for attaining certain sample from
a provided population. Sample design refers to the
procedure or method the researcher is willing to accept in
choosing items for the sample. Sampling is “the process of
selecting a few (a sample) from a bigger group (the
sampling population) to become the basis for estimating or
predicting the prevalence of an unknown piece of
information. The research used random sampling method to
find out the relationship between leadership styles and
Financial outlook. Sampling elements therefore have to be
representative for the main population. The mentioned
random sampling was carried out in locations in Erbil. A
total of 145 questionnaires were distributed in the ministry
of planning, however 130 questionnaires were received and
being completed properly and the data were collected
through in hard copies.
Instrument for measuring
To analyze the leadership styles and its relationship with
Financial outlook in the ministry of planning, this research
is investigating the three leadership styles (transformational
leadership, transactional leadership and charismatic
leadership) as independent factor and Financial outlook as
dependent factor. The participants were asked to rate how
important each item is according to the five point ordered
scales, ranging from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly
agree. This research instruments have been validated by
earlier researchers to be ideal for measuring, the
questionnaire adapted from (Sadeghi and Pihie, 2012, Gill,
et al., 2011, Murphy & Ensher,2008, Flynn& Staw, 2004,
Hinkin & Tracey, 1999, Judge & Piccolo,2004).
Data analysis
The main aim of this research is to analyze the relationship
between leadership styles and Financial outlook. As it
mentioned previously total of 130participants were
involved in completing the questionnaire. The participants
were asked to rate how important they perceived each item
on five point ordered scales. All data were analyzed by
using SPSS version 23.
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Table 1-Reliability Test
Factor Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
Transformational leadership .76 37
Transactional leadership .66 26
Charismatic leadership .68 28
Financial outlook .712 30
Table (1) presents the reliability test for three independent variables and a dependent The Alpha for transformational leadership
styles =.760> .6 (Kothari, 2004) this means that 37 items used for transformational leadership style were reliable, The Alpha
for transactional leadership styles =.660, this means that 26 items used for transactional leadership style were reliable. The
Alpha for charismatic leadership styles =.680, this means that 28 items used for charismatic leadership style were reliable and
the Alpha for Financial outlook =.712, this means that 30 items used for Financial outlook were reliable.
Table 2- Correlations Analysis
Correlations
Factors Pearson Correlation Financial outlook
Transformational leadership Pearson Correlation .662**
Sig. (2-Tailed) .000
N 130
Transactional leadership Pearson Correlation .526**
Sig. (2-Tailed) .000
N 630
Charismatic leadership Pearson Correlation .629**
Sig. (2-Tailed) .000
N 130
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table (2) presents the correlations between three
independent variable and dependent variable. It was found
that transformational leadership style has significant
correlation (r=.662**,
p<0.01) with Financial outlook.
Concerning the strength of the linear relationship is
moderate between transformational leadership and
Financial outlook. Furthermore, transactional leadership
style has significant correlation (r=.526**,
p<0.01) with
financial outlook. Concerning the strength of the linear
relationship is moderate between transactional leadership
and Financial outlook and charismatic leadership style has
significant correlation (r=.629**,
p<0.01) with financial
outlook. Concerning the strength of the linear relationship
is moderate between charismatic leadership and Financial
outlook.
Table 1: Coefficients
Coefficients
Variables Coefficients t-value P-value
Charismatic leadership .529 9.455 .000
Transactional leadership .046 6.929 .000
Transformational leadership .426 8.208 .000
R2
.642
F value 374.202 .000
Dependent Variable: Financial outlook
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Table (3) present the findings of multiple regression
analysis, it was found that charismatic leadership has
significantly predicted Financial outlook (Beta is weight
0.529, p<.001) this indicates that charismatic leadership will
have a direct positive association with Financial outlook,
transactional leadership has significantly predicted
Financial outlook (Beta is weight 0.046, p<.001) this
indicates that transactional leadership will have a direct
positive but weak association with Financial outlook and
transformational leadership has significantly predicted
Financial outlook (Beta is weight 0.426, p<.001) this
indicates that transformational leadership will have a direct
positive but weak association with Financial outlook.
Furthermore, it was found that the value of R square = .64
this indicates that 64% of total variation in Financial
outlook has explained by the three styles of leadership
(charismatic leadership, transformational leadership and
transactional leadership), also the F value for the three styles
of leadership (charismatic leadership, transformational
leadership and transactional leadership) as independent
variable =374.202 (374.202>1) this indicates there is a
significant relation between three styles of leadership
(charismatic leadership, transformational leadership and
transactional leadership) and Financial outlook.
IV. DISCUSSION
The findings of this research are discussed and developed
with themes generated from the research model and
research questions. The main purpose of this research is to
investigate the role of effective leadership style on Financial
outlook in the ministry of planning. When taking view of
the relationship between the transformational leadership
and management during Financial outlook, leader’s
Idealized influence characteristic as coaching, and
knowledge sharing and participative administration are
useful in sponsoring the organizational performance and
resulting in an effective management during Financial
outlook. (Arnold & McKay, 2013), presented that a system
with an optimum leader’s Idealized influence characteristic
could rise the organizational performance, it does not matter
what organizational strategic purposes of firms are.
Similarly, (Apprey, et al., 2014), explained that an optimum
leader’s Idealized influence characteristic has a strong
relation with the organizational performance. In the past
scholars connected to the leader’s Idealized influence
characteristic, it has been evidenced that leader’s Idealized
influence characteristic has a positive correlation with
financial performance, the administration performance,
market value, and productivity of a firm. (Apprey, et al.,
2014), believed that operational leader’s Idealized influence
characteristic, comprising performance evaluation,
recruitment and selection, information sharing, attitude
assessment, performance rewards, complaint handling
procedure, incentive compensation, work design, labor
participative management plans, and so on endorse the
organizational performance and connect with the high
organizational performance and management during
Financial outlook. Transformational Leader’s with
inspirational motivation characteristic assumption exposes
how to create a specific budget within a firm or an
organization. For instance, as (Tsuchiya, 2015),
demonstrate in their research of upper level management
decision making, Transformational Leader’s with
inspirational motivation characteristic thinks about the
individual competence of their firm or organization,
reasonable stages of financial outlook, and the degree
organizational finance self-sufficient, should be extremely
significant upon the choices of the organizational goals,
being able to achieve and accomplish the goals.
Olsen’s the allocation of resources and budgeting processes
visibly exposed his belief in the business bottom-up level
system. He steadily resisted allowing upper-level
management create targets, set goals and formulate
strategies, choosing in its place to stimulate the managers
and engineers under level of him to conclude with plan of
business and specific budgets that executives should
support. He agreed that individual should do their best
efforts and supreme commitment just to projects and
business plan that executives had invented.
Transformational leader’s Intellectual stimulation
characteristic has an obvious influence on the consequences
and organizational performance in Financial outlook time.
Leader’s Intellectual stimulation characteristic as the
capacity of the individual in the hierarchy of roles allocated
to affect the group in accomplishing better organizational
performance. Leader’s Intellectual stimulation
characteristics frequently have substantial effect on the
performance of the organization. Some empirical researches
have constantly held and shown that the Leader’s
Intellectual stimulation characteristic plays a significant
role in inducing and effecting individuals of the
organization to attain the goals of the organization to
become a good organizational performance in Financial
outlook time. Previous studies supported the above results,
the finding of this research shows that effective
transformational leader’s Intellectual stimulation
characteristic will determine the formation or changes in
organizational behavior during Financial outlook.
Furthermore, this behavior is regarded as a guide behavior
or a strong organizational culture and business in harmony
with the environment. Similarly, the views of suggested that
the leadership behavior of leaders of organizations on the
one hand influenced by the culture of the organization, but
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on the other hand leadership in organization shaping and
changing the organizational culture within a company or
organization. Based on the mean value of the leadership
variable, individual consideration appears to have a low
value. It is directly proportional to the low mean values on
a people-oriented culture. In other words, less attention and
encouragement from leader to the development of human
resource resulted in less competent subordinates. Leader’s
individual consideration characteristic is a set of internal
organizational individual management strategies in
Financial outlook time. The actual application of the
Leader’s individual consideration characteristic in many
circumstances could assist firms use individuals efficiently
for the accomplishment of organizational aims. Though,
categorizations of the Leader’s individual consideration
characteristic settled by many researchers are distinguished
from each other, for instance, the inducement strategy, and
the investment strategy and the contribution strategy
provided by (Yamori, 2015) and three other sorts of
Leader’s individual consideration characteristic for
instance, facilitation, utilization, and accumulation
presented by (Celik, et al., 2016). Hence, the motivational
strategy, the reinforcement strategy, transfer strategy, and
the development strategy, presented by (Kargas, &
Varoutas, 2015), were considered as the dimensions of the
Leader’s individual consideration characteristic.
Transformational leader’s individual consideration
characteristic, especially the founder of the organization,
leaving a core value that guide members of the organization
from its inception up to the future. The main values that
guide members of the organization is called the
organizational culture during Financial outlook. The
characteristics and orientation brought by the leaders in the
organization will affect the culture adopted in his or her
organization. Leaders in the organization oriented and
autocratic control of the organization will be centralized and
managed by top-down approach. The founder of an
organization that participatory and team oriented, the
organization will be decentralized and open. Past literature
is evident of the attention given in order to examine the
effect of leadership especially, transformational leadership
with individual consideration characteristic on
organizational performance and Financial outlook. In the
last decade, relatively new concept was developed.
Transformational leadership was conceptualized as plays an
important role in the creation of organizational culture
which in turn affects organizational performance. However,
there is lack of empirical evidence investigating the
existence and nature of this link. The present study was
aimed at examining the impact of transformational
leadership on organizational performance along with
exploring the mediating function of culture of organization
in the association between transformational leadership and
organization performance. Findings based on 265 managers
from the banking sector of Pakistan supports our
proposition that organizational performance is positively
influenced by transformational leadership. The results
established transformational leadership facilitating
performance of organization. The results are also supported
by past studies. For example, meta-analyses empirically
confirmed the positive association between the two
constructs. Transformational leaders when compared with
transactional leaders were found to be better predictor of
performance within the organization. The hypothesized role
of culture of organization between transformational
leadership and organization performance as a mediator was
also supported. The findings are also consistent with the
previous literature. The transformational leaders have the
ability to provide a clear, practical and credible vision to
their followers.
Transactional leadership as the accomplishment of
organizational objectives in Financial outlook time by
social exchange for instance the idea of punishment and
reward, at the same time, transformational leadership,
induce others to have a view at circumstances in different
ways than others, and reacted positively to alternate vision
of the leader. Many theories support the relationship
between organizational culture and leadership. In several
successful firms in the world, leaders establish an excellent
organizational environment in Financial outlook time.
Previous studies supported the above result, the results
showed a significant positive effect of transactional leader’s
contingent reward characteristic on Financial outlook. It
means that effective leader’s contingent reward
characteristic role on the formation of organizational culture
and management during Financial outlook. This finding
suggests the enactment of "role model" theory. A leader is
establishing or changing the culture through mind, speech
and behavior as shown on his or her dealing with problems
or paying attention to everything that is considered
important. This finding is also consistent with the findings
of some previous researchers, namely: one of the functions
of the leader is to create and build a culture and climate
within the organization. Many scholars’ outcomes
presented that the leader’s management by exception
characteristic has important link with the organizational
performance during Financial outlook, and different
leadership styles might have a negative correlation positive
or correlation with the organizational performance, relying
on the variables used by scholars. The comparison between
leader’s management by exception characteristic and
leadership during Financial outlook has been made by
(Cruz-Milán, et al., 2016), they compared two in schools
and firms, and then he was able to present that the leader’s
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management by exception characteristic has an important
positive correlation with the organizational performance
during Financial outlook. (Felix,et al., 2015), stated that
successes behind of the business management attributes
were the efficiency of leader’s management by exception
characteristic, which is the styles of leadership of
supervisors, managers, and administrative has a
considerable impact on the performance of organizations.
leader’s management by exception characteristic have a
significant effect on the work performance of individuals
and particularly during Financial outlook. In addition, it
refers to that the leader’s management by exception
characteristic as well impacts the organizational
performance. leader’s management by exception
characteristic defines the organizational performance that
employees should realize, and provide recommendation and
feedback to implementation. In this paper, employees might
be able to understand the requirements and conditions of
their role and executives could know demands of employees
at the main time. Therefore, the leader’s management by
exception characteristic of executives, employees could
make organizational demanded performance and obtain
their rewards. Research consequences presented that the
leader’s management by exception characteristic has
extremely positive correlation with the organizational
performance during Financial outlook. Transactional
leaders with management by exception characteristic
generally make decisions about various factors that will
shape the culture. Leaders in the organization were also
exemplary of the other members of the organization. They
set a status symbol and bequeath the artefact/main
foundation of organizational culture. The power of leaders
to make decisions regarding the strategy, structure and
system of the organization is an effort of cultural formation.
By determining the hierarchy, levels of monitoring,
reporting relationships, and the level of formalization and
specialization, the leader creates culture. Transactional
leader’s laissez faire characteristic is the most of leaders,
founders, managers, even co-workers are getting advantage
for communicating their thought and believe, also what they
pay attention to management during Financial outlook.
Transactional leader’s laissez faire characteristic in general
their behavior has great value for sharing assumptions to
other organization`s members, particularly newcomers.
Some executives made videotapes that drew their obvious
philosophy, and these videos were presented to
organization`s new members as part of their first training.
Nevertheless, we could see the difference between the
messages from videos or delivered staged settings, for
instance when a leader presents a welcoming speech to
organization`s newcomers, and the messages delivered
from informal method. Usually, messages in informal way
consider the more powerful and strong teaching method.
Steinberg, for instance, illustrated his necessity to be
included in everything in more detail way through his
repeated visits to work locations and for inspection. Once
he was away for vacation, he was giving a call to the office
every moment and he was asking in details of the business.
This made clear to explain all managers and supervisors to
be visible and control their work daily. Transactional
leader’s laissez faire characteristic attempt to get smart
those applicants who look like current members in style,
beliefs assumptions, and values. Transactional leader’s
laissez faire characteristic are believed that the best
candidates to recruit and are allocated characteristics that
would validate their being employed. Except somebody
from out of the organization is explicitly included in the
recruiting, it is not possible of learning how much the
existing understood assumptions are directing recruiters’
opinions of the applicants. However, it is obvious that
primary selection decisions for new employees, based on
the standards applied in the promotion system, are
influential mechanisms for embedding and continuing the
culture, particularly when integrated with socialization
strategies considered to teach assumptions of the culture.
(Bipath, 2012), discussed that leader’s vision characteristic
ought to leave of personal style and try to make the best to
convince everyone to be member and join of leadership, and
the leadership style mostly with leader’s vision
characteristic will make appropriate strategies within
timeframe. (Jong, et al., 2016), stated that leader’s vision
characteristic) motivating and coaching employees could
drive leaders to present carefully their leadership style.
At the time an organization experiences Financial outlook,
the way that charismatic leaders with personal risk
characteristic deal with such Financial outlook establishes
new values, new norms, and exposes significant
assumptions. Crises are particularly important in creating a
culture and transmission because the reason is the emotional
association during such eras raises the strength of learning.
For instance, a firm faced bankrupt, the reason behind
bankrupt is over engineered, also the firm`s products are so
expensive. The firm tried to maintain by producing lower
quality of products in order to be able to remain competitive
in the market area. Later on the market area required high
quality products based on customer`s demand, this firm was
not able to produce better quality of the product to protect
itself from bankrupt. Crises about matters of internal
integration could also expose and embed the assumptions of
leader. The best time to control an organization is when
performances of insubordination took place. Thus, much of
the culture of an organization is based on hierarchy, power,
authority, and power. For instance, Olsen visibly and
frequently exposed his assumption that he didn’t believe
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that he recognized best based on his understanding and
motivating behaviour when followers discussed with him.
Charismatic leader’s sensitivity to follower characteristic
one of the most understated yet most powerful methods in
which founder’s assumptions become embedded and
continued is the practice of choosing new members. For
instance, Olsen supposed that the best method to shape an
organization was to employ very clever, tough, independent
individual, articulate, and then assign them lots of
responsibility. Another example by Ciba-Geigy employed
very clever person who should be suitable into the culture
that had developed over a century.
Previous studies supported the study is in line with about
the national culture. Indonesia has a score of 46 low-to
moderate masculinity. This suggests that low levels of
encouragement to produce high performance or a strong-
organizational culture. If the traditional culture is not
formed into a powerful organizational culture that fit the
global business environment, the organizational culture had
no effect on organizational performance. This study is also
consistent with the "dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional
organization capturing the behavioral norms of
organizational culture and drive performance". He found
that a charismatic leader with sensitivity to follower’s
characteristic has significant effect on organizational
culture improvement during Financial outlook.
V. CONCLUSIONS
The rapid transformations experienced in economy and
other external environment conditions and certain
negativities present within the structure of the organization
may drag the management into extraordinary situations
named as ‘’Financial outlook’’. When it is considered that
the Financial outlook is the situations that can be affected
and even end the activities and presence of the organization,
it is essential to take the necessary precautions accordingly.
This study mainly discussed the relationship between the
leadership style, the Financial outlook in Erbil, and also
inspected whether interaction between certain leadership
characteristic and Financial outlook. Research results
showed that charismatic leadership has become severe in
recent years and that organizational development strategies
often need transforming during Financial outlook time.
Thus, an organization is more eager than ever for those who
have the charismatic leadership being able to change
organizational strategy and culture and being able to enable
the organization to be more adaptable to external
environmental requirements during Financial outlook time.
It is certain that an organization also expect these that have
the transformational leadership with idealized influence
characteristic of being self-confident and competent for
expressing visions. Furthermore, subordinates will be
inspired with more potential by such leadership styles and
make more mental and physical efforts for organizations.
Therefore, an organization can start from adjusting the
leadership style if wanting to promote the organizational
performance during Financial outlook time. Many scholars
and experts think that charismatic leadership style will make
employees feel a drab and boring job. Thus, in order to
retain high-working capacity employees, leaders should
also tend to the charismatic leadership conforming to no
conventional patterns and engaging in innovative and
normative actions, besides introducing a development and
inspiring strategic incentive system. When subordinates’
willingness and ability to work are low, they may show
behavior deviation from rules and standards or even high
proportion below the standards. If so, leadership can adopt
the position relocation change, discipline management or
tutorial interview of the transference strategy. Also, based
on active and passive management-by-exception, leaders
can also take correction measures and make intervention
through the transactional leadership. Talents are the most
important assets of enterprises. In this market environment
filled with competition, the key to success is to possess
talents. Thus, if facing a group of high-working-capacity
talents, an enterprise can introduce incentive systems and
career development systems for implementation so as to
realize organizational performance target. The above
research results can prove that this study is not only correct
in establishing literature review, data analysis method,
research direction and theoretical framework but also can be
combined with practice. Furthermore, the results of this
study should have a reference value for enterprises to find
subordinates suitable for the leadership style during
Financial outlook time. For the sake of rigorousness, this
study broadly collected domestic and foreign scholars’
works and periodicals for in-depth discussion, established
the conceptual framework, made assumptions and
inferences and then used questionnaire survey for
verification. In theory, through such leadership style as the
development strategy, the motivational strategy, the
enforcement strategy and the transfer strategy, this study
has established an analysis model for relevance between
different leadership styles and Financial outlook. It can be
offered for future relative research, as reference basis. In
practice, different leadership styles presented in this study
can be offered as a basis for the ministry of planning to
implement different leadership styles during Financial
outlook time. In this way, an organization can promote
recognition and devotion of employees for it under different
strategies or leaderships and then furthermore create the
overall organizational performance, besides different
leadership styles can be used for different strategies.
11. Nabaz Nawzad Abdullah et al. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM)
5(2)-2021
http://www.aipublications.com/ijebm 18
Therefore, this study has a reference value in both theory
and practice. Charismatic leadership conforming to no
conventional patterns and engaging in innovative and
normative actions, besides introducing a development and
inspiring strategic incentive system, when subordinates’
willingness and ability to work are low, they may show
behaviour deviation from rules and standards or even high
proportion below the standards.
The Financial outlook is the chaotic situations that the
organizations and the society can encounter and create
chaos. On the other hand, there is not any method that can
thoroughly prevent the possibility of Financial outlook.
When the Financial outlook in question is a natural disaster,
knowing this beforehand and foretelling the results is
impossible at least for knowledge. The step to be taken to
be prepared against Financial outlook and the results to be
created, to take necessary precautions to develop early
warning systems and to get rid of the Financial outlook with
minimum damage by managing the chaotic situation created
by the Financial outlook. The other precautions utilized
against Financial outlook, on the other hand, were dismissal
of personnel reduction of expenditures and ceasing of
investments. However, certain organization went too far in
such applications by disregarding the future. Certain other
organization on the other hand, by regarding that the
Financial outlook is only temporary, have prepared
themselves to their reanimation period without
discontinuing investment. The most important issue to be
mentioned regarding this subject is that the easiest way of
getting rid of Financial outlook is the necessity of taking the
necessary precautions at the organization prior to the
occurrence of Financial outlook. On the other hand, the
necessary condition for being prepared before Financial
outlook are encountered at the management is the presence
of certain early warning systems within the organizations.
By the help of these systems, it will be possible to perceive
the signs of the Financial outlook and thus the convenient
and necessary precautions will be able to be taken in time,
in accordance with the characteristics of the situation and to
be put into execution. By the help of early warning systems,
the application of preventive measures, rather than healing
measures is enabled and thus the Financial outlook is the
more effectively managed. Another point to be stressed at
this stage is the possibility of encountering Financial
outlook in management despite the presence of early
warning systems. Whatever the reasons, it is inevitable for
the management entering into Financial outlook to realize
certain activities, with the objective of fighting with this
negative situation. The adequacy of the monetary and
intellectual, management and leaders are very important
from the viewpoint taking the Financial outlook under
control and to remove the negative influence of damages.
The lack of adequate and quality resources of the
management and leadership that can be utilized during
times of Financial outlook may lead to the elongation of the
state of Financial outlook. The periods of Financial outlook
give way to various problems for the leadership. The most
important of these fields is doubtlessly management and
organization. In the leadership Financial outlook,
significant negativities are experienced from the managerial
and organizational viewpoints. From the negativities arising
from the negative events experienced during the periods of
Financial outlook of the organization, those observed
widespread were designated. According to this, the intensity
of the negativities from the leadership and organizational
viewpoints were understood. The most important problem
experienced was the low-sprit of the leaders and personnel.
The second important negativity was the psychological
problems of the managers and the personnel. The third
negativity, on the other hand, was the lack of
communication between the various departments of the
organization. With the objective of realizing the Financial
outlook, the internal and external structure of the
organization should be continuously controlled and the
harmony of the leadership should be controlled. In addition,
the preparations of the leaders against the Financial outlook
can be controlled by carefully evaluating the economic
indicators. Therefore, the leadership and personnel should
be prepared against Financial outlook, with the structures
and data at hand and they should know what to do, select
the system to be adopted when the Financial outlook breaks
out, as well as manage the Financial outlook when it breaks
out in the best possible manner.
VI. IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES
According to the research findings mentioned previously,
there is more to uncover on the subject of leadership styles
and Financial outlook in Erbil. A bigger sample size and
including all the key races in Erbil would provide support.
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