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Running head: GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD
6
GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD
Group Discussion Board Forum 2: Part 1
Jessica Raborn
Chapter 4: How do you think planning in today’s organizations
compares to planning in an organization 25 years ago? Do you
think planning becomes more important or less important in a
world where everything quickly changes and crises are a regular
part of organizational life? Why?
Today companies must constantly seek competitive advantage
without disrupting daily operations. They must be able to adapt
quickly and more efficiently to change. In a high technology,
instant gratification, fast paced world companies can’t just
focus on doing one thing well and make changes slowly. They
must be able to adapt to situations quickly and with effective
results. They should constantly seek opportunity and be able to
identify and capitalize on initiatives (Kotter, 2012).
Companies and organizations are affected by their
environment. The external environment affects what happens in
the internal environment. The external environment is generally
classified as either certain or uncertain and by degree of
complexity. As these factors change and increase or decrease in
the external environment, the internal environment adapts to
these changes. Years ago companies coped with environmental
changes by creating “buffer departments.” The purpose of these
buffering roles was to absorb the uncertainty from the
environment. Many organizations no longer create these buffer
departments. They instead allow the core of the company to be
exposed. They believe that by doing so they are being more
open to the customers or suppliers and not focusing on internal
efficiency. This allows the building of closer relationships with
suppliers and customers.
A Crisis is defined as a set of circumstances in which
institutions or individuals face threats outside of the normal
daily routine. The significance of these circumstances vary
widely depending to individuals and their coping mechanisms
(Drennan, McConnell, & Stark, 2015). The last decade in
America has introduced us to many crisis events including 9/11
and hurricane Katrina. These crisis events have made people
question the vunerability of our country, as well as, the ability
to cope and respond to crisis. Crises can also occur frequently
in the business world. The key to correcting these crises is to
react quickly and formulate a plan, although I think that
planning months in advance is less likely the key to success
today. The best plan of action in today’s business world is just
to have general idea of what you plan to do with the ability to
adapt quickly when necessary.
Chapter 4: Is changing the organization's domain a feasible
strategy for coping with a threatening environment? Can you
think of an organization in the recent news that has changed its
domain? Explain.
The domain is defined as the chosen environment field of
action. It is the location in which a particular organization
conducts its business and provides its products and services.
However, a organization’s domain is ever changing. It develops
and changes with the products and services in order to stay up
to date with the trends in that particular field. Especially in
order to be able to compete with competitors in the same field.
(Daft, 2016).
In today’s highly competitive and over technological
world, organizations must change their domain to keep up with
competitors. One of the most recent examples is with Facebook.
Facebook has been around since the early 2000s. The social
media giant was originally only popular with college students.
Today everyone has a facebook account or atleast knows what
the application is. In recent years other social media
applications such has Twitter, Instagram, Periscope and most
recently snapchat have entered the field. Although facebook was
originally only know for its profile and picture sharing, it has
recently added the ability to post “stories” or short snapshot
videos to user profiles. Facebook added this feature or changed
their domain in order to compete with all of the other social
media applications in their field. This change in their domain
will help to keep them current in the everchanging world of
social media.
Chapter 6: Compare the descriptions of the transnational model
described in Chapter 6 to the elements of the learning
organization described in Chapter 1. Do you think the
transnational model would work in a huge global firm?
A transnational model is a commercial enterprise that operates
substantial facilities, does business in more than one country
and does not consider any particular country its national home.
One of the significant advantages of a transnational company is
that they are able to maintain a greater degree of responsiveness
to the local markets where they maintain facilities (WebFinance
Inc., 2017). The transnational model represents one of the most
advanced kind of international organizations and is extremely
complex. This model is most useful in large, multinational
organizations that have many diverse units. This model is
characterized by 4 main characteristics:
-“The assets and resources are dispersed worldwide into very
specialized operations that are linked together throught
interdependent relationships” (Daft, 2016). This means that
resources are distributed to help the organization respond to
needs within the product market.
-“Structures are flexible and ever-changing” (Daft, 2016).
According to this characteristic the organizations centralize
some functions in one place and some in another. This helps to
be able to specialize functions and products depending on the
domain and environment.
-“Subsidiary managers initiate strategy and innovations that
become strategy for the corporation as a whole” (Daft, 2016).
This means that managers have specific roles only for their
division. This allows adaptation depending on the demands and
opportunities of the environment (Daft, 2016).
-“Unification and coordination are achieved primarily through
corporate culture, shared vision and values, and management
style, rather than through formal structures and systems” (Daft,
2016).
These characteristics help to develop the transnational model
and seek to provide strong coordination and knowledge building
throughout the entire organization. The model is very complex
but in the previous years has gradually became more popular
with larger organizations across the globe.
How can/should a biblical worldview be applied?
The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of
Eden to work it and take care of it. (Genesis 2:15 NIV) The lord
expects us to work hard for the things that we want. He wants
us to put substantial effort into our work. This means that
managers should constantly strive to take care of their business
and the organization they work for, as well as, their employees.
I feel as though if managers and owners of organizations will
continue to look to the lord and the word of the bible they will
be very successful in today’s business world.
References:
Daft, R. (2016). Organizational Theory & Design. Boston, MA:
Cengage Learning.
Drennan, L., McConnell, A., & Stark, A. (2015). Risk and
Crisis Management in the Public Sector. New York, NY:
Routledge.
Kotter, J. (2012). Accelerate. Harvard Business Review.
WebFinance Inc. (2017). Retrieved from Business Dictionary:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transnational-
company.html
1
Running head: ORGANIZATION THEORY AND DESIGN
6
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND DESIGN
Discussion Board Forum 2: Part 1
Amanda Newell
Chapter 4: How do you think planning in today’s organizations
compares to planning in an organization 25 years ago? Do you
think planning becomes more important or less important in a
world where everything quickly changes and crises are a regular
part of organizational life? Why?
Planning in today’s organizations is a necessary tool needed in
order for any business to survive (Daft, 2016). The business
world has evolved in the last 25 years largely due to the
innovation in technology. As technology continues to be the
driving innovative force in the business arena, businesses must
be able to compete by staying current with the changes.
According to Daft (2016), when an environment becomes
unpredictable, planning is actually imperative to the survival of
a business. During times of uncertain change mangers shift their
focus on planning activities for their employees that promote
learning new skills, adapting to change, and innovation (Daft,
2016).
In 2001 when the World Trade Centers were under terrorist
attack this incident sparked a frenzy among businesses to
prepare plans in case such events happened again in the future
(Daft, 2016). In 2012 when a disturbed young man decided to
unlawfully enter an elementary school in the state of
Connecticut and started shooting this incident began the
planning and education of staff members in many different
places of employment on how to manage and survive an active
shooter situation (Downs, 2015).
As a nurse of 14 years I can remember when active shooter
education became a part of our yearly competency education
packets. It became essential for the hospital (a business) to
educate their staff and implement a plan of action in case an
active shooter were to enter our facility. According to Rorie
(2015), the goal of any active shooter training is to review
existing policies to identify weaknesses, establish protocols for
employees on how to handle active shooter incidents, and
improve communication between hospital personnel and first
responders just to name a few. These goals are concurrent with
the concepts promoted in Daft (2016), which encourages
communication as the key for an organization to be successful
in an uncertain environment. It is instances like the ones
mentioned above that have placed the belief in me that planning
is more important than ever before. As stated above we live in a
constantly changing world, in order to be successful planning is
essential to anyone or any business, and this is supported by the
literature in our textbook.
Chapter 4: Is changing the organization's domain a feasible
strategy for coping with a threatening environment? Can you
think of an organization in the recent news that has changed its
domain? Explain.
A domain as defined by Daft (2016) is any organization’s
chosen “niche” in the environment that they choose to operate
in. It is businesses chosen territory where they are known for
either their products made or services provided. This
environment sets the tone for the business regarding where they
will operate within their chosen environment, and the goals
needed to be achieved in order to be considered successful in
that environment.
Changing an organization’s domain is a feasible strategy
for coping with a threatening environment if it means staying
operational as a business. As discussed above, all businesses are
affected by the constant changes occurring in the world with
technology. It is the driving force implementing changes in all
areas of business. Businesses need to stay competitive to stay in
business so if changing their domain to assist with that keeps
the doors open then it is something to consider. Earley (2014),
discusses staying competitive in the world of digital technology
is not easy. Consumers are looking for the latest and greatest
technological advances on the market, and the problem is
companies are all creating similar item at the same time. Earley
(2014), suggests that in order to stay competitive it might be
necessary to break the organizations current business model for
one that will allow for changes that will grow the company at a
faster speed allowing it to stay competitive within its current
domain.
Over the last 3 plus decades the Apple Company has been
in the news multiple times unveiling their newest, latest, and
greatest technological advancement in computer technology.
Two men named Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started the
company in the 1970’s. In 1980 the first MAC PC was presented
and made available to the public. Over the last 3 decades the
home computer, computer software, cellular phones, and hand
held computer devices have been part of the advancements and
contributions made by Apple to the world (Finkle & Mallin,
2010). Although the company stays within the technology
domain they are constantly striving to take their business to the
next innovative level to stay ahead of their competition.
Chapter 6: Compare the descriptions of the transnational model
described in Chapter 6 to the elements of the learning
organization described in Chapter 1. Do you think the
transnational model would work in a huge global firm?
The transnational model as discussed by Daft (2016), states this
model is useful for organizations looking to scale a complex
business on an international level. The transnational model has
proven to be effective for organizations that have locations
spread all over the world as well as subsidiaries within the
organization. The purpose of using this model for this type of
organization is to incorporate technological advances,
innovation, learning, and knowledge sharing to obtain both
local and global business (Daft, 2016).
The learning organization as discussed by Daft (2016), is
an organization that works on collaborative creativity to achieve
their business goals. In learning organization there are fewer
constraints, and an open teamwork and collaborative
environment. There is no hierarchy structure within this
organizational setting, and employees are trusted to do the work
they were hired to do (Daft, 2016). The elimination of barriers
is key to having a successful learning organization and usually
leads to less formal reporting structures and more openness
among all employees (Wen, 2014).
I do believe a transnational model would work well for a
huge global firm because according to Daft (2016), that is the
exact intent of the model. The model contains the following
characteristics specifically designed in achieving global
business success. Assets and resources are dispersed worldwide,
structures are constantly changing and are flexible, managers
are responsible for proposing new strategies that will function
for the entire global company, and coordination is achieved
through corporate culture (Daft, 2016).
How can/should a biblical worldview be applied?
Business, whether local or global can be a tough industry to
survive in. Changes are bound to occur and how an individual
chooses to view those changes can be influential in the
decisions made that can affect any organization either in a
positive or negative way. I have always tried to pull strength
from the Serenity Prayer in situations where tough decisions
have to be made. “God grant me the serenity to accept the
things I cannot change; courage to change the things I can; and
the wisdom to know the difference” (Reinhold Niebuhr).
References
Daft, R. L. (2016). Organization theory & design (12th ed.).
Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Downs, S. (2015). Active shooter in an educational facility.
Journal of Emergency Management, 13(4), 303.
Earley, S. (2014). The digital transformation: staying
competitive. IT Professional, 16(2), 58-60.
Finkle, T. A., & Mallin, M. L. (2010). Steve jobs and apple, inc.
Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,
16(7), 31.
Rorie, S. (2015). Implementing an active shooter training
program. AORN Journal, 101(1), C5- C6.
Wen, H. (2014). The nature, characteristics and ten strategies of
learning organization. The International Journal of
Educational Management, 28(3), 289-298.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1108/IJEM-04-
2013-0062

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1Running head GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD6GROUP DISCUSSION B.docx

  • 1. 1 Running head: GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD 6 GROUP DISCUSSION BOARD Group Discussion Board Forum 2: Part 1 Jessica Raborn Chapter 4: How do you think planning in today’s organizations compares to planning in an organization 25 years ago? Do you think planning becomes more important or less important in a world where everything quickly changes and crises are a regular part of organizational life? Why? Today companies must constantly seek competitive advantage
  • 2. without disrupting daily operations. They must be able to adapt quickly and more efficiently to change. In a high technology, instant gratification, fast paced world companies can’t just focus on doing one thing well and make changes slowly. They must be able to adapt to situations quickly and with effective results. They should constantly seek opportunity and be able to identify and capitalize on initiatives (Kotter, 2012). Companies and organizations are affected by their environment. The external environment affects what happens in the internal environment. The external environment is generally classified as either certain or uncertain and by degree of complexity. As these factors change and increase or decrease in the external environment, the internal environment adapts to these changes. Years ago companies coped with environmental changes by creating “buffer departments.” The purpose of these buffering roles was to absorb the uncertainty from the environment. Many organizations no longer create these buffer departments. They instead allow the core of the company to be exposed. They believe that by doing so they are being more open to the customers or suppliers and not focusing on internal efficiency. This allows the building of closer relationships with suppliers and customers. A Crisis is defined as a set of circumstances in which institutions or individuals face threats outside of the normal daily routine. The significance of these circumstances vary widely depending to individuals and their coping mechanisms (Drennan, McConnell, & Stark, 2015). The last decade in America has introduced us to many crisis events including 9/11 and hurricane Katrina. These crisis events have made people question the vunerability of our country, as well as, the ability to cope and respond to crisis. Crises can also occur frequently in the business world. The key to correcting these crises is to react quickly and formulate a plan, although I think that planning months in advance is less likely the key to success today. The best plan of action in today’s business world is just to have general idea of what you plan to do with the ability to
  • 3. adapt quickly when necessary. Chapter 4: Is changing the organization's domain a feasible strategy for coping with a threatening environment? Can you think of an organization in the recent news that has changed its domain? Explain. The domain is defined as the chosen environment field of action. It is the location in which a particular organization conducts its business and provides its products and services. However, a organization’s domain is ever changing. It develops and changes with the products and services in order to stay up to date with the trends in that particular field. Especially in order to be able to compete with competitors in the same field. (Daft, 2016). In today’s highly competitive and over technological world, organizations must change their domain to keep up with competitors. One of the most recent examples is with Facebook. Facebook has been around since the early 2000s. The social media giant was originally only popular with college students. Today everyone has a facebook account or atleast knows what the application is. In recent years other social media applications such has Twitter, Instagram, Periscope and most recently snapchat have entered the field. Although facebook was originally only know for its profile and picture sharing, it has recently added the ability to post “stories” or short snapshot videos to user profiles. Facebook added this feature or changed their domain in order to compete with all of the other social media applications in their field. This change in their domain will help to keep them current in the everchanging world of social media. Chapter 6: Compare the descriptions of the transnational model described in Chapter 6 to the elements of the learning organization described in Chapter 1. Do you think the
  • 4. transnational model would work in a huge global firm? A transnational model is a commercial enterprise that operates substantial facilities, does business in more than one country and does not consider any particular country its national home. One of the significant advantages of a transnational company is that they are able to maintain a greater degree of responsiveness to the local markets where they maintain facilities (WebFinance Inc., 2017). The transnational model represents one of the most advanced kind of international organizations and is extremely complex. This model is most useful in large, multinational organizations that have many diverse units. This model is characterized by 4 main characteristics: -“The assets and resources are dispersed worldwide into very specialized operations that are linked together throught interdependent relationships” (Daft, 2016). This means that resources are distributed to help the organization respond to needs within the product market. -“Structures are flexible and ever-changing” (Daft, 2016). According to this characteristic the organizations centralize some functions in one place and some in another. This helps to be able to specialize functions and products depending on the domain and environment. -“Subsidiary managers initiate strategy and innovations that become strategy for the corporation as a whole” (Daft, 2016). This means that managers have specific roles only for their division. This allows adaptation depending on the demands and opportunities of the environment (Daft, 2016). -“Unification and coordination are achieved primarily through corporate culture, shared vision and values, and management style, rather than through formal structures and systems” (Daft, 2016). These characteristics help to develop the transnational model and seek to provide strong coordination and knowledge building throughout the entire organization. The model is very complex but in the previous years has gradually became more popular with larger organizations across the globe.
  • 5. How can/should a biblical worldview be applied? The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. (Genesis 2:15 NIV) The lord expects us to work hard for the things that we want. He wants us to put substantial effort into our work. This means that managers should constantly strive to take care of their business and the organization they work for, as well as, their employees. I feel as though if managers and owners of organizations will continue to look to the lord and the word of the bible they will be very successful in today’s business world. References: Daft, R. (2016). Organizational Theory & Design. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Drennan, L., McConnell, A., & Stark, A. (2015). Risk and Crisis Management in the Public Sector. New York, NY: Routledge. Kotter, J. (2012). Accelerate. Harvard Business Review. WebFinance Inc. (2017). Retrieved from Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transnational- company.html 1 Running head: ORGANIZATION THEORY AND DESIGN 6 ORGANIZATION THEORY AND DESIGN
  • 6. Discussion Board Forum 2: Part 1 Amanda Newell Chapter 4: How do you think planning in today’s organizations compares to planning in an organization 25 years ago? Do you think planning becomes more important or less important in a world where everything quickly changes and crises are a regular part of organizational life? Why? Planning in today’s organizations is a necessary tool needed in order for any business to survive (Daft, 2016). The business world has evolved in the last 25 years largely due to the innovation in technology. As technology continues to be the driving innovative force in the business arena, businesses must be able to compete by staying current with the changes. According to Daft (2016), when an environment becomes unpredictable, planning is actually imperative to the survival of a business. During times of uncertain change mangers shift their focus on planning activities for their employees that promote learning new skills, adapting to change, and innovation (Daft, 2016). In 2001 when the World Trade Centers were under terrorist attack this incident sparked a frenzy among businesses to
  • 7. prepare plans in case such events happened again in the future (Daft, 2016). In 2012 when a disturbed young man decided to unlawfully enter an elementary school in the state of Connecticut and started shooting this incident began the planning and education of staff members in many different places of employment on how to manage and survive an active shooter situation (Downs, 2015). As a nurse of 14 years I can remember when active shooter education became a part of our yearly competency education packets. It became essential for the hospital (a business) to educate their staff and implement a plan of action in case an active shooter were to enter our facility. According to Rorie (2015), the goal of any active shooter training is to review existing policies to identify weaknesses, establish protocols for employees on how to handle active shooter incidents, and improve communication between hospital personnel and first responders just to name a few. These goals are concurrent with the concepts promoted in Daft (2016), which encourages communication as the key for an organization to be successful in an uncertain environment. It is instances like the ones mentioned above that have placed the belief in me that planning is more important than ever before. As stated above we live in a constantly changing world, in order to be successful planning is essential to anyone or any business, and this is supported by the literature in our textbook. Chapter 4: Is changing the organization's domain a feasible strategy for coping with a threatening environment? Can you think of an organization in the recent news that has changed its domain? Explain. A domain as defined by Daft (2016) is any organization’s chosen “niche” in the environment that they choose to operate in. It is businesses chosen territory where they are known for either their products made or services provided. This environment sets the tone for the business regarding where they will operate within their chosen environment, and the goals needed to be achieved in order to be considered successful in
  • 8. that environment. Changing an organization’s domain is a feasible strategy for coping with a threatening environment if it means staying operational as a business. As discussed above, all businesses are affected by the constant changes occurring in the world with technology. It is the driving force implementing changes in all areas of business. Businesses need to stay competitive to stay in business so if changing their domain to assist with that keeps the doors open then it is something to consider. Earley (2014), discusses staying competitive in the world of digital technology is not easy. Consumers are looking for the latest and greatest technological advances on the market, and the problem is companies are all creating similar item at the same time. Earley (2014), suggests that in order to stay competitive it might be necessary to break the organizations current business model for one that will allow for changes that will grow the company at a faster speed allowing it to stay competitive within its current domain. Over the last 3 plus decades the Apple Company has been in the news multiple times unveiling their newest, latest, and greatest technological advancement in computer technology. Two men named Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started the company in the 1970’s. In 1980 the first MAC PC was presented and made available to the public. Over the last 3 decades the home computer, computer software, cellular phones, and hand held computer devices have been part of the advancements and contributions made by Apple to the world (Finkle & Mallin, 2010). Although the company stays within the technology domain they are constantly striving to take their business to the next innovative level to stay ahead of their competition. Chapter 6: Compare the descriptions of the transnational model described in Chapter 6 to the elements of the learning organization described in Chapter 1. Do you think the transnational model would work in a huge global firm? The transnational model as discussed by Daft (2016), states this model is useful for organizations looking to scale a complex
  • 9. business on an international level. The transnational model has proven to be effective for organizations that have locations spread all over the world as well as subsidiaries within the organization. The purpose of using this model for this type of organization is to incorporate technological advances, innovation, learning, and knowledge sharing to obtain both local and global business (Daft, 2016). The learning organization as discussed by Daft (2016), is an organization that works on collaborative creativity to achieve their business goals. In learning organization there are fewer constraints, and an open teamwork and collaborative environment. There is no hierarchy structure within this organizational setting, and employees are trusted to do the work they were hired to do (Daft, 2016). The elimination of barriers is key to having a successful learning organization and usually leads to less formal reporting structures and more openness among all employees (Wen, 2014). I do believe a transnational model would work well for a huge global firm because according to Daft (2016), that is the exact intent of the model. The model contains the following characteristics specifically designed in achieving global business success. Assets and resources are dispersed worldwide, structures are constantly changing and are flexible, managers are responsible for proposing new strategies that will function for the entire global company, and coordination is achieved through corporate culture (Daft, 2016). How can/should a biblical worldview be applied? Business, whether local or global can be a tough industry to survive in. Changes are bound to occur and how an individual chooses to view those changes can be influential in the decisions made that can affect any organization either in a positive or negative way. I have always tried to pull strength from the Serenity Prayer in situations where tough decisions have to be made. “God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change; courage to change the things I can; and the wisdom to know the difference” (Reinhold Niebuhr).
  • 10. References Daft, R. L. (2016). Organization theory & design (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Downs, S. (2015). Active shooter in an educational facility. Journal of Emergency Management, 13(4), 303. Earley, S. (2014). The digital transformation: staying competitive. IT Professional, 16(2), 58-60. Finkle, T. A., & Mallin, M. L. (2010). Steve jobs and apple, inc. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 16(7), 31. Rorie, S. (2015). Implementing an active shooter training program. AORN Journal, 101(1), C5- C6. Wen, H. (2014). The nature, characteristics and ten strategies of learning organization. The International Journal of Educational Management, 28(3), 289-298. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1108/IJEM-04- 2013-0062