Since the theory of financial governance came into being in my country’s academic circles, scholars have systematically studied financial governance in terms of the connotation, system, subject, and object of financial governance on the basis of foreign research and based on my country’s financial practice. A relatively complete theory of financial governance. But in general, due to the short research time, the research perspective is not comprehensive enough, and the research needs to be further enriched and developed. Zhang Yue "Summary of Research on Financial Governance Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44982.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/44982/summary-of-research-on-financial-governance-theory/zhang-yue
Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building A Study of EU SRIP in Ana...YogeshIJTSRD
The study evaluated the role of bilateral institutions in capacity building with a focus on the European Union Support for Reforming Institutions Programme EU SRIP in Anambra State. The study examined relevance of EU SRIP goals, effect of EU SRIP on enhancement of civil servants competence in public finance management and challenges facing implementation of EU SRIP in Anambra State. Data were collected from 330 senior civil servants from two purposively selected ministries Ministries of Finance and Economic Planning and Budget. Mean, frequency counts and tables were used to present and describe collected data. Also hypotheses were tested through the application of t tests at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the goals of EU SRIP were in line with critical capacity building needs of Anambra State public finance management that EU SRIP had positive effect on the fiscal management competence enhancement of civil servants. The study therefore, recommends among others a simplification of operational procedures of EU SRIP to make it easier for government official at state and local governments to key in. Grace C. Madubuike | Prof. M. C. Muo "Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building: A Study of EU-SRIP in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44943.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/44943/role-of-bilateral-institutions-in-capacity-building-a-study-of-eusrip-in-anambra-state-nigeria/grace-c-madubuike
Effect of Corporate Governance on Profitability of Quoted Manufacturing Compa...YogeshIJTSRD
The study determined the extent corporate governance affect profitability of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria using board size, board independence, directors’ shares and profit margin of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Only secondary data was used for the successful execution of this research work. Three hypotheses were formulated for this study while data extracted through the financial statement was tested with the Regression statistical tool using the E view 9. The outcome of the analyses carried out showed that board size has negative but significant effect on net profit margin of manufacturing companies quoted on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. It is therefore recommended that board size should be relative to the firm’s business need, scope and complexity. Since no two firms are exactly alike in all ramifications, it is important that an appropriate size be understood to be a function of each firm’s circumstances. Setting arbitrary board size benchmarks will therefore be counterproductive. Okoye, Pius V. C. | Ugwu, Scholastica C. "Effect of Corporate Governance on Profitability of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44953.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/44953/effect-of-corporate-governance-on-profitability-of-quoted-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/okoye-pius-v-c
Functional Utility of Internal Quality Assurance Cells in NAAC Accredited Col...YogeshIJTSRD
It is a fact that development of higher education and development of a country are closely related. Any country that is developed today in the world is mainly for its quality higher education. Therefore quality assurance in higher education has been one of the major challenges in the development agenda not only in India but also all over the world. Dr. Susanta Kumar Giri "Functional Utility of Internal Quality Assurance Cells in NAAC Accredited Colleges: A Critical Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45005.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45005/functional-utility-of-internal-quality-assurance-cells-in-naac-accredited-colleges-a-critical-analysis/dr-susanta-kumar-giri
EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT PROFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREIGN COMMERC...AkashSharma618775
The study sought to examine Management Proficiency on financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya from period of 2013 to 2019.
Design/Methodology/Approach; The return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) were used as measure on
measure of financial performance measures on foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The descriptive, correlation
and panel regression analysis based on fixed effect model with help STATA.
The Results; It indicated that an R squared of 0.6956 was obtained that implies that 69.56 percent of the variations
in financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was accredited to capital adequacy, asset quality
and management efficiency. A p-value of 0.0000 further endorsed that the variables that were used namely: capital
adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency had significant effect predicting the financial performance of
foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The model had a constant value of 0.87 thus inferred that in the absence of
capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency, the value of financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya was 0.87.
Originality/value: The main study objective was to provide the empirical evidence on management proficiency on
financial performance on foreign commercial banks in Kenya and demanded literature gaps
Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Ba...AkashSharma618775
The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of audit committee features on the financial
performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen (13) banks were
used over 10 years making a total of 130 firm year observation. The independent variable was audit committee
size, while the dependent variable was DMB financial performance measured by return on capital employed
(ROCE). The study used an ex-post factor research approach to address the research questions and the nature of
the study data. The study used the panel fixed effect approach (and the estimates were obtained using E-views 9).
The results show that audit committee size does not significantly predict ROCE nor does audit committee financial
skill and frequency of audit committee meetings. None of the independent variables have significant predictive
power on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Thus, instead of DMBs focusing on expanding the
members of Audit committee, they should instead consider other things that can be done to have an effective audit
committee, such as gender, religion, region, ownership, etc that could possibly influence the performance of banks
in Nigeria.
Insider Trading in Capital Market A Legal PerspectiveYogeshIJTSRD
The term insider trading is popularly used in the negative sense as it is perceived that the persons having access to the price sensitive and unpublished information used the same for their personal gains. However insider trading per se does not mean any illegal conduct. It encompasses both legal as well as illegal conduct. Ms. Garima Dhaka Sangwan "Insider Trading in Capital Market: A Legal Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43877.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/43877/insider-trading-in-capital-market-a-legal-perspective/ms-garima-dhaka-sangwan
Influence of Management Committee on Performance of Cooperative Societies in ...YogeshIJTSRD
The lack of clear rules and efficient management characterized the administration of many cooperatives, thereby making their efforts less productive. This study examined the influence of management committees on the performance of cooperatives in tertiary institutions in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Survey design was adopted and a sample size of 312 was generated out of 1,412 population of the study. Questionnaire was the major instrument used in data collection. Data were presented and discussed using descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages while the hypothesis was tested using Regression Analysis at a 5 level. The outcome of the study suggested that the socio economic characteristic of committee members is critical to cooperative performance. In conclusion, therefore, the anticipated relations and path like effects of identified variables influence performance suggest opportunities to address issues that could retard cooperative performance. The study recommended among others that cooperatives should ensure that persons to be elected into committee membership should be driven, not by ambition or authority, but by the desire to be in service to the management committee, the cooperative, and the community. Usman, Usman Alhaji | Umebali E. E. "Influence of Management Committee on Performance of Cooperative Societies in Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43917.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/43917/influence-of-management-committee-on-performance-of-cooperative-societies-in-tertiary-institutions-in-kaduna-state-nigeria/usman-usman-alhaji
Abstract
Performance of firms either public or private sector largely depends on employees’ satisfaction hence their satisfaction need to be taken with utmost seriousness if firms’ immediate and strategic objectives must be attained. This study titled integrated personnel payroll and information system and employees’ satisfaction is carried out to examine the impact of integrated personnel payroll and information system on employees’ satisfaction. The research adopts research survey design and respondents were reached using a structured questionnaire. The population of the study is 1100 who are employees of the Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi state. The study adopts Godden sample size statistical formula which generated a sample size of 285. However, out of the total of 285 questionnaires distributed only 242 were duly completed and returned giving a retrieval rate of 85%. The data were analyzed using a five point’s likert scale and the analytical tool is linear regression analysis. The finding revealed that adoption of integrated personnel payroll and information system has serve as a veritable tool in enshrining accountability but has threatened employees’ satisfaction owing to its non-domestication to carter for the peculiarity of the Polytechnic sector. Thus, the study recommends that adoption of the payroll system be reviewed and all critical stakeholders be consulted so as to enhanced and sustained employees satisfaction.
Keywords: Personnel, payroll, employee, satisfaction.
Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building A Study of EU SRIP in Ana...YogeshIJTSRD
The study evaluated the role of bilateral institutions in capacity building with a focus on the European Union Support for Reforming Institutions Programme EU SRIP in Anambra State. The study examined relevance of EU SRIP goals, effect of EU SRIP on enhancement of civil servants competence in public finance management and challenges facing implementation of EU SRIP in Anambra State. Data were collected from 330 senior civil servants from two purposively selected ministries Ministries of Finance and Economic Planning and Budget. Mean, frequency counts and tables were used to present and describe collected data. Also hypotheses were tested through the application of t tests at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the goals of EU SRIP were in line with critical capacity building needs of Anambra State public finance management that EU SRIP had positive effect on the fiscal management competence enhancement of civil servants. The study therefore, recommends among others a simplification of operational procedures of EU SRIP to make it easier for government official at state and local governments to key in. Grace C. Madubuike | Prof. M. C. Muo "Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building: A Study of EU-SRIP in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44943.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/44943/role-of-bilateral-institutions-in-capacity-building-a-study-of-eusrip-in-anambra-state-nigeria/grace-c-madubuike
Effect of Corporate Governance on Profitability of Quoted Manufacturing Compa...YogeshIJTSRD
The study determined the extent corporate governance affect profitability of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria using board size, board independence, directors’ shares and profit margin of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Only secondary data was used for the successful execution of this research work. Three hypotheses were formulated for this study while data extracted through the financial statement was tested with the Regression statistical tool using the E view 9. The outcome of the analyses carried out showed that board size has negative but significant effect on net profit margin of manufacturing companies quoted on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. It is therefore recommended that board size should be relative to the firm’s business need, scope and complexity. Since no two firms are exactly alike in all ramifications, it is important that an appropriate size be understood to be a function of each firm’s circumstances. Setting arbitrary board size benchmarks will therefore be counterproductive. Okoye, Pius V. C. | Ugwu, Scholastica C. "Effect of Corporate Governance on Profitability of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44953.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/44953/effect-of-corporate-governance-on-profitability-of-quoted-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/okoye-pius-v-c
Functional Utility of Internal Quality Assurance Cells in NAAC Accredited Col...YogeshIJTSRD
It is a fact that development of higher education and development of a country are closely related. Any country that is developed today in the world is mainly for its quality higher education. Therefore quality assurance in higher education has been one of the major challenges in the development agenda not only in India but also all over the world. Dr. Susanta Kumar Giri "Functional Utility of Internal Quality Assurance Cells in NAAC Accredited Colleges: A Critical Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45005.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45005/functional-utility-of-internal-quality-assurance-cells-in-naac-accredited-colleges-a-critical-analysis/dr-susanta-kumar-giri
EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT PROFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREIGN COMMERC...AkashSharma618775
The study sought to examine Management Proficiency on financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya from period of 2013 to 2019.
Design/Methodology/Approach; The return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) were used as measure on
measure of financial performance measures on foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The descriptive, correlation
and panel regression analysis based on fixed effect model with help STATA.
The Results; It indicated that an R squared of 0.6956 was obtained that implies that 69.56 percent of the variations
in financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was accredited to capital adequacy, asset quality
and management efficiency. A p-value of 0.0000 further endorsed that the variables that were used namely: capital
adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency had significant effect predicting the financial performance of
foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The model had a constant value of 0.87 thus inferred that in the absence of
capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency, the value of financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya was 0.87.
Originality/value: The main study objective was to provide the empirical evidence on management proficiency on
financial performance on foreign commercial banks in Kenya and demanded literature gaps
Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Ba...AkashSharma618775
The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of audit committee features on the financial
performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen (13) banks were
used over 10 years making a total of 130 firm year observation. The independent variable was audit committee
size, while the dependent variable was DMB financial performance measured by return on capital employed
(ROCE). The study used an ex-post factor research approach to address the research questions and the nature of
the study data. The study used the panel fixed effect approach (and the estimates were obtained using E-views 9).
The results show that audit committee size does not significantly predict ROCE nor does audit committee financial
skill and frequency of audit committee meetings. None of the independent variables have significant predictive
power on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Thus, instead of DMBs focusing on expanding the
members of Audit committee, they should instead consider other things that can be done to have an effective audit
committee, such as gender, religion, region, ownership, etc that could possibly influence the performance of banks
in Nigeria.
Insider Trading in Capital Market A Legal PerspectiveYogeshIJTSRD
The term insider trading is popularly used in the negative sense as it is perceived that the persons having access to the price sensitive and unpublished information used the same for their personal gains. However insider trading per se does not mean any illegal conduct. It encompasses both legal as well as illegal conduct. Ms. Garima Dhaka Sangwan "Insider Trading in Capital Market: A Legal Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43877.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/43877/insider-trading-in-capital-market-a-legal-perspective/ms-garima-dhaka-sangwan
Influence of Management Committee on Performance of Cooperative Societies in ...YogeshIJTSRD
The lack of clear rules and efficient management characterized the administration of many cooperatives, thereby making their efforts less productive. This study examined the influence of management committees on the performance of cooperatives in tertiary institutions in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Survey design was adopted and a sample size of 312 was generated out of 1,412 population of the study. Questionnaire was the major instrument used in data collection. Data were presented and discussed using descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages while the hypothesis was tested using Regression Analysis at a 5 level. The outcome of the study suggested that the socio economic characteristic of committee members is critical to cooperative performance. In conclusion, therefore, the anticipated relations and path like effects of identified variables influence performance suggest opportunities to address issues that could retard cooperative performance. The study recommended among others that cooperatives should ensure that persons to be elected into committee membership should be driven, not by ambition or authority, but by the desire to be in service to the management committee, the cooperative, and the community. Usman, Usman Alhaji | Umebali E. E. "Influence of Management Committee on Performance of Cooperative Societies in Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43917.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/43917/influence-of-management-committee-on-performance-of-cooperative-societies-in-tertiary-institutions-in-kaduna-state-nigeria/usman-usman-alhaji
Abstract
Performance of firms either public or private sector largely depends on employees’ satisfaction hence their satisfaction need to be taken with utmost seriousness if firms’ immediate and strategic objectives must be attained. This study titled integrated personnel payroll and information system and employees’ satisfaction is carried out to examine the impact of integrated personnel payroll and information system on employees’ satisfaction. The research adopts research survey design and respondents were reached using a structured questionnaire. The population of the study is 1100 who are employees of the Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi state. The study adopts Godden sample size statistical formula which generated a sample size of 285. However, out of the total of 285 questionnaires distributed only 242 were duly completed and returned giving a retrieval rate of 85%. The data were analyzed using a five point’s likert scale and the analytical tool is linear regression analysis. The finding revealed that adoption of integrated personnel payroll and information system has serve as a veritable tool in enshrining accountability but has threatened employees’ satisfaction owing to its non-domestication to carter for the peculiarity of the Polytechnic sector. Thus, the study recommends that adoption of the payroll system be reviewed and all critical stakeholders be consulted so as to enhanced and sustained employees satisfaction.
Keywords: Personnel, payroll, employee, satisfaction.
Abstract
The specific objective of the study was to ascertain the extent to which knowledge transferability influences workers’ productivity in public hospitals in South-South Nigeria. The study employed a correlation design. A sample of 596 respondents were selected from twelve categorized public hospitals is South-South using Taro Yamani’s formula. 34 questions were formulated in the questionnaire in line with the stated objective of the study. A total of 596 copies of questionnaire were administered and 551 copies were collected showing 92 percent responses, 10 responses were rejected and 541 copies constituting 90 percent of the questionnaire was analyzed. The results showed that there is positive significant relationship between knowledge transferability and workers’ productivity in public hospitals in South-South Nigeria. The study concluded that the ability of the public hospitals to transfer knowledge to other health care units within the health sector will automatically enhance their productivity and performance in health care delivery in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that; organizations are required to reward managers or experts for providing adequate support necessary for encouraging knowledge sharing and transfer among employees. Knowledge management should be explicitly developed and designed appropriately on healthcare information system to facilitate the realization of the value position of healthcare organization in order to achieve the sustainable development goals of 2030 and vision 2020 on health related problems in the country. This will helps to ensure that knowledge management becomes their daily activities in the health sector.
Keywords: Knowledge, transferability, productivity, public hospitals, south-south
Abstract
The study examines the effect of corporate information on equity investors' decision making in listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The population comprises all the listed non-financial firms in Nigeria and a filtering sampling technique was used to arrive at forty-eight (48) sampled firms covering the periods of 2012 to 2019. The hypotheses were tested using the Robust Fixed effect (RE) regression model after conducting some diagnostics tests like Pearson correlation, Variance Inflator Factor, Heteroscedasticity and Hausman Specification. The results show that firm growth (FG) and firm size (FS) have a significant positive effect on market price of shares (MPS) of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria for the period under review. The study recommends among others, that the management of non-financial firms in Nigeria should put the growth level of their firms into consideration by ensuring a consistent increase in the value of their revenues yearly to attract more investments from the equity investors in the capital market. Their five-year growth rate should also be provided to all the stakeholders in their financial statements. Also, the non-financial firms should consolidate their firms to form a large capital base that would make them take advantage of large scale production to attract more equity investors to their firms in Nigeria.
Keywords: Corporate Information; Equity Investors; Decision Making; Non-Financial Firms
The family relationship and the place of people living with HIV virus in thei...AkashSharma618775
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still
one of the diseases causing serious consequences for people living with HIV and their families as well as
Vietnamese society. People living with HIV want to be eligible to develop and assert themselves in society, first of
all, they must have the family's support. The relationship between people living with HIV and their place in the
family is one of the important factors that support them in the process of social integration.
Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South Eastern Niger...YogeshIJTSRD
The performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria seem to be adversely affected as a result of poor entrepreneurial orientation, hence, the need to carry out this study to identify the extent of the relationship that exists between proactiveness and customers patronage of SMEs in South East, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study, with a target population of 35,535 SMEs in the study region. A sample of 396 respondents were selected through the application of Taro Yamane Formula. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, while the analysis of the collected data was handled using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypothesis was tested 5 level of significance. The Result revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between the proactiveness of SMEs and customer patronage r= 0.55 p value 0.05 . The study, therefore, concluded that entrepreneurial orientation is a key part of the survival strategies of SMEs as the proactiveness of the SMEs go a long way in building confidence in customers and retaining their patronage. Sequel to this, it was recommended among others, that the management of small businesses should build their anticipatory capacity to be able to take proactive steps to remedy situations to avoid devastating effects in the future. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Faith Chidi Onwuchekwa | Chike Kanayo Nwosu "Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43930.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43930/performance-implication-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-in-southeastern-nigeria-a-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-perspective/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterpr...YogeshIJTSRD
Ineffective and poor entrepreneurial orientation seems to adversely affect performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria. Thus, the study was designed to examine relationship that exists between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of the study comprised of 35,535 SMEs in South East Nigeria with a sample of 396 respondents, arrived at using Taro Yamane Formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using, frequency, percentage and mean. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 5 level of significance. Results indicated that there exist a strong positive relationship between strategic orientation and market expansion of SMEs r=0.76, p value 0.05 and that there exist a strong positive relationship between market orientation and market sustainability of SMEs business activities r=0.83, p value 0.05 The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation has positive impact on the performance of SMEs in South East Nigeria and recommended among others that SMEs need to embrace entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and market orientation, to improve business performance. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Michael Augustine Ikon "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43904/entrepreneurial-orientation-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non Big 4 Audited Firms in ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study compare financial reporting quality of Big 4 audited and non Big 4 audited firms in Nigeria. Specifically, compares the abnormal operating cash flow quality, and abnormal production expenditure quality, and unexpected core earnings of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. The study adopts the ex post facto research design as the goal is not manipulate any variable but rather establish comparative difference. The population comprised of quoted manufacturing firms and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of 62 firms from 6 sectors listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . The study utilized secondary data retrieved from annual financial statements of the sampled firms. The data were analyzed using several techniques such as multiple regression, and correlation. The results showed a statistically significant difference in abnormal operating cash flow quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms a statistically significant difference in abnormal production expenditure quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. Based on this, the study recommends that shareholders during Annual General Meeting AGM may also seek the adoption of joint auditors to strengthen audit quality and cushion against shocks from manipulative practices of managers or the lack of independence from continued engagement of particular audit firms. Anazonwu, Helen O. | Egbunike, Patrick A. "Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non-Big 4 Audited Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43847.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/43847/effect-of-abnormal-cash-flow-quality-on-big-4-and-nonbig-4-audited-firms-in-nigeria/anazonwu-helen-o
ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN OFFERING LEGAL S...AkashSharma618775
The study was focus on the employees training programs provided to enhance the offering of legal
services and employee’s appraisal system encountered in offering legal services in Kilimanjaro courts.
Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from Kilimanjaro courts. A cross-sectional survey research
design was used in this study. Data were collected from 136 employees of Kilimanjaro courts using simple
randomly sampling. Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze significance between variable. Results of the
study indicate that majority of participants agree that training have contribution in offering legal service. Results
shows that employee training have impact in offering legal services in the study area. At the same time,
respondents agree that appraisal system for staff have more contribution in the overall organizational value. It’s
concluded that employee training and appraisal system have a significant relationship with employee performance
in offering legal services. It is recommended that, more training should be done to upgrade employee in the court
system of Tanzania, but also the feedback for the appraisal should be given to staff as early as possible when the
process is over. This will help staff to make much more efforts in areas where they have not scored higher grades
for their career development.
Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises SME...YogeshIJTSRD
The contribution of small and medium enterprises SMEs is very critical to the growth and development of a developing region like South South Nigeria. The objective of this study is to access the relationship that exists between capacity management and survival of small and medium enterprises SMEs in South South Nigeria. Survey method was used for this study while random sampling technique was adopted. Paired T test and Cronbach Alpha via statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 22 were used to analyse the data. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire as the primary research instrument. Findings showed that inventory level, level of employee skills and number of employees were significantly related with SMEs’ survival at 5 significantly level. In view of the above findings, this study concluded that effective capacity management is the fulcrum on which survival of SMEs revolves. The study therefore recommends among others that SMEs should give more serious attention to capacity management strategies in a bid to enhancing the survival of SMEs in South South Nigeria Musah Ishaq | Momoh Imonikhe Suleman "Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South-South Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43933.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/43933/capacity-management-and-survival-of-selected-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-southsouth-nigeria/musah-ishaq
Effect of Cooperative Membership on Needs Satisfaction among Staff of Tertiar...YogeshIJTSRD
With the growing recognition of cooperatives as a vibrant and viable economic alternative to alleviate hardship, it does appear that members’ needs satisfaction is yet to be met. This study, therefore, examined the effect of cooperative membership on needs satisfaction among staff of tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. The population of study and sample size which was generated using the Taro Yamane formula was 6,647 and 377 cooperative members respectively. A multi stage sampling technique was used in selecting study participants. Data were sourced from a primary source. The generated data were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. The findings revealed that 93 of the variation in physical needs of members is caused by the length of cooperative membership and frequency of cooperative patronage at a 5 level of significance. This study concluded that the length of cooperative membership and frequency of patronage enhances the actualization of the physical needs of members. Therefore, it was recommended among others that the cooperative societies should continue to strive in ensuring that members’ needs are reasonably met. In doing this, the cooperatives should possibly adopt a scale of preference approach in tackling members need. Enemuo Nnanyelugo Chukwubikem | Nwankwo Frank "Effect of Cooperative Membership on Needs Satisfaction among Staff of Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43918.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43918/effect-of-cooperative-membership-on-needs-satisfaction-among-staff-of-tertiary-institutions-in-anambra-state-nigeria/enemuo-nnanyelugo-chukwubikem
Influence of Cooperative Credit on Cassava Production in Anambra State, NigeriaYogeshIJTSRD
The study analyzed the influence of cooperative credit on cassava production. A multi stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents in the study area and structured questionnaire was administered for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the socio economic characteristics of the respondents while multiple regressions using exponential form was used to quantitatively determine the influence of credit obtained and utilized on cassava output. It showed that 36.7 of the respondents were above 60 years of age which can be grouped as aged this revealed that majority of the farmers there are within their prime age and can utilize credit obtained effectively and efficiently. 76.7 of these farmers were males while the remaining 23.3 were females, majority of the respondents were married and 84.2 of them had formal education. Average amount requested by the farmers was N212, 600,000 but N185, 725,000 was approved this shows that the farmers in that location are small scale farmers which they need to upgrade to large scale in order to produce in large quantity and have durable profit. Influence of credit on cassava output showed that 89.7 of the regression was explained by the regessors. The result revealed that the farming experience with credit use, interest rate charged, total expenditure on production, and loan repayment period were the major significant that influence cassava output. Also, the hypothesis results revealed that credit obtained and utilized had significance influence on cassava output. And concluded that cassava production in the study area is worthwhile embarking on and that credit enhances the farmer’s production, which was reflected in their cassava output. Therefore recommended that credit institutions or lending agencies should lend money to the small scale farmers to improve their productivity, financial institutions in the country should see to the smooth spending of the credit received to avoid diversion of credit. Nwafor, Grace Obiageli | Umebali, Emmanuel E. "Influence of Cooperative Credit on Cassava Production in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43931.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/43931/influence-of-cooperative-credit-on-cassava-production-in-anambra-state-nigeria/nwafor-grace-obiageli
Corporate governance is of great importance for financial performance. Corporate governance issues have attracted public interest in the financial sector both locally and internationally after waves of corporate rip-offs and failures that almost led to loss of confidence in the finance sector. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 65 active Savings and credit Co-operatives operating in Embu County. A sample size of 57 Savings and Credit Co-operatives was used in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from financial statements and periodicals using a record survey sheet. Pre-testing of research tool was conducted before the actual data collection was carried, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by use of a Cronbach‘s alpha, statistical coefficient, while the validity was tested to ensure that the questions in the questionnaire provides adequate coverage to the investigative questions. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicated that corporate governance positively affected the financial performance. In specific the board composition and corporate risk management for SACCOs had a positive effect on the financial performances of the SACCOs. The study is beneficial to SACCOs management in improving the performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives and enabling them to compete globally. The study recommends gender parity consideration and balanced mix of skilled board members during appointments of the board members. The recommendations are important to the government, especially the department of cooperatives in strengthening policies regarding cooperative societies.
Stressed Assets Effect on Post Merger Scheduled Commercial Banks in Indiaijtsrd
The global banking reform agenda made further progress in 2017 '18, the Reserve Bank of India ushered in a revised framework with the insolvency and bankruptcy code as the focal point in pursuit of declogging of bank's balance sheets from overhang of stressed assets. Going forward, issues such as recapitalization, improvement in banks' corporate governance, implementation of Ind AS and containment of cybersecurity risks may assume prominence. Indian banks will continue to face deterioration in their non performing assets NPAs or bad loans due to the current economic conditions in the current fiscal year 2019 20 . The gross non performing assets GNPAs plus restructured standard advances in the banking system remained elevated at 12.1 percent of gross advances at end March 2018. Going forward, the stress tests carried out by the Reserve Bank suggest that under the baseline assumption of the current economic situation prevailing, the GNPA ratio of scheduled commercial banks SCBs may increase further in 2018 19."" The aggregate gross NPAs of SCBs increased primarily as a result of this transparent recognition of stressed assets as NPAs, from Rs 3,23,464 Crore, as on March 31, 2015, to Rs 10,35,528 crore, as on March 31, 2018. Dr. S. Gautami | Dr. Nalla Bala Kalyan ""Stressed Assets Effect on Post Merger Scheduled Commercial Banks in India"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30234.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/equality-diversity-and-inclusion/30234/stressed-assets-effect-on-post-merger-scheduled-commercial-banks-in-india/dr-s-gautami
Corporate Governance is defined as the set of processes, rules and laws that have been put in place in businesses to assist in the operations, in regulating, and affect the way businesses are directed in order to enhance accountability. The management is responsible to promote good corporate governance by setting structures that are beneficial to all the stakeholders, (management, shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and the government among others). The internal audit department has a role to play in assisting the board of governors in promoting corporate governance. The board of governors together with the risk management committee should monitor and frequently review the effectiveness of the internal audit function as regards to corporate governance (KPMG, 2003). They should ensure that the internal audit department is well resourced and has a high level of independence. There should be quick responses to the internal audit recommendations.
The main aim of this study was to examine the Influence of Management Accounting Practices on Performance of Kisumu County Government. The study aimed specifically to examine how the performance of Kisumu County Government is influenced by financial planning and budgeting and internal control and public finances governance. One of the objects of a transfer is to bring economic resources closer to the people, and effective public financial management practices are needed to make this felt by the people. The reviewed literature shows that limited studies are being conducted on the same subject and therefore this study aims to fill the gap by contributing to the existing knowledge. In the past six years, Kenya has experienced many challenges despite the improvement of the legislative and institutional frameworks for the management of public finances which are not in line with the global expected standard practice and therefore lead to a poorer service delivery. This study also aims to strengthen policies that streamline prudent public resource management. The study was based on participatory theory, contingency theory and institutional theory. The study employed mixed research and a deliberate technique for sampling. The county's director and accountants from the treasury of Kisumu County were among the respondents. In the case of primary data, a questionnaire was used to collect secondary data from the Budget Office, the Office of the Auditor General and the County Treasury Office. In the study qualitative and quantitative data were used. While content analyzes were used for qualitative data analysis, the Social Science Statistics Package Version 25 was used for quantitative data analyzing descriptive and inferential statistics. The effect of management accounting practices on the Kisumu County Government's performance has been assessed by a multiple linear regression analysis. The main finding was the importance of internal control practices involving monitoring, control environments, and internal audits (F (1, 196) = 156,124).
India continues to witness strong economic growth that is aided by major economic reforms and transformation that country has witnessed in the past years. It is a well-accepted fact that major long-term and sustainable economic growth happens on the back of robust human resources capabilities that requires a strong education system. The Indian Higher Education sector is expected to play an even more important role to meet the growth aspirations of the country. The Indian education sector with around 800 universities will play a pivotal role in providing workforce and developing our leaders of the future.
Abstract
The specific objective of the study was to ascertain the extent to which knowledge transferability influences workers’ productivity in public hospitals in South-South Nigeria. The study employed a correlation design. A sample of 596 respondents were selected from twelve categorized public hospitals is South-South using Taro Yamani’s formula. 34 questions were formulated in the questionnaire in line with the stated objective of the study. A total of 596 copies of questionnaire were administered and 551 copies were collected showing 92 percent responses, 10 responses were rejected and 541 copies constituting 90 percent of the questionnaire was analyzed. The results showed that there is positive significant relationship between knowledge transferability and workers’ productivity in public hospitals in South-South Nigeria. The study concluded that the ability of the public hospitals to transfer knowledge to other health care units within the health sector will automatically enhance their productivity and performance in health care delivery in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that; organizations are required to reward managers or experts for providing adequate support necessary for encouraging knowledge sharing and transfer among employees. Knowledge management should be explicitly developed and designed appropriately on healthcare information system to facilitate the realization of the value position of healthcare organization in order to achieve the sustainable development goals of 2030 and vision 2020 on health related problems in the country. This will helps to ensure that knowledge management becomes their daily activities in the health sector.
Keywords: Knowledge, transferability, productivity, public hospitals, south-south
Abstract
The study examines the effect of corporate information on equity investors' decision making in listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The population comprises all the listed non-financial firms in Nigeria and a filtering sampling technique was used to arrive at forty-eight (48) sampled firms covering the periods of 2012 to 2019. The hypotheses were tested using the Robust Fixed effect (RE) regression model after conducting some diagnostics tests like Pearson correlation, Variance Inflator Factor, Heteroscedasticity and Hausman Specification. The results show that firm growth (FG) and firm size (FS) have a significant positive effect on market price of shares (MPS) of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria for the period under review. The study recommends among others, that the management of non-financial firms in Nigeria should put the growth level of their firms into consideration by ensuring a consistent increase in the value of their revenues yearly to attract more investments from the equity investors in the capital market. Their five-year growth rate should also be provided to all the stakeholders in their financial statements. Also, the non-financial firms should consolidate their firms to form a large capital base that would make them take advantage of large scale production to attract more equity investors to their firms in Nigeria.
Keywords: Corporate Information; Equity Investors; Decision Making; Non-Financial Firms
The family relationship and the place of people living with HIV virus in thei...AkashSharma618775
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still
one of the diseases causing serious consequences for people living with HIV and their families as well as
Vietnamese society. People living with HIV want to be eligible to develop and assert themselves in society, first of
all, they must have the family's support. The relationship between people living with HIV and their place in the
family is one of the important factors that support them in the process of social integration.
Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South Eastern Niger...YogeshIJTSRD
The performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria seem to be adversely affected as a result of poor entrepreneurial orientation, hence, the need to carry out this study to identify the extent of the relationship that exists between proactiveness and customers patronage of SMEs in South East, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study, with a target population of 35,535 SMEs in the study region. A sample of 396 respondents were selected through the application of Taro Yamane Formula. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, while the analysis of the collected data was handled using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypothesis was tested 5 level of significance. The Result revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between the proactiveness of SMEs and customer patronage r= 0.55 p value 0.05 . The study, therefore, concluded that entrepreneurial orientation is a key part of the survival strategies of SMEs as the proactiveness of the SMEs go a long way in building confidence in customers and retaining their patronage. Sequel to this, it was recommended among others, that the management of small businesses should build their anticipatory capacity to be able to take proactive steps to remedy situations to avoid devastating effects in the future. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Faith Chidi Onwuchekwa | Chike Kanayo Nwosu "Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43930.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43930/performance-implication-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-in-southeastern-nigeria-a-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-perspective/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterpr...YogeshIJTSRD
Ineffective and poor entrepreneurial orientation seems to adversely affect performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria. Thus, the study was designed to examine relationship that exists between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of the study comprised of 35,535 SMEs in South East Nigeria with a sample of 396 respondents, arrived at using Taro Yamane Formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using, frequency, percentage and mean. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 5 level of significance. Results indicated that there exist a strong positive relationship between strategic orientation and market expansion of SMEs r=0.76, p value 0.05 and that there exist a strong positive relationship between market orientation and market sustainability of SMEs business activities r=0.83, p value 0.05 The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation has positive impact on the performance of SMEs in South East Nigeria and recommended among others that SMEs need to embrace entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and market orientation, to improve business performance. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Michael Augustine Ikon "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43904/entrepreneurial-orientation-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non Big 4 Audited Firms in ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study compare financial reporting quality of Big 4 audited and non Big 4 audited firms in Nigeria. Specifically, compares the abnormal operating cash flow quality, and abnormal production expenditure quality, and unexpected core earnings of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. The study adopts the ex post facto research design as the goal is not manipulate any variable but rather establish comparative difference. The population comprised of quoted manufacturing firms and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of 62 firms from 6 sectors listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . The study utilized secondary data retrieved from annual financial statements of the sampled firms. The data were analyzed using several techniques such as multiple regression, and correlation. The results showed a statistically significant difference in abnormal operating cash flow quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms a statistically significant difference in abnormal production expenditure quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. Based on this, the study recommends that shareholders during Annual General Meeting AGM may also seek the adoption of joint auditors to strengthen audit quality and cushion against shocks from manipulative practices of managers or the lack of independence from continued engagement of particular audit firms. Anazonwu, Helen O. | Egbunike, Patrick A. "Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non-Big 4 Audited Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43847.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/43847/effect-of-abnormal-cash-flow-quality-on-big-4-and-nonbig-4-audited-firms-in-nigeria/anazonwu-helen-o
ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN OFFERING LEGAL S...AkashSharma618775
The study was focus on the employees training programs provided to enhance the offering of legal
services and employee’s appraisal system encountered in offering legal services in Kilimanjaro courts.
Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from Kilimanjaro courts. A cross-sectional survey research
design was used in this study. Data were collected from 136 employees of Kilimanjaro courts using simple
randomly sampling. Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze significance between variable. Results of the
study indicate that majority of participants agree that training have contribution in offering legal service. Results
shows that employee training have impact in offering legal services in the study area. At the same time,
respondents agree that appraisal system for staff have more contribution in the overall organizational value. It’s
concluded that employee training and appraisal system have a significant relationship with employee performance
in offering legal services. It is recommended that, more training should be done to upgrade employee in the court
system of Tanzania, but also the feedback for the appraisal should be given to staff as early as possible when the
process is over. This will help staff to make much more efforts in areas where they have not scored higher grades
for their career development.
Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises SME...YogeshIJTSRD
The contribution of small and medium enterprises SMEs is very critical to the growth and development of a developing region like South South Nigeria. The objective of this study is to access the relationship that exists between capacity management and survival of small and medium enterprises SMEs in South South Nigeria. Survey method was used for this study while random sampling technique was adopted. Paired T test and Cronbach Alpha via statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 22 were used to analyse the data. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire as the primary research instrument. Findings showed that inventory level, level of employee skills and number of employees were significantly related with SMEs’ survival at 5 significantly level. In view of the above findings, this study concluded that effective capacity management is the fulcrum on which survival of SMEs revolves. The study therefore recommends among others that SMEs should give more serious attention to capacity management strategies in a bid to enhancing the survival of SMEs in South South Nigeria Musah Ishaq | Momoh Imonikhe Suleman "Capacity Management and Survival of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South-South Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43933.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/43933/capacity-management-and-survival-of-selected-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-southsouth-nigeria/musah-ishaq
Effect of Cooperative Membership on Needs Satisfaction among Staff of Tertiar...YogeshIJTSRD
With the growing recognition of cooperatives as a vibrant and viable economic alternative to alleviate hardship, it does appear that members’ needs satisfaction is yet to be met. This study, therefore, examined the effect of cooperative membership on needs satisfaction among staff of tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. The population of study and sample size which was generated using the Taro Yamane formula was 6,647 and 377 cooperative members respectively. A multi stage sampling technique was used in selecting study participants. Data were sourced from a primary source. The generated data were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. The findings revealed that 93 of the variation in physical needs of members is caused by the length of cooperative membership and frequency of cooperative patronage at a 5 level of significance. This study concluded that the length of cooperative membership and frequency of patronage enhances the actualization of the physical needs of members. Therefore, it was recommended among others that the cooperative societies should continue to strive in ensuring that members’ needs are reasonably met. In doing this, the cooperatives should possibly adopt a scale of preference approach in tackling members need. Enemuo Nnanyelugo Chukwubikem | Nwankwo Frank "Effect of Cooperative Membership on Needs Satisfaction among Staff of Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43918.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43918/effect-of-cooperative-membership-on-needs-satisfaction-among-staff-of-tertiary-institutions-in-anambra-state-nigeria/enemuo-nnanyelugo-chukwubikem
Influence of Cooperative Credit on Cassava Production in Anambra State, NigeriaYogeshIJTSRD
The study analyzed the influence of cooperative credit on cassava production. A multi stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents in the study area and structured questionnaire was administered for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the socio economic characteristics of the respondents while multiple regressions using exponential form was used to quantitatively determine the influence of credit obtained and utilized on cassava output. It showed that 36.7 of the respondents were above 60 years of age which can be grouped as aged this revealed that majority of the farmers there are within their prime age and can utilize credit obtained effectively and efficiently. 76.7 of these farmers were males while the remaining 23.3 were females, majority of the respondents were married and 84.2 of them had formal education. Average amount requested by the farmers was N212, 600,000 but N185, 725,000 was approved this shows that the farmers in that location are small scale farmers which they need to upgrade to large scale in order to produce in large quantity and have durable profit. Influence of credit on cassava output showed that 89.7 of the regression was explained by the regessors. The result revealed that the farming experience with credit use, interest rate charged, total expenditure on production, and loan repayment period were the major significant that influence cassava output. Also, the hypothesis results revealed that credit obtained and utilized had significance influence on cassava output. And concluded that cassava production in the study area is worthwhile embarking on and that credit enhances the farmer’s production, which was reflected in their cassava output. Therefore recommended that credit institutions or lending agencies should lend money to the small scale farmers to improve their productivity, financial institutions in the country should see to the smooth spending of the credit received to avoid diversion of credit. Nwafor, Grace Obiageli | Umebali, Emmanuel E. "Influence of Cooperative Credit on Cassava Production in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43931.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/43931/influence-of-cooperative-credit-on-cassava-production-in-anambra-state-nigeria/nwafor-grace-obiageli
Corporate governance is of great importance for financial performance. Corporate governance issues have attracted public interest in the financial sector both locally and internationally after waves of corporate rip-offs and failures that almost led to loss of confidence in the finance sector. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 65 active Savings and credit Co-operatives operating in Embu County. A sample size of 57 Savings and Credit Co-operatives was used in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from financial statements and periodicals using a record survey sheet. Pre-testing of research tool was conducted before the actual data collection was carried, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by use of a Cronbach‘s alpha, statistical coefficient, while the validity was tested to ensure that the questions in the questionnaire provides adequate coverage to the investigative questions. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicated that corporate governance positively affected the financial performance. In specific the board composition and corporate risk management for SACCOs had a positive effect on the financial performances of the SACCOs. The study is beneficial to SACCOs management in improving the performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives and enabling them to compete globally. The study recommends gender parity consideration and balanced mix of skilled board members during appointments of the board members. The recommendations are important to the government, especially the department of cooperatives in strengthening policies regarding cooperative societies.
Stressed Assets Effect on Post Merger Scheduled Commercial Banks in Indiaijtsrd
The global banking reform agenda made further progress in 2017 '18, the Reserve Bank of India ushered in a revised framework with the insolvency and bankruptcy code as the focal point in pursuit of declogging of bank's balance sheets from overhang of stressed assets. Going forward, issues such as recapitalization, improvement in banks' corporate governance, implementation of Ind AS and containment of cybersecurity risks may assume prominence. Indian banks will continue to face deterioration in their non performing assets NPAs or bad loans due to the current economic conditions in the current fiscal year 2019 20 . The gross non performing assets GNPAs plus restructured standard advances in the banking system remained elevated at 12.1 percent of gross advances at end March 2018. Going forward, the stress tests carried out by the Reserve Bank suggest that under the baseline assumption of the current economic situation prevailing, the GNPA ratio of scheduled commercial banks SCBs may increase further in 2018 19."" The aggregate gross NPAs of SCBs increased primarily as a result of this transparent recognition of stressed assets as NPAs, from Rs 3,23,464 Crore, as on March 31, 2015, to Rs 10,35,528 crore, as on March 31, 2018. Dr. S. Gautami | Dr. Nalla Bala Kalyan ""Stressed Assets Effect on Post Merger Scheduled Commercial Banks in India"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30234.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/equality-diversity-and-inclusion/30234/stressed-assets-effect-on-post-merger-scheduled-commercial-banks-in-india/dr-s-gautami
Corporate Governance is defined as the set of processes, rules and laws that have been put in place in businesses to assist in the operations, in regulating, and affect the way businesses are directed in order to enhance accountability. The management is responsible to promote good corporate governance by setting structures that are beneficial to all the stakeholders, (management, shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and the government among others). The internal audit department has a role to play in assisting the board of governors in promoting corporate governance. The board of governors together with the risk management committee should monitor and frequently review the effectiveness of the internal audit function as regards to corporate governance (KPMG, 2003). They should ensure that the internal audit department is well resourced and has a high level of independence. There should be quick responses to the internal audit recommendations.
The main aim of this study was to examine the Influence of Management Accounting Practices on Performance of Kisumu County Government. The study aimed specifically to examine how the performance of Kisumu County Government is influenced by financial planning and budgeting and internal control and public finances governance. One of the objects of a transfer is to bring economic resources closer to the people, and effective public financial management practices are needed to make this felt by the people. The reviewed literature shows that limited studies are being conducted on the same subject and therefore this study aims to fill the gap by contributing to the existing knowledge. In the past six years, Kenya has experienced many challenges despite the improvement of the legislative and institutional frameworks for the management of public finances which are not in line with the global expected standard practice and therefore lead to a poorer service delivery. This study also aims to strengthen policies that streamline prudent public resource management. The study was based on participatory theory, contingency theory and institutional theory. The study employed mixed research and a deliberate technique for sampling. The county's director and accountants from the treasury of Kisumu County were among the respondents. In the case of primary data, a questionnaire was used to collect secondary data from the Budget Office, the Office of the Auditor General and the County Treasury Office. In the study qualitative and quantitative data were used. While content analyzes were used for qualitative data analysis, the Social Science Statistics Package Version 25 was used for quantitative data analyzing descriptive and inferential statistics. The effect of management accounting practices on the Kisumu County Government's performance has been assessed by a multiple linear regression analysis. The main finding was the importance of internal control practices involving monitoring, control environments, and internal audits (F (1, 196) = 156,124).
India continues to witness strong economic growth that is aided by major economic reforms and transformation that country has witnessed in the past years. It is a well-accepted fact that major long-term and sustainable economic growth happens on the back of robust human resources capabilities that requires a strong education system. The Indian Higher Education sector is expected to play an even more important role to meet the growth aspirations of the country. The Indian education sector with around 800 universities will play a pivotal role in providing workforce and developing our leaders of the future.
An Empirical Analysis on the Nature of Relationship between Capital Structure...iosrjce
The financing decision with regard to capital structure theory of finance has been a topic of many
theories and their conflicting output for past many years. This paper aims to analyse the nature of relationship
between the capital structure of a firm and its performance. The data of 40 firms excluding financial services
firms listed on Nifty indices on National Stock Exchange is studied (The composition of 50 firms on Nifty
represents a well branch out index reflecting precisely the overall market conditions). Financial services firms
have been excluded from purview of this paper, as they are in the business of collecting money and investing in
financial assets rather than producing goods, hence follow a unique business valuation model. Further financial
services sector being one of the most sensitive sectors. This paper analyzes a period of 13 years (2001-2014)
covering the phases of a business cycle starting from boom (2001/02-2006/07), recession (2007/08-2008/09)
and then recovery (2009/10-2013/14). The complete business cycle will aid to demonstrate the results more
accurately. This paper also surveys the topical developments in the empirical capital structure research. The
data for a period of 13 years is analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression
techniques. For research purpose, the ratios such as debt-equity ratio, debt-asset ratio and long term debt are
taken as independent variables whereas Net Profit, Net Profit Margin, ROCE, ROE and ROA are the ratios
taken as dependent variables.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The following report by the Credit Suisse
Research Institute explores several important
aspects of the connection between sound governance
and improved business performance. It provides
new data to support the growing investor
interest in governance-related rules and practices
and introduces innovative ways to assess corporate
performance, such as the HOLT governance scorecard,
to support more effective governance-oriented
decision making. Moreover, our experts identify specific
company types and sectors, in which governance
can serve as a particularly robust investment
strategy instrument. Corporate governance is further
likely to contribute to investment decisions in
emerging economies, for instance when firm-level
structures actively compensate for the possible
absence of country-level governance provisions.
A Comparative Analysis of Capital Structure between Banking and Non-Banking F...iosrjce
This research aims to compare the capital structure of Bangladeshi banking and non-banking
financial institutions through some measurements. The annual financial statements of 10 commercial banks and
10 non-bank financial institutions were used for this study which covers a period of five (5) years from 2009-
2013. The study assesses the capital structure of the banking and non-banking sectors measured by total debt
to equity ratio (DER), total debt to total funds ratio and performance by ROE, ROA, EPS.Descriptive statistics,
t-test have been used to show the differences between banking and non-banking capital structure and
performance. However this study concludes that there is no significant difference between Bank and non-bank’s
EPS but there is a significant difference between Bank and non-bank’s D/A ratio and D/E ratio and ROA and
ROE.
Corporate Governance of Capital Market of BangladeshIOSR Journals
This paper outlines the conceptual, contextual and disciplinary scope of the rapidly evolving area of corporate governance of capital market of Bangladesh. As a basis for improving the rigor of research and analysis, some definitions, principles, theories and legal frame work of corporate governance are examined. This study also investigates the extent to which the capital market of Bangladesh comply with the corporate governance guidelines of Securities and Exchange Commission Bangladesh(SECB) and it also indicates that only sound corporate governance practices are the foundation upon which the trust of investors(stakeholders, banks, and non bank financial institutions) and other stakeholders is founded.
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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debt and equity financing is not only reflected in
financing instruments. Functionally, it is also
reflected in the governance structure. The article
explains that the choice of a company's financing
method is affected by transaction costs, and mainly
depends on the characteristics of the assets. This
article lays a theoretical foundation for further
comprehensive research on corporate finance and
governance issues. In addition, Jensen and Meckling
(1976) proposed the agency theory of capital
structure, and established an agency cost model that
emphasizes the relationship between capital structure
and operator behavior from the perspective of
corporate governance. They considered that the
interests of the company’s managers and external
shareholders are inconsistent. At the time, the
question of how external shares operate. Agency costs
arise because the manager is not the complete owner
of the company. Different financing contracts are
linked to different agency costs. The choice of
financing structure is to minimize agency costs. It is
concluded that the company's capital structure is
optimal when the marginal agency cost of equity is
equal to the marginal agency cost of debt. Since then,
capital structure theories such as the signal
transmission model of Ross, the guarantee model of
Grossman&Hart, the control model of
Aghion&Bolton, and the debt mitigation model of
Harris and Raviv have been gradually established.
Grossman and Hart established a formal agency
model to analyze how debt financing eases the
conflict between managers and shareholders. They
view debt as a guarantee mechanism that can prompt
managers to make better investment decisions. Such
an appropriate increase in debt can reduce agency
costs due to the separation of ownership and control.
In the research of corporate governance theory, in
1992, the British Cadbury Committee published
"Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance", which
made corporate governance a hot topic. After the
Asian financial crisis, due to the financial scandals of
companies such as Enron and Arthur Andersen in the
United States, corporate governance has become a hot
topic of public concern, and this has triggered a new
round of corporate governance practices in the United
States, thereby affecting corporate governance
worldwide. To have a positive impact and make
corporate governance a worldwide research and
practice topic, this article emphasizes the importance
of finance in corporate governance. The report
emphasizes the control and reporting functions of the
board of directors and the role of auditors, especially
focusing on the company's internal financial control
and risk management issues, which have a profound
impact on the company's financial governance theory.
Rahman believes that a series of financial financing
and supervision activities originated from simple
concepts such as corporate governance and
incomplete contracts. Dionne &Triki believes that
although it may not be necessary to maintain a
majority of independent directors on the board of
directors and to equip the audit committee with
directors with accounting education background, it is
necessary for shareholders to restrict the size and
independence of the audit committee. Cornett,
Marcus &Tehranian believe that corporate
governance mechanisms play an important role in
limiting earnings management.
The above-mentioned research in the western
academic circles provided the germination of ideas
for the emergence of financial governance theory.
However, because the research paradigm of the
western theoretical circle pays more attention to
empirical research and does not pay enough attention
to independent research in the field of financial
governance, it has not clearly put forward the concept
of "financial governance", nor has it established a
theoretical system of financial governance.
Research on domestic financial governance theory
A. Research on the connotation of financial
governance
Domestic scholars have studied the connotation of
financial governance earlier. Feng Qiaogen, Song
Xianzhong, Li Xinhe, Wu Zhongxin, and Yang Shue
have defined financial governance from the
perspectives of contract economics, corporate
governance, and rights allocation. However, scholars
have not really given the exact concept of financial
governance. Many scholars have summarized a
variety of financial governance concepts based on
different focuses. For example, Wu Zhongxin (2001)
believes that the financial governance structure is a
set of institutional arrangements, with financial rights
as the basic link, and gradually establish the position
and role of shareholders, board of directors,
managers, and corporate financial personnel in the
flow and division of financial power, which reflect
the respective positions and roles of shareholders,
board of directors, managers, and corporate financial
personnel. The relationship of mutual restraint and
mutual checks and balances between the main bodies
in terms of financial power. Lin Zhonggao (2003)
believes that financial governance is a series of
institutional arrangements and structural network of
relationships between stakeholders. Its fundamental
purpose is to achieve a balance of rights,
responsibilities and interests among stakeholders
through such institutional arrangements. Realize the
reasonable unity of efficiency and fairness. Yang
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Shue (2006) comprehensively reviewed the previous
research on the connotation of financial governance,
dividing different views on the definition of financial
governance into a contract system view, an
information view, a subsystem view, a view of the
allocation of financial rights, and a two-level view.
The many different understandings of scholars on the
concept of financial governance can be summarized
into two categories: one is the structural category. It is
believed that financial governance is the financial
governance structure, and the financial governance
structure is an important part of the corporate
governance structure. It is an institutional
arrangement whose content is basically the same as
the corporate governance structure; the other is the
mechanism type. It is believed that financial
governance is a mechanism for the arrangement of
corporate financial power, and through this financial
power mechanism, the internal financial incentive and
restraint mechanism of the enterprise can be realized.
However, these views still have some shortcomings.
Many scholars put financial governance under the
framework of corporate governance in their research,
and refer to the concept of corporate governance to
roughly define financial governance; in particular,
they equate "financial governance" with "financial
governance structure". "Or "financial governance
mechanism" is not clearly defined conceptually.
B. Research on the subject and object of
financial governance
Regarding the subject of financial governance,
scholars have the following different views. Zhang
Dunli (2002) believes that the subject of financial
governance is who participates in financial
governance. This view starts from the core position of
financial governance in corporate governance, but
equates financial governance subjects with
stakeholders, making financial governance subjects
too broad; Lin Zhonggao (2003) believes that
financial governance actors refer to specific Natural
persons and legal persons who have financial rights
and participate in financial governance need to
consider whether the actors involved in financial
governance have the ability and motivation to
exercise their power. This view focuses on the main
financial governance entities within the company and
their relationships, but does not pay enough attention
to creditors and other external creditors; Yi Longxin
(2002) believes that the subject of financial
governance is capable, qualified, and willing to
participate in the company Financial activities, and
internal authorities, individuals and legal persons that
occupy a certain position in corporate governance, but
ignore other external stakeholders other than
creditors.
Regarding the object of financial governance,
scholars have the following different views. Zhang
Dunli(2002) believes that the object or object of
financial governance depends on the attributes of
financial governance. How to reasonably distribute
the residual claim right and residual control right
among the stakeholders is the practical object of
financial governance. It is specifically manifested in
financial activities and their financial relationships
such as fundraising, investment, capital operation,
income and its distribution. However, this view only
emphasizes the object of rights under the governance
framework, and ignores the objects embodied in the
financial category, which is not comprehensive. Wu
Zhongxin et al. (2006) believe that financial
governance is mainly the treatment of financial
relations, the core of which is the reasonable
allocation of financial power, which runs through the
process of handling financial relationships. Financial
power should be regarded as the object of financial
governance.
C. Research on financial governance system
Scholars have conducted extensive discussions on the
issues of financial governance system, among which
the more widely recognized viewpoints are as
follows. Yi Longxin (2002) comprehensively used
modern financial theory, corporate governance theory
and other discipline knowledge to initiallyconstruct a
financial governance system, clearly proposing that
financial governance should include three aspects:
governance structure, governance mechanism, and
governance code of conduct. You Xiaofeng (2005)
proposed that the financial governance framework
should include the subject, object, hypothesis, model,
etc. of financial governance. The financial subject is
the stakeholder, and the object of financial
governance is the financial conflict, including two
major categories: the financial conflict between
shareholders and operators, and the financial conflict
between creditors and shareholders. Huang Jubo
(2002) believes that the financial governance
structure is a problem of the allocation of rights, and
the content of financial governance includes:
investment and financing, dividend policies; the
implementation of accounting standards and
accounting systems; and the timely, accurate and
adequate financial reports. Zhang Dunli (2002)
believes that financial governance is an important
system in the framework of corporate governance
structure and is at the core of corporate governance;
financial governance organically integrates four parts
of corporate governance, namely, entrusted-agent
governance, shareholder governance, operator
governance, and capital structure governance.
combine together. Therefore, the main content of
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financial governance is reflected in the above-
mentioned four parts of governance structure. Wu
Zhongxin (2005) based on the theory of "financial
power flow" and proposed that financial governance
mainly deals with "financial relations". The
governance system has been preliminarily
constructed.
D. Research on the allocation of property rights
Many scholars have conducted research on the
allocation of financial power. Based on the theory of
"financial power flow" and the understanding of
"financial power = financial power + (corresponding)
power", Wu Zhongxin et al. proposed that financial
power can be divided into the category of general
financial power based on corporate fairness and the
category of residual financial power based on
corporate efficiency. The property rights of the
enterprise born from the complete part of the
incomplete contract of the enterprise. Residual
property rights originate from the incomplete part of
the incomplete contract, which is the corporate
property rights that are omitted from the corporate
contract, are not specified, or that the third party
cannot verify the results although the company has
made clear provisions, thus constructing the optimal
property rights allocation framework; Based on the
understanding that "corporate ownership" is "residual
claim and residual control rights", Zhang Zhaoguo
and others believe that corporate financial rights are a
set of powers related to corporate finance, including
financial income rights and financial control rights,
and put forward the logic of stakeholder cooperation.
A framework for corporate financial arrangements. At
the same time, he believes that all stakeholders should
share corporate financial rights, and proposed that
corporate financial governance mechanisms should be
established that take into account common
governance and contingent governance. However,
this view understands financial power only as
financial power and is not comprehensive. Yang Shue
et al. defined corporate financial rights as the
decision-making power, supervisory power and
execution power related to the company’s financial
interests and the interests of all participants, and
proposed a framework for the allocation of
stakeholders’ financial power.
Review and Prospects of Research at Home and
Abroad
Western scholars focused on the analysis of the
capital structure's influence on the arrangement of
corporate financial rights and on the financial
governance structure, laying a theoretical foundation
for financial governance research, giving birth to the
budding of corporate financial governance theory,
and having a great influence on the generation and
development of financial governance theory. The
theory of financial governance was finally produced
and flourishing in the domestic financial circle.
Chinese scholars have fully borrowed the research
results of western corporate governance theories and
conducted independent research in combination with
the background of my country's financial practice. He
pioneered and clearly put forward the concept of
financial power and financial governance, analyzed
its connotation, conducted independent and
professional research in this field, and initially
established the framework of the financial governance
theoretical system, which promoted the development
of financial governance theories.
However, it can be seen from the above summary of
scholars' viewpoints that domestic research on
financial governance theory and practice is still in the
exploratory stage, and scholars have their respective
focuses, but a complete theoretical system has not yet
been formed. In addition, many have failed to
completely break away from the western research
paradigm of "corporate governance", failed to
highlight the difference between financial governance
and corporate governance, and failed to fully
understand the dynamics and operability of financial
governance. In particular, insufficient attention has
been paid to the dynamic issues of financial
governance, which need to be further studied.
The future development direction of financial
governance theory research needs to take into account
both basic theory and empirical research. For basic
theoretical research, in addition to the connotation
and conceptuality, it is necessary to find the economic
roots of financial governance and explore the basic
theoretical sources of financial governance; in
addition, it is necessary to advance with the times and
conduct in-depth empirical research, conduct
empirical tests and apply them.
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