This study investigated labour incentives and organisatonal growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational design. The population of the study was 202 staff of Tide Newspaper Corporation and 176 staff of Radio Rivers Corporation in Rivers State, making the total of 376 respondents from two corporations. The sample size of the study was 194 respondents selected from the two 2 public corporations. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study adopted a questionnaire titled,‘Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth in Rivers State Public Corporation LIOGRSPC . The instrument was validated by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability index of the instrument was calculated using Cronbach Alpha, and it gave 0.68. Data collected from the field were analysed using Mean and Standard Deviation for the research questions, while regression was used to test the significance level of the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variables. The study revealed that there exists a significant positive relationship between financial incentive, staff promotion incentive, and staff human capacity development and organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study, therefore, recommended that positive efforts being made to further enhance organizational growth in the corporations. Orlu Chukwuemeka "Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38699.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/38699/labour-incentives-and-organisational-growth-of-public-corporations-in-rivers-state/orlu-chukwuemeka
Thinking about developing business leadership for the post covid worldYing wei (Joe) Chou
The document discusses the need to develop business leadership skills for the post-COVID world. It describes a model developed at Sacred Heart University's Center for Nonprofits that may provide students with the skills, attitudes and values required for successful social entrepreneurship. Over 15 years, 925 MBA students have completed 260 consulting projects for 125 nonprofit clients, totaling 65,000 volunteer hours and $60,000 in consulting services to help nonprofits. The model emphasizes developing students' "knowing," "doing," and "being" to prepare them for leadership in a world that demands both business acumen and social purpose.
Small–medium enterprise formation and nigerian economic growthYing wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses small-medium enterprises (SMEs) and their relationship to economic growth in Nigeria. It provides background on SMEs in Nigeria, noting they account for a large share of employment and output but the country still faces high unemployment, poverty, and low human development. The paper reviews literature on the importance of SMEs in creating jobs, innovation, and knowledge transfer. It also discusses theories of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial development. The purpose is to empirically examine the link between SME formation, employment, and economic growth in Nigeria using statistical techniques like error correction modeling and cointegration testing.
Corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for internal innovation pe...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for improving internal innovation performance. It reviews literature on corporate entrepreneurship and the relationship between intrapreneurship and strategic models. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that focuses on internal innovation over external mergers and acquisitions. Key factors for enhancing internal innovation include developing systems to motivate innovative behavior, concentrating entrepreneurial ventures, and educating employees on corporate entrepreneurship. Implementing strategic approaches can help corporations innovate internally and improve growth and profits, while accepting failure as part of the innovation process.
Entrepreneurial passion orientation and behavior the moderating role of linea...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This study examines how entrepreneurial passion, orientation, and behavior are influenced by rational and nonrational thinking styles. A conceptual model is proposed and tested using survey data from 300 European entrepreneurs. The findings show that entrepreneurial passion positively influences entrepreneurial orientation, which then strongly impacts strategic entrepreneurship behavior. Additionally, linear thinking positively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and behavior, while nonlinear thinking positively moderates the relationship between passion and orientation. This suggests entrepreneurs should utilize different thinking styles to maximize the impact of passion and orientation on behavior.
This document discusses a study that examined the relationship between cooperatives, employment generation, and business growth in Nigeria. It provides context on cooperatives and their role in employment and economic development based on prior literature. The study employed a survey design and questionnaire to collect data from 209 registered cooperatives in southern Nigeria. Findings from descriptive and inferential statistical analysis showed that cooperatives contribute significantly to employment generation and business growth in developing countries like Nigeria. The document recommends that governments provide more support and low-interest funding to cooperatives to help address unemployment and spur business development.
This study investigates the role of private sector innovation and entrepreneurship in reducing poverty. It uses data from 58 countries from 2001 to 2008 to examine the relationship between two proxies of innovation and entrepreneurship - worldwide patent applications and business registrations - and measures of poverty. Regression estimates and scatter plots indicate that higher levels of innovation and entrepreneurship are associated with significantly lower poverty rates. Furthermore, poverty is reduced to a greater extent when innovation interacts with and enhances entrepreneurship. The study concludes that promoting innovation and enterprise development through public policy can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and alleviating poverty in developing countries.
Implications of Organisational Culture on Performance of Business OrganisationsIOSR Journals
This article discusses the implications of organizational culture on the performance of business organizations in Nigeria. The first objective of the paper is to elaborate on organisational culture as a determinant of organisational performance. The second objective is to identify four dimensions of African culture as bases for more effective organization culture in the Nigerian context. Works of well known authors in the fields of Culture and Management were reviewed for perspectives and evidence. It is shown from the reviews that a relationship exists between organisational culture and performance of business organisations. In addition, the review suggests that relationship is mediated by reward perception and role perception. Social support, accommodation at work places, religious referencing, supervisor-subordinate age ratio and ethnic diversification are identified as culture factors likely to have positive impact on the performance of business organisations in Nigeria. It is recommended that business organizations in the country should give adequate attention to the development of corporate cultures that integrate the above factors in order to enhance their performance.
The document discusses the challenges faced by human resource departments in retaining talent in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in Delhi, India. It notes that while the BPO industry is a major employer, it also has very high attrition rates of around 55%. The human resource department aims to implement policies to retain talented employees and stem the outflow by addressing the factors that lead to employees leaving, such as work conditions, pay, and job satisfaction. However, some companies have been successful in retaining talent long-term through beneficial HR policies perceived positively by employees.
Thinking about developing business leadership for the post covid worldYing wei (Joe) Chou
The document discusses the need to develop business leadership skills for the post-COVID world. It describes a model developed at Sacred Heart University's Center for Nonprofits that may provide students with the skills, attitudes and values required for successful social entrepreneurship. Over 15 years, 925 MBA students have completed 260 consulting projects for 125 nonprofit clients, totaling 65,000 volunteer hours and $60,000 in consulting services to help nonprofits. The model emphasizes developing students' "knowing," "doing," and "being" to prepare them for leadership in a world that demands both business acumen and social purpose.
Small–medium enterprise formation and nigerian economic growthYing wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses small-medium enterprises (SMEs) and their relationship to economic growth in Nigeria. It provides background on SMEs in Nigeria, noting they account for a large share of employment and output but the country still faces high unemployment, poverty, and low human development. The paper reviews literature on the importance of SMEs in creating jobs, innovation, and knowledge transfer. It also discusses theories of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial development. The purpose is to empirically examine the link between SME formation, employment, and economic growth in Nigeria using statistical techniques like error correction modeling and cointegration testing.
Corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for internal innovation pe...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses corporate entrepreneurship as a strategic approach for improving internal innovation performance. It reviews literature on corporate entrepreneurship and the relationship between intrapreneurship and strategic models. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that focuses on internal innovation over external mergers and acquisitions. Key factors for enhancing internal innovation include developing systems to motivate innovative behavior, concentrating entrepreneurial ventures, and educating employees on corporate entrepreneurship. Implementing strategic approaches can help corporations innovate internally and improve growth and profits, while accepting failure as part of the innovation process.
Entrepreneurial passion orientation and behavior the moderating role of linea...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This study examines how entrepreneurial passion, orientation, and behavior are influenced by rational and nonrational thinking styles. A conceptual model is proposed and tested using survey data from 300 European entrepreneurs. The findings show that entrepreneurial passion positively influences entrepreneurial orientation, which then strongly impacts strategic entrepreneurship behavior. Additionally, linear thinking positively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and behavior, while nonlinear thinking positively moderates the relationship between passion and orientation. This suggests entrepreneurs should utilize different thinking styles to maximize the impact of passion and orientation on behavior.
This document discusses a study that examined the relationship between cooperatives, employment generation, and business growth in Nigeria. It provides context on cooperatives and their role in employment and economic development based on prior literature. The study employed a survey design and questionnaire to collect data from 209 registered cooperatives in southern Nigeria. Findings from descriptive and inferential statistical analysis showed that cooperatives contribute significantly to employment generation and business growth in developing countries like Nigeria. The document recommends that governments provide more support and low-interest funding to cooperatives to help address unemployment and spur business development.
This study investigates the role of private sector innovation and entrepreneurship in reducing poverty. It uses data from 58 countries from 2001 to 2008 to examine the relationship between two proxies of innovation and entrepreneurship - worldwide patent applications and business registrations - and measures of poverty. Regression estimates and scatter plots indicate that higher levels of innovation and entrepreneurship are associated with significantly lower poverty rates. Furthermore, poverty is reduced to a greater extent when innovation interacts with and enhances entrepreneurship. The study concludes that promoting innovation and enterprise development through public policy can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and alleviating poverty in developing countries.
Implications of Organisational Culture on Performance of Business OrganisationsIOSR Journals
This article discusses the implications of organizational culture on the performance of business organizations in Nigeria. The first objective of the paper is to elaborate on organisational culture as a determinant of organisational performance. The second objective is to identify four dimensions of African culture as bases for more effective organization culture in the Nigerian context. Works of well known authors in the fields of Culture and Management were reviewed for perspectives and evidence. It is shown from the reviews that a relationship exists between organisational culture and performance of business organisations. In addition, the review suggests that relationship is mediated by reward perception and role perception. Social support, accommodation at work places, religious referencing, supervisor-subordinate age ratio and ethnic diversification are identified as culture factors likely to have positive impact on the performance of business organisations in Nigeria. It is recommended that business organizations in the country should give adequate attention to the development of corporate cultures that integrate the above factors in order to enhance their performance.
The document discusses the challenges faced by human resource departments in retaining talent in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in Delhi, India. It notes that while the BPO industry is a major employer, it also has very high attrition rates of around 55%. The human resource department aims to implement policies to retain talented employees and stem the outflow by addressing the factors that lead to employees leaving, such as work conditions, pay, and job satisfaction. However, some companies have been successful in retaining talent long-term through beneficial HR policies perceived positively by employees.
Diffusion of innovation through individual and collective entrepreneurship an...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses a study that explores the relationship between individual entrepreneurship, collective (team-based) entrepreneurship, and innovation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study develops a theoretical framework and tests relationships using structural equation modeling on survey data from 700 entrepreneurs in SMEs in Pakistan. The results confirm that both individual entrepreneur traits and collective team efforts contribute to innovation in SMEs. Specifically, entrepreneur personality traits directly impact innovation while centralized decision-making does not, and factors like communication and collaboration among team members contribute to collective entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation, which both directly impact innovation. The study aims to provide a more holistic view of entrepreneurship and innovation by considering both individual and collective dimensions.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines human resource challenges in retaining talent in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in Delhi, India. It provides an overview of the large and growing BPO industry in India, noting high attrition rates remain a challenge. The researcher conducted interviews with HR employees and BPO employees to understand retention challenges and practices used. The study aims to identify the most effective practices for retaining talent and determine if financial compensation or career opportunities are more important for employee retention in the BPO sector. The limitations include potential bias in interviews and information that may not be entirely accurate.
Motivation, success factors and challenges of entrepreneurs in khulna city of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes previous research on the motivation, success factors, and challenges of entrepreneurs. It finds that personal and financial factors like independence, job security, and self-employment motivate entrepreneurs. Success factors include managerial skills, experience, family support, and reputation. Challenges include issues with the business environment, infrastructure, raw materials, and political instability. The document reviews literature on motivation, success factors, and challenges for entrepreneurs globally and in specific regions like Bangladesh, Ghana, Serbia, China, and India.
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
This document summarizes a research paper about analyzing the aftermath of business failure. The paper conducted interviews with 6 entrepreneurs who had previously failed and succeeded with new ventures. It found that previous failure strongly impacted individuals, shaping how they perceived blame and affecting their career paths. Failure also led to changes in business behaviors and practices. While predicting failure and its causes have been widely studied, the focus on consequences of failure has lagged behind. This study aims to contribute new insights on how failure outcomes relate to individuals' experiences, ages, and contexts.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Ba...AkashSharma618775
The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of audit committee features on the financial
performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen (13) banks were
used over 10 years making a total of 130 firm year observation. The independent variable was audit committee
size, while the dependent variable was DMB financial performance measured by return on capital employed
(ROCE). The study used an ex-post factor research approach to address the research questions and the nature of
the study data. The study used the panel fixed effect approach (and the estimates were obtained using E-views 9).
The results show that audit committee size does not significantly predict ROCE nor does audit committee financial
skill and frequency of audit committee meetings. None of the independent variables have significant predictive
power on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Thus, instead of DMBs focusing on expanding the
members of Audit committee, they should instead consider other things that can be done to have an effective audit
committee, such as gender, religion, region, ownership, etc that could possibly influence the performance of banks
in Nigeria.
Human Resource Management in Hospitality Multinational Enterprises: An Empiri...IOSR Journals
This document discusses human resource management practices in hospitality multinational enterprises operating in India. It begins with an introduction on the growth of multinational enterprises globally and their presence in emerging markets like India. It then reviews literature on factors that influence the human resource management practices adopted by foreign multinational subsidiaries operating in a host country, including pressures for standardization versus localization. The study aims to compare the HRM practices of Indian hospitality MNEs to foreign hospitality MNEs operating in India and examine how practices are influenced by firm-specific factors like nationality, size, and industry. It hypothesizes that HRM practices will remain aligned with the local cultural environment and diverge from practices in foreign MNE subsidiaries.
This paper examines whether the long-run relationship between budget and external deficits follows the
tenets of the twin-deficit hypothesis, the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis, the current account targeting
hypothesis, or the feedback linkages. It also evaluates the effects of budget and trade deficits on economic growth.
On a global perspective, these have been in the recent period debated in developed and developing nations. In
contributing to this ongoing debate, the study applied unit root tests, cointegration analysis, a dynamic vector
error correction model and a multivariate Toda-Yamamoto long -run Granger-causality representation using
annual time series data for Kenya from 1980 to 2016. There is evidence of unidirectional causality running from
budget deficit to external deficit in support of the twin-deficit hypothesis. In the long run, budget deficit had
significant positive effects while trade deficit had significant negative effects, on real GDP growth. Overall, the
findings suggest that the authorities should promote policies that upscale fiscal discipline, curb budget deficits for
external stability and long-term economic growth, in Kenya. The evidence underscores the need for more country
specific studies in sub-Saharan Africa.
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of entrepreneurial competences on the success of paint manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study hypothesized that three facets of entrepreneurial competence (strategic competence, operational competence, and learning competence) influence enterprise success. Data was collected through surveys of managers at 20 paint manufacturing firms and analyzed using statistical software. Results suggested that all three components of entrepreneurial competence positively impact enterprise success, with operational competence being the most important predictor of success. The study concluded that enterprise managers should focus on developing strategic, operational, and learning competences to enhance their business success.
EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT PROFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREIGN COMMERC...AkashSharma618775
The study sought to examine Management Proficiency on financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya from period of 2013 to 2019.
Design/Methodology/Approach; The return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) were used as measure on
measure of financial performance measures on foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The descriptive, correlation
and panel regression analysis based on fixed effect model with help STATA.
The Results; It indicated that an R squared of 0.6956 was obtained that implies that 69.56 percent of the variations
in financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was accredited to capital adequacy, asset quality
and management efficiency. A p-value of 0.0000 further endorsed that the variables that were used namely: capital
adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency had significant effect predicting the financial performance of
foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The model had a constant value of 0.87 thus inferred that in the absence of
capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency, the value of financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya was 0.87.
Originality/value: The main study objective was to provide the empirical evidence on management proficiency on
financial performance on foreign commercial banks in Kenya and demanded literature gaps
Salesforce CRM: A new way of managing Customer Relationship in cloud environmentEECJOURNAL
with the appearance of distributed computing, associations are hoping to move their Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications from an On-Premise environment or we can say local servers to an On-Demand environment that is on a cloud server. The on-Premise environment is when an association has the framework and programming inside its system. In On-Demand environment, an outsider has the base and programming and charges the relationship in light of its participation show. Salesforce is the principle On-Demand CRM thing.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intellectual capital which proxied by VAICTM by Pulic (1999) and the average growth of intellectual capital (VAIC™) to firm performance. The data used in this study is the first 140 companies listed on the Stock Exchange which is divided into two sectors, manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry which following to research hypothesis. The results showed that the intellectual capital has significant effect to firm performance when firm performance is proxied by the ROA, not by ROE. And the average growth of intellectual capital has a significant effect to firm performance if the company's performance is proxied by ROE and ROA.
Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenyapaperpublications3
Abstract: Craft industry contributes greatly to the economy of a country for it provides income for not only micro enterprises but also small and medium enterprises. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of debt financing on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya, to determine the influence of retained earnings on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. The study covered the soapstone micro enterprises registered by Tabaka Town Council and the woodcarving micro enterprises registered by Wote Town Council. This study adopted descriptive research designs. The target population for the study constituted all the soapstone micro enterprises in Tabaka Town which are registered by Tabaka Town Council, Kisii County, and all the woodcarving micro enterprises of Wamunyu Location, Machakos County, which are registered by Wote Town Council. From this population of 2334 respondents, a sample of 330 respondents was divided proportionately between the two regions according to the proportion of their craft micro enterprises under study, using stratified random sampling. The study gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the data collected were analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential type of statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.The results were then summarized in tables, charts and graphs. The findings of the study revealed that debt financing has a significant influence on the growth of craft microenterprises.
Keywords: Debt, Craft, Equity, Financing, Growth, Microenterprise.
Title: Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Author: Steve Ondieki Nyanamba, Dr. Florence Sigara Memba, Dr. Willy Mwangi Muturi, Electrin Teresa Maswari
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
1) The study examines the antecedents that drive students' entrepreneurial identity aspiration by surveying 127 Austrian vocational college students.
2) It finds that risk-taking propensity, proactiveness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and competitiveness positively influence entrepreneurial identity aspiration. Innovativeness and need for achievement were not found to be significant influences.
3) Gender was also found to be related to entrepreneurial identity aspiration, while previous entrepreneurship education and exposure showed no effect or adverse effects.
The impact of Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Justice on Perceiv...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study aimed to investigate the influence of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on perceived organizational performance at public sectors in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research provided empirical evidence regarding the role of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on perceived organizational performance. The current study applied quantitative research, a questionnaire was used to collected data from the participants (employees, supervisors, and managers) from public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The sample size for the current study was 114 units. The study developed two research hypotheses to measure the current study. The findings revealed that the first research hypothesis was supported which stated that psychological empowerment has a positive and significant influence on perceived organizational performance at public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq, furthermore the second research hypothesis was supported which stated that organizational justice has a positive and significant influence on perceived organizational performance at public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq. However, it was found that the highest value was for the psychological empowerment effect on perceived organizational performance.
Challenges of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Dodoma Tanzaniainventionjournals
Small businesses irrefutably remain critical to the development of any nation’s economy as they are an excellent, source of employment creation, help in improvement of local skill, and extend aboriginal entrepreneurs. The small scale entrepreneurs who (either registered, unregistered, service or manufacturing or any other type) and have more than three years experience of entrepreneurship comprised the populace of the study. The method of convenience sampling was employed in arriving at the 100 Small firms. The major challenge could be lack of financial (Capital) resources. In the event funding institutions become flexible in their requirements for loan applications, respondents registered their willing to increase the number of their employees; the number of branches and willingness to accept specialized recommendation. In other ways, the only best way to help Small firm’s right of entry economic resources lies in the hands of funding institutions as acceptable and suggested by the best part of undersized entrepreneurs who submitted that the key determinants for seed resources attainment are: fair and low interest rates.
1. The document discusses ICT adoption and use among SMEs. It notes that while SMEs have increasingly adopted basic ICT tools, adoption of more advanced strategic uses of ICT varies.
2. Several frameworks for ICT adoption are discussed, including diffusion of innovations theory and the technology acceptance model.
3. Opportunities for SMEs to leverage ICT include e-commerce, intranets, and strategic alliances enabled by technologies. However, factors like firm size impact adoption levels.
Effect of Intellectual Capital on the Profitability of Nigerian Deposit Money...ijtsrd
This study assessed the effect of intellectual capital on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks. The specific objectives are To ascertain the effect of Structural Capital Efficiency SCE on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks to determine the effect of Human Capital Efficiency Coefficient HCE on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks and to examine the effect of Capital Employed Efficiency Coefficient CEE on the profitability in Nigerian deposit money banks. The study adopted Ex post Facto research design. The study used sample of fifteen 15 Nigerian deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2018 The data for the study was collected from annual reports and accounts of the deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Regression analysis was employed to test the formulated hypotheses with the aid of e view version 9.0. The study revealed that Structural Capital Efficiency SCE has positive significant effect on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study also revealed that Human Capital Efficiency Coefficient HCE has positive effect on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks, but is not statistically significant. In addition, Capital Employed Efficiency Coefficient CEE has positive effect on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks, but is not statistically significant. The study therefore recommended among others that Banks in Nigeria especially the Deposit Money Banks should adopt an intellectual capital strategy. This can be done by banks adding the position of Chief Intellectual Capital Management Officer CICMO on their organizational chart to help in structuring relevant strategies and policies on how to obtain and best utilize the required resources underlying IC. Okeke, Ifeanyi V | Udeh Francis N "Effect of Intellectual Capital on the Profitability of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30333.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/30333/effect-of-intellectual-capital-on-the-profitability-of-nigerian-deposit-money-banks/okeke-ifeanyi-v
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between board diversity and earnings quality of firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2019. The study measures board diversity based on gender, experience, age, and religion of board members. It finds that gender, experience, and age of board members significantly affect earnings quality, but religion does not. This suggests that more diverse boards in terms of these characteristics can enhance earnings quality. The study provides implications for Jordanian policymakers to promote more diverse boards to improve corporate governance of listed firms.
Effect of Human Resource Accounting on Firms Value A Study of Selected Firms ...ijtsrd
This study evaluated the effect of Human Resource Accounting on Firm’s value A study of selected firm’s quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The study adopted ex post facto research design. The population of the study was 116 firms categorized as non financial services sector. Purposive sampling technique was used and 76 firms were considered which had secondary data information that covered a period of 10years from 2010 2020. The regression analysis hypothesis testing was done with the aid of linear structural relations LISREL 8.80 student edition. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts and Nigerian stock exchange fact book 2020. Finding using market value measures for firm performance showed that Staff Training and Development cost has no significant positive effect on PEPS and Tobin’s Q of the quoted non–financial service firms. Increment in number of staff has no significant positive effect on PEPS and Tobin’s Q of quoted non–financial service firms . The study concluded that Human Resource Accounting affects corporate performance of non financial service firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. It is therefore recommended among others, that staff training and development has to be a regular program both on the job and off the job tailored towards filling the identified skills and attitude gaps in the company. Godwin, Adaobi Ozioma | Udeh, Francis N. P. "Effect of Human Resource Accounting on Firms Value: A Study of Selected Firms Quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47762.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47762/effect-of-human-resource-accounting-on-firms-value-a-study-of-selected-firms-quoted-on-the-nigerian-stock-exchange/godwin-adaobi-ozioma
Analysis of non financial characteristics of corporate performance in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the non-financial characteristics of corporate performance in Nigeria. It analyzes how characteristics like employment generation, facilities siting, philanthropic donations, and research/manpower development have impacted socioeconomic development. The study uses data from questionnaires distributed to employees across different industries. Analysis found that these non-financial characteristics significantly promoted development. The study suggests corporations prioritize improving social welfare over pure profit maximization.
Diffusion of innovation through individual and collective entrepreneurship an...Ying wei (Joe) Chou
This document discusses a study that explores the relationship between individual entrepreneurship, collective (team-based) entrepreneurship, and innovation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study develops a theoretical framework and tests relationships using structural equation modeling on survey data from 700 entrepreneurs in SMEs in Pakistan. The results confirm that both individual entrepreneur traits and collective team efforts contribute to innovation in SMEs. Specifically, entrepreneur personality traits directly impact innovation while centralized decision-making does not, and factors like communication and collaboration among team members contribute to collective entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation, which both directly impact innovation. The study aims to provide a more holistic view of entrepreneurship and innovation by considering both individual and collective dimensions.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines human resource challenges in retaining talent in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in Delhi, India. It provides an overview of the large and growing BPO industry in India, noting high attrition rates remain a challenge. The researcher conducted interviews with HR employees and BPO employees to understand retention challenges and practices used. The study aims to identify the most effective practices for retaining talent and determine if financial compensation or career opportunities are more important for employee retention in the BPO sector. The limitations include potential bias in interviews and information that may not be entirely accurate.
Motivation, success factors and challenges of entrepreneurs in khulna city of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes previous research on the motivation, success factors, and challenges of entrepreneurs. It finds that personal and financial factors like independence, job security, and self-employment motivate entrepreneurs. Success factors include managerial skills, experience, family support, and reputation. Challenges include issues with the business environment, infrastructure, raw materials, and political instability. The document reviews literature on motivation, success factors, and challenges for entrepreneurs globally and in specific regions like Bangladesh, Ghana, Serbia, China, and India.
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
This document summarizes a research paper about analyzing the aftermath of business failure. The paper conducted interviews with 6 entrepreneurs who had previously failed and succeeded with new ventures. It found that previous failure strongly impacted individuals, shaping how they perceived blame and affecting their career paths. Failure also led to changes in business behaviors and practices. While predicting failure and its causes have been widely studied, the focus on consequences of failure has lagged behind. This study aims to contribute new insights on how failure outcomes relate to individuals' experiences, ages, and contexts.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Ba...AkashSharma618775
The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of audit committee features on the financial
performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen (13) banks were
used over 10 years making a total of 130 firm year observation. The independent variable was audit committee
size, while the dependent variable was DMB financial performance measured by return on capital employed
(ROCE). The study used an ex-post factor research approach to address the research questions and the nature of
the study data. The study used the panel fixed effect approach (and the estimates were obtained using E-views 9).
The results show that audit committee size does not significantly predict ROCE nor does audit committee financial
skill and frequency of audit committee meetings. None of the independent variables have significant predictive
power on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Thus, instead of DMBs focusing on expanding the
members of Audit committee, they should instead consider other things that can be done to have an effective audit
committee, such as gender, religion, region, ownership, etc that could possibly influence the performance of banks
in Nigeria.
Human Resource Management in Hospitality Multinational Enterprises: An Empiri...IOSR Journals
This document discusses human resource management practices in hospitality multinational enterprises operating in India. It begins with an introduction on the growth of multinational enterprises globally and their presence in emerging markets like India. It then reviews literature on factors that influence the human resource management practices adopted by foreign multinational subsidiaries operating in a host country, including pressures for standardization versus localization. The study aims to compare the HRM practices of Indian hospitality MNEs to foreign hospitality MNEs operating in India and examine how practices are influenced by firm-specific factors like nationality, size, and industry. It hypothesizes that HRM practices will remain aligned with the local cultural environment and diverge from practices in foreign MNE subsidiaries.
This paper examines whether the long-run relationship between budget and external deficits follows the
tenets of the twin-deficit hypothesis, the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis, the current account targeting
hypothesis, or the feedback linkages. It also evaluates the effects of budget and trade deficits on economic growth.
On a global perspective, these have been in the recent period debated in developed and developing nations. In
contributing to this ongoing debate, the study applied unit root tests, cointegration analysis, a dynamic vector
error correction model and a multivariate Toda-Yamamoto long -run Granger-causality representation using
annual time series data for Kenya from 1980 to 2016. There is evidence of unidirectional causality running from
budget deficit to external deficit in support of the twin-deficit hypothesis. In the long run, budget deficit had
significant positive effects while trade deficit had significant negative effects, on real GDP growth. Overall, the
findings suggest that the authorities should promote policies that upscale fiscal discipline, curb budget deficits for
external stability and long-term economic growth, in Kenya. The evidence underscores the need for more country
specific studies in sub-Saharan Africa.
Effect of market penetration management strategies on performance of Small En...AkashSharma618775
Small businesses in Kenya face a myriad of challenges. Most of the establishments have gone under the
waters due to various reasons including market turbulences. The businesses leave the market as soon as they make
entry. If they stay, they stagnate at the same level they started. The objective of the study was to find out the effect
of market penetration strategies on the performance of small enterprises in Kenya. The study used descriptive
survey design. The study was conducted in Migori County, Kenya. The target population was 4997 which were
businesses registered by the department of Trade of Migori County in 2019. A sample of 481 individuals were
interviewed. This number was derived using Yamane sampling model. Data was collected from business owners
with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher used Cronbach’s alpha coeffect to test the reliability of
the study instrument. Data was sorted, sorted and entered using a statistical software program for social sciences
(SPSS). A simple linear regression was used to test the relationship between market penetration management
strategies and performance of small enterprises in Kenya. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed in
testing the strength of the relationship between market penetration management strategies and growth of small
enterprises in Kenya.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of entrepreneurial competences on the success of paint manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study hypothesized that three facets of entrepreneurial competence (strategic competence, operational competence, and learning competence) influence enterprise success. Data was collected through surveys of managers at 20 paint manufacturing firms and analyzed using statistical software. Results suggested that all three components of entrepreneurial competence positively impact enterprise success, with operational competence being the most important predictor of success. The study concluded that enterprise managers should focus on developing strategic, operational, and learning competences to enhance their business success.
EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT PROFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREIGN COMMERC...AkashSharma618775
The study sought to examine Management Proficiency on financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya from period of 2013 to 2019.
Design/Methodology/Approach; The return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) were used as measure on
measure of financial performance measures on foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The descriptive, correlation
and panel regression analysis based on fixed effect model with help STATA.
The Results; It indicated that an R squared of 0.6956 was obtained that implies that 69.56 percent of the variations
in financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was accredited to capital adequacy, asset quality
and management efficiency. A p-value of 0.0000 further endorsed that the variables that were used namely: capital
adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency had significant effect predicting the financial performance of
foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The model had a constant value of 0.87 thus inferred that in the absence of
capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency, the value of financial performance of foreign
commercial banks in Kenya was 0.87.
Originality/value: The main study objective was to provide the empirical evidence on management proficiency on
financial performance on foreign commercial banks in Kenya and demanded literature gaps
Salesforce CRM: A new way of managing Customer Relationship in cloud environmentEECJOURNAL
with the appearance of distributed computing, associations are hoping to move their Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications from an On-Premise environment or we can say local servers to an On-Demand environment that is on a cloud server. The on-Premise environment is when an association has the framework and programming inside its system. In On-Demand environment, an outsider has the base and programming and charges the relationship in light of its participation show. Salesforce is the principle On-Demand CRM thing.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intellectual capital which proxied by VAICTM by Pulic (1999) and the average growth of intellectual capital (VAIC™) to firm performance. The data used in this study is the first 140 companies listed on the Stock Exchange which is divided into two sectors, manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry which following to research hypothesis. The results showed that the intellectual capital has significant effect to firm performance when firm performance is proxied by the ROA, not by ROE. And the average growth of intellectual capital has a significant effect to firm performance if the company's performance is proxied by ROE and ROA.
Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenyapaperpublications3
Abstract: Craft industry contributes greatly to the economy of a country for it provides income for not only micro enterprises but also small and medium enterprises. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of debt financing on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya, to determine the influence of retained earnings on growth of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. The study covered the soapstone micro enterprises registered by Tabaka Town Council and the woodcarving micro enterprises registered by Wote Town Council. This study adopted descriptive research designs. The target population for the study constituted all the soapstone micro enterprises in Tabaka Town which are registered by Tabaka Town Council, Kisii County, and all the woodcarving micro enterprises of Wamunyu Location, Machakos County, which are registered by Wote Town Council. From this population of 2334 respondents, a sample of 330 respondents was divided proportionately between the two regions according to the proportion of their craft micro enterprises under study, using stratified random sampling. The study gathered data using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the data collected were analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential type of statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.The results were then summarized in tables, charts and graphs. The findings of the study revealed that debt financing has a significant influence on the growth of craft microenterprises.
Keywords: Debt, Craft, Equity, Financing, Growth, Microenterprise.
Title: Influence of Debt Equity Financing on Growth of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Author: Steve Ondieki Nyanamba, Dr. Florence Sigara Memba, Dr. Willy Mwangi Muturi, Electrin Teresa Maswari
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
1) The study examines the antecedents that drive students' entrepreneurial identity aspiration by surveying 127 Austrian vocational college students.
2) It finds that risk-taking propensity, proactiveness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and competitiveness positively influence entrepreneurial identity aspiration. Innovativeness and need for achievement were not found to be significant influences.
3) Gender was also found to be related to entrepreneurial identity aspiration, while previous entrepreneurship education and exposure showed no effect or adverse effects.
The impact of Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Justice on Perceiv...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study aimed to investigate the influence of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on perceived organizational performance at public sectors in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research provided empirical evidence regarding the role of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on perceived organizational performance. The current study applied quantitative research, a questionnaire was used to collected data from the participants (employees, supervisors, and managers) from public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The sample size for the current study was 114 units. The study developed two research hypotheses to measure the current study. The findings revealed that the first research hypothesis was supported which stated that psychological empowerment has a positive and significant influence on perceived organizational performance at public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq, furthermore the second research hypothesis was supported which stated that organizational justice has a positive and significant influence on perceived organizational performance at public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq. However, it was found that the highest value was for the psychological empowerment effect on perceived organizational performance.
Challenges of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Dodoma Tanzaniainventionjournals
Small businesses irrefutably remain critical to the development of any nation’s economy as they are an excellent, source of employment creation, help in improvement of local skill, and extend aboriginal entrepreneurs. The small scale entrepreneurs who (either registered, unregistered, service or manufacturing or any other type) and have more than three years experience of entrepreneurship comprised the populace of the study. The method of convenience sampling was employed in arriving at the 100 Small firms. The major challenge could be lack of financial (Capital) resources. In the event funding institutions become flexible in their requirements for loan applications, respondents registered their willing to increase the number of their employees; the number of branches and willingness to accept specialized recommendation. In other ways, the only best way to help Small firm’s right of entry economic resources lies in the hands of funding institutions as acceptable and suggested by the best part of undersized entrepreneurs who submitted that the key determinants for seed resources attainment are: fair and low interest rates.
1. The document discusses ICT adoption and use among SMEs. It notes that while SMEs have increasingly adopted basic ICT tools, adoption of more advanced strategic uses of ICT varies.
2. Several frameworks for ICT adoption are discussed, including diffusion of innovations theory and the technology acceptance model.
3. Opportunities for SMEs to leverage ICT include e-commerce, intranets, and strategic alliances enabled by technologies. However, factors like firm size impact adoption levels.
Effect of Intellectual Capital on the Profitability of Nigerian Deposit Money...ijtsrd
This study assessed the effect of intellectual capital on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks. The specific objectives are To ascertain the effect of Structural Capital Efficiency SCE on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks to determine the effect of Human Capital Efficiency Coefficient HCE on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks and to examine the effect of Capital Employed Efficiency Coefficient CEE on the profitability in Nigerian deposit money banks. The study adopted Ex post Facto research design. The study used sample of fifteen 15 Nigerian deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2018 The data for the study was collected from annual reports and accounts of the deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Regression analysis was employed to test the formulated hypotheses with the aid of e view version 9.0. The study revealed that Structural Capital Efficiency SCE has positive significant effect on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study also revealed that Human Capital Efficiency Coefficient HCE has positive effect on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks, but is not statistically significant. In addition, Capital Employed Efficiency Coefficient CEE has positive effect on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks, but is not statistically significant. The study therefore recommended among others that Banks in Nigeria especially the Deposit Money Banks should adopt an intellectual capital strategy. This can be done by banks adding the position of Chief Intellectual Capital Management Officer CICMO on their organizational chart to help in structuring relevant strategies and policies on how to obtain and best utilize the required resources underlying IC. Okeke, Ifeanyi V | Udeh Francis N "Effect of Intellectual Capital on the Profitability of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30333.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/30333/effect-of-intellectual-capital-on-the-profitability-of-nigerian-deposit-money-banks/okeke-ifeanyi-v
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between board diversity and earnings quality of firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2019. The study measures board diversity based on gender, experience, age, and religion of board members. It finds that gender, experience, and age of board members significantly affect earnings quality, but religion does not. This suggests that more diverse boards in terms of these characteristics can enhance earnings quality. The study provides implications for Jordanian policymakers to promote more diverse boards to improve corporate governance of listed firms.
Effect of Human Resource Accounting on Firms Value A Study of Selected Firms ...ijtsrd
This study evaluated the effect of Human Resource Accounting on Firm’s value A study of selected firm’s quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The study adopted ex post facto research design. The population of the study was 116 firms categorized as non financial services sector. Purposive sampling technique was used and 76 firms were considered which had secondary data information that covered a period of 10years from 2010 2020. The regression analysis hypothesis testing was done with the aid of linear structural relations LISREL 8.80 student edition. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts and Nigerian stock exchange fact book 2020. Finding using market value measures for firm performance showed that Staff Training and Development cost has no significant positive effect on PEPS and Tobin’s Q of the quoted non–financial service firms. Increment in number of staff has no significant positive effect on PEPS and Tobin’s Q of quoted non–financial service firms . The study concluded that Human Resource Accounting affects corporate performance of non financial service firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. It is therefore recommended among others, that staff training and development has to be a regular program both on the job and off the job tailored towards filling the identified skills and attitude gaps in the company. Godwin, Adaobi Ozioma | Udeh, Francis N. P. "Effect of Human Resource Accounting on Firms Value: A Study of Selected Firms Quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47762.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47762/effect-of-human-resource-accounting-on-firms-value-a-study-of-selected-firms-quoted-on-the-nigerian-stock-exchange/godwin-adaobi-ozioma
Analysis of non financial characteristics of corporate performance in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the non-financial characteristics of corporate performance in Nigeria. It analyzes how characteristics like employment generation, facilities siting, philanthropic donations, and research/manpower development have impacted socioeconomic development. The study uses data from questionnaires distributed to employees across different industries. Analysis found that these non-financial characteristics significantly promoted development. The study suggests corporations prioritize improving social welfare over pure profit maximization.
A Correlation of CSR and Intellectual Capital, its Implication toward Company...inventionjournals
Traditional accounting approach is not considered an intangible asset in determining the value of the company. Judging from the strategic aspect, the business is now growing process wherein, the company actively doing research, product innovation, development potential of the company, management and employee skill improvement and so on. So all the intangible aspects that are key to increasing the value of sustainable enterprises. One example of an intangible asset is intellectual capital (IC). On the other hand this aspect as neglected because it is not expressed in the financial statements which is the main basis in the valuation of the company. This study is exploratory research, has the main objective to assess the link CSR activities with IC in their influence on the creation of value for the company. Outcomes research studies be developed from the analysis of ratings and disclosures IC with antecedent and concequences which have been tested by previous research. However, these studies largely carried on the business environment in developed countries, and is still very limited studies conducted in developing countries that have a cultural background of eastern Indonesia. Based on reviews of an extant of literatures, several internal factors were identified as antecedents for IC. They are: CSR activities, firm growth and type of industry. The sample selection was based on certain criteria, and acquired 52 manufactured companies listed in IDX, from 2010-2014. Thisresearchfinds that CSR disclosure, specifically in the areas of social aspects and firm’s size significantly influences IC and firm value. There was no evidence to support the existence of significant influence of growth toward IC. IC is an intervening variable for the influence of CSR toward company’s value. Overall, findings of this research suggest that IC can be used to improve firm financial performance. The implication of this study is that companies should be concern to report their social activities and upgrade the quality of human capital who theirs.
This is a structure of a typical research proposalContents paGrazynaBroyles24
This is a structure of a typical research proposal:
Contents page
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Reflections and Resources
Bibliography
Appendices
There is no research question or aims and objectives. Critical evaluation.
Introduction
The success of an organization or corporation is contingent upon the level of employee motivation. Motivation is critical to the accomplishment of the organization's goals and objectives. It is critical for firms with varied cross-cultural teams to guarantee that their employees are highly engaged. The management is responsible for ensuring that workplace goals and objectives are consistent with the company culture (Vlaev et al., 2019). Setting workplace goals is critical for establishing and monitoring the organization's level of employee motivation (Pang & Lu, 2018). Employee commitment, engagement, and motivation are critical components of an organization's success. Financial remuneration practices play a significant role in motivating employees.
According to many surveys, if an organization does not try to motivate its employees through monetary incentives, the organization is likely to have low performance (Vlaev et al., 2019). Organizations in the United States work diligently to increase employee engagement through monetary and financial pay and awards. Financial and monetary incentives have a stronger effect on employee motivation, according to studies (Pang & Lu, 2018). The United States government has implemented policies aimed at increasing compensation and incentive programs throughout all sectors of the labor market (Vlaev et al., 2019). As with any other firm, the government is attempting to improve employee performance through a variety of financial incentives.
The Federal Reserve System is the United States of America's central bank. It is in responsible of issuing currency to all financial institutions and exercising influence over the economy via monetary policy (Coccia & Igor, 2018). The Federal Reserve System has a number of financial incentives in place to motivate its personnel. Several of these tools include the following:
· This assists in meeting rental obligations.
· Gratuities are paid to all contract employees. This is a component of their terminal benefits and a token of appreciation for their long-term contribution to the business.
· Employees are eligible for personal loans and medical insurance coverage if they have worked for the bank for an extended length of time.
Problem Statement
Numerous researchers have sought to determine the effect of motivation on working institutions. According to research, motivating employees increases their performance and morale by making them feel wanted in the workplace (Coccia & Igor, 2018). However, there is a dearth of research on the effect of financial incentives on employee motivation. The purpose of this study is to close this gap by determining the relationship between financial incentives and employee motivation. Th ...
The study examined the relationship between non-financial incentives and workers’ motivation in Akwa Ibom State Civil Service exploring five key variables of continuing professional development, performance feedback, employee employment, employee participation in decision-making and task autonomy. Survey research design was adopted involving the use of questionnaire to gather data from 392 respondents drawn from a population of 20465 civil servants in state using Taro Yamene Sample Size Determination Table. The sample was drawn across all ministries and departments through stratified and convenience sampling techniques. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The five dimensions of non-financial incentives were positively correlated with workers’ motivation from the results of the analysis. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) had the highest correlation value (r = 0.33, P<0.01). Also, the five null hypotheses were rejected implying that the variables of study influence workers’ motivation in Akwa Ibom State Civil Service, Nigeria with beta coefficients and t-values of CPD (0.29;4.313); PF (0.117; 3.500); EE (0.2.141); PDM (0.182; 2.935), and TA (0.231;2.817). It was concluded that since workers’ motivation is a vital tool to organizational effectiveness and growth, employers should explore more of non-financial incentives in formulating and implementing employee benefits related policies.
This report discusses a dashboard created using the Alibaba dataset in Tableau Public. The dashboard analyzes key metrics such as Alibaba's annual revenue, earnings per share, number of employees, and revenue distribution by segment. It discusses how visualizing this data provides insight for potential investors and shareholders. The report also covers topics like the importance of internal and external stakeholders, employee satisfaction and productivity, and how preparing financial data helps investors evaluate companies. It concludes that most successful acquired companies focused on customer happiness over profits and preparing quality data can accelerate acquisition.
Human resources accounting disclosures in nigeria quoted firmsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on human resource accounting disclosures in Nigerian firms. The study examined the relationship between firm financial performance and human resource accounting disclosures, and differences in disclosures between financial and non-financial sectors. It used secondary data and regression analysis of 50 listed firms. The study found a positive relationship between financial performance and disclosure level, and that financial companies disclosed more information. It concluded that profitability influences companies to report more human resource accounting information.
The Effects of Motivation on Employees’ Commitment in the Banking Industry in...ijtsrd
Banking industry represent a proportion of the service sector in every country and it is widely recognized that they contribute to employment growth. Since business establishments are human organizations, people are very essential in its existence and success. In spite of the efforts being made by the financial industries to improve staff commitment, employees’ motivation is still relatively challenging. This study adopted survey design because it provides the opportunity to describe the variables through the collection of primary data with the use of structured questionnaire. The population of this research is 5,200 employees of national, state and unit banks located across Lagos State, Nigeria. The sample frame from which employees of banks from the five geo political zones in Lagos State Badagry, Mainland, Epe, Island, and Ikorodu were selected regardless of their location in the State. This research work considered all participating banks in Lagos State. Senior and junior staff of participating banks were selected within the framework and a total of one thousand five hundred 1500 respondents were used. A self constructed and validated instrument titled, Staff Motivation and Employees Commitment in Banks Questionnaire SMECBQ . This was validated and a reliability test was performed, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the whole instrument is 0.79. The result showed that the questionnaire has a high level of reliability. The results of the findings revealed that The Pearson Correlation of motivation and employees’ job commitment was computed and established as 0.289 p value=0.000 showing a weak significant and positive relationship between the two variables. This means that there is a weak positive relationship between motivation and employees’ job commitment in the banks in Lagos State. The study concluded as motivation increases so do employees’ job commitment to the banks. Hence it was recommended that banks should align their reward system with those of other comparable institutions and that the safety and health needs of staff should continue to be addressed particularly for those on the field. Odunayo, H. A. "The Effects of Motivation on Employees’ Commitment in the Banking Industry in Lagos State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51843.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/51843/the-effects-of-motivation-on-employees’-commitment-in-the-banking-industry-in-lagos-state-nigeria/odunayo-h-a
Intellectual Capital and the Financial Performance of Listed Agricultural Fir...ijtsrd
The new production system is mainly driven by technology, knowledge, expertise and relations with stakeholders which may collectively be described as Intellectual Capital. Intellectual capital of an organization is seen as assets to improving the financial performance. Against this backdrop, this paper examined the impact of intellectual capital on financial performance of listed agricultural firm in Nigeria the moderating role of staff training. The study sampled thirteen listed agricultural firms from 2015 to 2022. The ordinary least squares was employed. The result revealed that staff training has a moderating effect on the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria. It was concluded and recommended that firms should carry out staff training regularly. Eke Robert I. | Ikponmwosa Julius Osazee. | Obayagbonna Edmund O. "Intellectual Capital and the Financial Performance of Listed Agricultural Firms in Nigeria: The Moderating Role of Staff Training" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57481.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/57481/intellectual-capital-and-the-financial-performance-of-listed-agricultural-firms-in-nigeria-the-moderating-role-of-staff-training/eke-robert-i
Corporate Governance Mechanism and Sustainability of Health Care Firms in Nig...ijtsrd
This study was carried out to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanism and sustainability of health care firms in Nigeria. The study is vital as it portrays the extent to which corporate governance mechanism ensures organizational sustainability. In order to determine the relationship between corporate governance mechanism CGM and sustainability, CGMs key proxy variables were used in the study, namely board independence BI and board diligence BD while sustainability on the other hand was measured by social environmental performance. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation and the statistical test of parameter estimates was conducted using ordinary least square model. The study anchored on the Stewardship Theory adopted an Ex Post Facto Approach. Hence, data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of listed health care firms in Nigeria for the period 2016 2020. The empirical analysis of the research indicates that there is a significant and positive relationship between board independence, board diligence and sustainability of listed health care firms in Nigeria at 1 significant level. Thus, the study concludes that corporate governance mechanism ensures sustainability of quoted health care firms in Nigeria. In lieu of this, the study recommended that companies should re examine the frequency of meetings of the Board. Attention should be focused on the efficiency and not the frequency of meetings of the Board. Also in the composition of corporate board, there shall be independent directors and female directorship presence as thus ensures organizational sustainability. Onuora, J. K. J. | Obiora Fabian. | Iloghalu Chika. R "Corporate Governance Mechanism and Sustainability of Health Care Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49500.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49500/corporate-governance-mechanism-and-sustainability-of-health-care-firms-in-nigeria/onuora-j-k-j
Human Capital Efficiency and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nig...ijtsrd
This study examines the relationship between Human capital Efficiency and performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study analyzed human capital efficiency dimension of human capital efficiency and relational capital efficiency, while performance was analyzed with return on capital employed and earnings per share. Ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study was listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2015 2019. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and multivariate regression were statistical tools used and the secondary data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 25, we concluded that Human capital efficiency and Relational capital efficiency significantly relates with return on capital employed and earning per shares of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria in the period of this study and recommend that Nigerian manufacturing firms must develop strategies to invest adequately in different human capital components. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Obalakumo, Anderson Pereowei "Human Capital Efficiency and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59696.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59696/human-capital-efficiency-and-performance-of-listed-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Performance of Oil and Gas Compa...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility reporting on financial performance of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. Ex post facto research design and content analysis were adapted. A sample of ten oil and gas companies was selected for the study. The hypothesis was tested using linear regression analysis with the aid of E view 9.0. The study revealed that return on capital employed has insignificant effect on corporate social responsibility of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that the external users of corporate social responsibility reports such as the shareholders, local communities, employees and other stakeholders should device appropriate channels by which their demands for such reporting can be adequately pressed upon. Ezekwesili, Tochukwu P. | Emeneka, Ogochukwu L "Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47520.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47520/corporate-social-responsibility-reporting-on-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria/ezekwesili-tochukwu-p
The Conceptual Assessment of Malaysian Entrepreneurshipnabaz4u
This document summarizes a journal article about assessing the concept of entrepreneurship orientation (EO) in Malaysia and its economic contributions. It finds that while the Malaysian government supports entrepreneurship through programs and loans, applying EO dimensions has contributed less to economic growth compared to other countries. Key challenges include low repayment of loans and a lack of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. For Malaysia to better realize the economic benefits of EO, entrepreneurs need more support to develop their businesses and increase profits to improve loan repayments, while the environment must continue supporting risk-taking and opportunities.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Impact of Equipment Support Aid in Nurturing Entrepreneurial CultureIOSRJBM
Support has most often been used in a more generic form to represent majority of services provided by the government and other bodies to motivate and aid business startup. However, while there are various studies on different forms of support such as financial support, network support, peer support, counseling support and soft support among others, limited research have been carried out in the area of equipment support offered by the government as a means of encouraging business startup after the training of individuals. Using a descriptive study, 195 participants of entrepreneurship programmes offered by the government in southern Nigeria were examined and findings reveal that to a large extent, the provision of equipment support as a means of promoting entrepreneurship does indeed aid in nurturing entrepreneurial culture in southern Nigeria. The findings contribute new knowledge to the entrepreneurship literature in terms of equipment support provision as a means of aiding business startup. The findings provide implications that will guide government policy decision and other bodies in the offering of entrepreneurship programmes in the region under study.
This research is a type of quantitative research, to determine the pattern of the relationship between profitability,
macroeconomics, capital structure and company value in manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange for the
2014-2018 period. The unit of analysis in this study is financial reports, while the population is all manufacturing
companies. of this population,
- The document discusses the impact of intellectual capital and social capital on human resource performance in the chemical industry of Pakistan. It provides background on intellectual capital and defines it as the collective knowledge and competencies within an organization.
- Social capital is discussed and defined as the relationships, norms, and values that govern interactions between people and contribute to economic and social development. Strong social networks and relationships within an organization can be considered a form of social capital.
- Human resource practices are argued to influence the development of intellectual capital and social capital within an organization. Effective knowledge management and social relationships are posited to enhance organizational performance. The document reviews relevant literature on these topics.
Analysis of non financial characteristics of corporate performance in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the non-financial characteristics of corporate performance in Nigeria. It examines how employment generation, facilities siting, philanthropic donations, and research/manpower development impact socioeconomic development. The study uses a questionnaire distributed to staff at 20 firms across 10 industries in Nigeria. Results show that employment generation and facilities siting significantly promote development. Over 98% of respondents agreed these non-financial factors influence corporate environment. While profits remain a key objective, the study suggests firms prioritize people's welfare through such non-financial activities.
The Execution Plan For Hitachi Global InnovationEbony Bates
Hitachi is a large Japanese electronics company seeking to increase innovation and speed up its response to market demands. The document discusses Hitachi's culture and the need to facilitate a more sustainable and innovative culture through diversity, creative thinking, collaboration, and risk-taking. It suggests Hitachi cannot force change its subsidiaries' cultures but should draw on their strengths and promote cultural alignment through shared mission, values and goals under strong leadership. This will help improve Hitachi's innovation capabilities.
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the impact of human and financial capital on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study used quantitative method. The analyse data results indicated that on the negative value, human capital has an impact on the business performance while financial capital on the positive value makes a major impact on business performance. The overall contribution is that women entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Human Capital, Financial Capital, SMEs
Similar to Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers State (20)
This document provides an overview of cosmetic science, summarizing different types of cosmetics including skin, hair, face, eye, and nail cosmetics. It describes key ingredients and formulations for different cosmetic products like moisturizers, cleansers, hair conditioners, mascara, lipstick, and nail polish. The document also discusses trends in cosmetic use throughout history and how cosmetics help beautify and care for skin, hair, nails, and facial features.
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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Osemeke (2011) opined that an organization is a social
relationship, which is either closedorlimitstheadmissionof
outsiders by rules, so far as its order is enforced by the
action of specific individuals whose regular function is chief
or head and usually also an administrative staff. Osemeke
(2011) in his view, sees the organization as a deliberate
association of individuals with common objectives working
cooperatively under leadership and authority.
Growth is something thatmostcompanies,largeorsmall,are
striving for. It is part and parcel of every modern
organisation. Indeed, as observed by Crosby (2016),
companies have to grow in work titled ‘The Eternally
Successful Organization’; most firms desire growth to
prosper, not just to survive. Organizational growth shows
progress concerning an organization's stated goals. Most
companies' ultimate goal is profit, so net profit,revenue,and
other financial data are often utilized as "bottom-line"
indications of growth. Meanwhile, other business owners
may use sales figures, the number of employees, physical
expansion, or other criteria to judge organizational growth
(Osemeke, 2011).
Labor is the quantity of physical, mental, and social effort
used to produce goodsandservicesintheeconomy(Amadeo
et al., 2020). It is seen human effort towards production
process. It supplies the expertise, personnel, and service
needed to turn raw materials into finished products and
services. In return, workers are paid to buy goods and
services that they do not produce themselves.
Incentives are techniques by which employers fulfill their
contracts to the employees by compensating positiveefforts
in an organization (Ude and Coker, 2012). It further implies
that incentive entails any payment or programme initiated
by an establishment to elicit a positive attitude from the
workers. It is expected that incentives should stimulate
increase performance from the employees. Supporting the
above definition, Graffin and Ebert (2013) added that
incentives are special pay programmesdesignedtomotivate
high performance. In addition, Allandi and Alkahsawnch
(2014) argued that incentives are an external persuasive
factor that encourages a motivation that positively directs
the individual to work harder, matching the institution's
performance to get the incentive.
Financial incentives are conventionallyestablishedtosatisfy
basic human needs, stirring workers to do their bestofwork
performance, recruiting theircapabilities,andincreasing the
level of their competencies such as salary, bonuses,
allowances, profit sharing, and rewards. Arguing on this,
Lawzi (1995) maintained that financial incentive remains
one of the most crucial forms of incentive given to workers.
Elumah (2016) examined the impact of financial incentives
and moral incentives on employees' organizational
performance at Nigerian universities. Their findings have
shown that there is an adequate level of incentive for
employees in Nigerian universities. Financial incentives
ranked 1st, while moral incentives ranked 2nd. It has also
been revealed that there is a high level of organisational
performance when workers are motivated with incentives.
Amadeo et al. (2017) also argued that the incentive provides
additional compensation for those employees who perform
well. It seeks to link additional compensation to employee
productivity as directly as possible. They are defined as
"variable rewards granted according to variations in the
achievement of specific outcomes."
Staff Promotion
Staff promotion requires the movement of an individual to
higher positions (Naveed,Usman&Bushra,2011).Itentailsa
rise in salaries, positions, duties, standing, and benefits.This
element of work is what drives workers the most. The
ultimate reward for dedication and loyalty to the
organisation. Theoretically, promotion requires more work
and effort in the workplace. These promotional decisions,
based on organisational policies, are taken on a variety of
aspects. These may include the length of service,experience,
seniority, performance, etc. As a result, there are four
different types of employee development promotions.
Promotion may be used as an incentive tool. It is a way of
rewarding employees for meeting organisational objectives
and thus serves as a means of synchronizing organisational
objectives with personal objectives (Lazear& Rosen, 2011).
According to Lu, Li, and Chen (2019), the decisive factor for
any individual's position in the hierarchy is his talent; the
higher the level of talent in any individual, the higher his
position in the hierarchy. The promotion has its significance
due to the fact that it brings with it a significantchangeinthe
employee's wage package (Lu, Li, & Chen, 2019). Thus, a
salary increase indicates the value of the promotion.
Staff capacity is an ability to learn or do something, and
building up is an increase in the amount of work overtime
(Ugwoke, 2011). Building the capacity of an employee in an
organisational process is also a conscious attempt to
upgrade, renovate and acquire skills, capabilities and
strategies that must constantly increase with time and
enableemployeestorespondappropriatelyto organisational
dynamics, including professional training, task delivery,
effective use of work materials, and the provision of an
effective role model (Gimba, 2010). Ugwoke (2011) further
describes the capacity building astheacquisitionoftheskills
and expertise required by employees to engage completely
in the day-to-day organisational activities. Chukwu (2009)
explained that career improvement or ability building is the
professional advancement that the employee experiences
due to an expansion in expertise and a comprehensive
review of his or her tasks. He also said that it was a life-long
journey and not a thing once in a lifetime.
Capacity building is a method of improving and enhancing
the expertise, capabilities, processes, and services that
organisations and societies need to sustain, evolve and
succeed in a rapidly evolving environment (Ojokuku and
Adejare, 2014).Technical expertise and efficiency toachieve
the objectives set are defined as human capital or capability
development (Obadan and Adubi 2018). Human resource
growth plays a key position in organisations' efforts to
improve efficiency. The economies of developing and
industrialised countries focus on human resource
production, which will require creating the mechanism of
inculcating the necessary skills (Khayinga&Muathe, 2018).
Failure to build human resources renders it difficult for
employers to produce the standard of goods thatconsumers
require.
Concomitant with this view, Khayinga&Muathe (2018)
argued that there was a positive connectionbetweenhuman
capital development and business performance to maintain
and maintain the flow of skills that the organisation has to
invest in human capital in order to curb the mass exodus of
people from outside the country looking for jobs and
patients being treated outside the country whiletheycan get
treatment.
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In another study conducted by Ojokuku and Adejare (2014)
on the effect of capacity building and human resources
growth on staff efficiency in selected organisations in
Nigeria.' Capacity building and the production of personnel
have been identified as key to organisational development.
Again, Usman (2016) observed that low morale among staff
could contributetopooreducationalresourcesmanagement.
There is a need to inspire staffbyrewardsandcompensation
while researching the role of staff incentives to operate
public schools. He also clarified that the various problems
currently facing the education system in Nigeria, such as
cultism, investigation of malpractice, substance misuse,
indiscipline, constant low academic results, seem to mean
that teachers have not performed theirjobasanticipated. He
added that if rewards do not inspire teachers,their qualityof
employment will be poor, which would hinder educational
objectives. (Usman, 2016).
Statement of the Problem
There is no question that low results, lack of loyalty, and
commitment among employees have become a subject of
concern and discussion among government officials,private
organisations and the general public. Symposia, workshops,
and conventions have dominated the challenge of how to
increase the efficiency of staff in Rivers State public
corporation. There is a general feeling that Nigerian
employees are tired, idle, slow to behave, unconcerned, and
deceitful in their behaviour. The concern, however, is the
shortage of encouragement for employees in the form of
bonuses and the infringement of labour force packages.
The public sector is responsible for implementing the
policies and programmesofthegovernment. Jobs workingin
the public sector are skilled personnel from diverse fields of
study, based on their employed company. In the first place,
the government wants them to work for the achievement of
aims and objectives. The curious existence of the job
performed by governmentworkershasgivenrise tobonuses
based on the amount of productivity of a single employee.
However, it is regrettable that certain city officials are often
ignored or relegated to the past in issues concerning their
health and morality. As important as an opportunity to
organisation, surveys have shown that certainorganisations
have failed to include benefits to employees for purposes
better understood to managementinparticularpublicsector
organizations.
Workers' training has been a fantasy for many workers. The
Christmas incentive regime hasstoppedandsomeother ugly
experiences the staff encounter. In the face of these
problems, the public sector in Rivers State continues to
decline, and citizens no longer have confidence and trust in
public corporations. After detailed studies on motivation
issues, the researcher found thatthereislittlestudywhether
there is one in the field of labour opportunity and
operational competitiveness in the Rivers State Public
Sector. It is against this background that this research has
been painstaking in examining the impact of financial
rewards, employee promotion,andstaffcapacitybuilding on
the organisational development of government public
corporations in Rivers State.
Research Objectives
The study aims to examine the influence of labor incentives
on organizational growthinRiversState publiccorporations.
The specific objectives are:
1. To examine the influence of financial incentive on
organizational growth in Rivers State public
corporation?
2. To examine the influence of staff promotion on
organizational growth in Rivers State public
corporation?
3. To examine the influence of staff human capacity
building on organizational growth in Rivers Statepublic
corporation?
Research Questions
The following research questions are posed to guide the
study:
1. To what extent do financial incentive influence
organizational growth in Rivers State public
corporation?
2. To what extent do staff promotion incentives influence
organizational growth in Rivers State public
corporation?
3. To what extent do staff human capacity building
influence organizational growth in Rivers State public
corporation?
Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were formulated to guide the
study:
1. There is no significant relationship between financial
incentive and organizational growth in Rivers State
public corporation.
2. There is no significant relationship between staff
promotion and organizational growth in Rivers State
public corporation.
3. There is no significant relationshipbetweenstaffhuman
capacity building and organizational growth in Rivers
State public corporation.
Theoretical Framework
The thesis is focused on the Dual-Factor TheoryofHerzberg.
The philosophy explains the desires of fulfillment and
disappointment. Frederick Herzberg lookedat inspirationin
the context of work material. Motivating the workers is a
two-step procedure that ensures sanitation and then
motivates it (Tampu&Cochina,2015).Onespectrumextends
from no pleasure to satisfaction (Herzberg 1966). The other
scale extends from disappointment to dissatisfaction.
Satisfaction arises frommotivatorsthatareinherentorwork
material, such as progression inacknowledgmentofsuccess,
obligation, work itself, and potential for development.
Herzberg uses the expression motivator for work satisfiers
when it involves the content of the job and the happiness
that comes from it.
Motivators are known to be career turn-ons. They are
important for significant changes in jobs' efficiency and for
taking the workforce beyond happiness to higher
performance (Borman, 2010). Motivators lead to Maslow's
higher-level desires for appreciation and self-actualization.
Dissatisfaction happens when the following hygiene
considerations, extrinsic or occupational, are not present at
work: wage status, workplace protection, working
conditions, business policies, peerrelations,andsupervision
(Herzberg, 2016). Herzberg uses the word "hygiene" for
these aspects since they are therapeutic in nature, Cacana
(2015). They cannot inspire, but they will discourage
motivation from happening while they are missing. Hygiene
considerations should be perceived to be work-on and they
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allow the staff to remain at work. Once these reasons are
provided, they do not encourage motivation; yet their
absence will lead to workers' discontent (Adeyomo, 2010).
Hygiene considerations refer to Maslow's physiological,
protection and social requirements in that they are extrinsic
or incidental to work. They are there in the context of work
in the work world. Motivation derives from the worker's
feeling to achieve job content rather than forming
environmental conditions or employment circumstances
(Cacana, 2015). Motivators inspire the workers to perform
their utmost. Work enrichment should be utilized to fulfill
higher-level demands. In order to enrich a job, the boss can
set new or more challenging tasks, delegate specific tasks to
individuals that allow them to become specialists, or give
additional authority to the workforce (Robbins, 2011). This
supports the belief that facets of leadership, such as staff
preparation and self-reliance, lead to employees'motivation
and competitiveness. The reason for utilising thehypothesis
is that it addresses some of the purposes of the analysis and
refers to the shortcomings of the Maslow hierarchy in the
theory of human needs. The theory acknowledges that
empowering staff by methods such as career and personal
growth and encouraging employees to have more authority
in their jobs contributes to encouragement and,
subsequently, to greater efficiency.
METHODOLOGY
The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational
design. The study adopted descriptive because it sampled
the opinion of the respondents on labour incentivevariables
and applied a correlational design in order to relate the
labour incentive variables with organizational growth. The
study population was 202 staff of Tide Newspaper
Corporation and 176 staff of Radio Rivers Corporation in
Rivers State, making 376 respondents of the two
corporations. The study's sample size was 194 respondents
selected from the two (2) public corporationsusingtheTaro
Yamane formula. A purposive sampling technique was
adopted for the study. The instrument used was a
researcher-developed questionnaire titled ‘Labour
Incentives and Organisational Growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation Questionnaire (LIOGRSPCQ). The instrument
was considered valid by two experts in Measurement and
Evaluation, where the face and content validity was
determined. The instrument's reliability was done using the
Test Re-Test reliability methodanddeterminedusingat0.68
Cronbach Alpha.
The instrument was administeredbytheresearcherandtwo
assistants to the supposed respondents of the two
Corporations. Data collected from the field was analysed
using Mean and Standard Deviation for the research
questions, while regression was used to test the significance
level of the relationship between the independent variable
and dependent variables.
RESULTS
Research Question One: To what extent do financial incentives influence organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation?
Table 1: Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation on the extent financial incentive influence
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation
N=182, Criterion=2.5
S/N Items VHE HE LE VLE Mean SD Remark
Direct Financial Incentive
1 Robust Salary Package 62 80 40 -- 3.12 0.74 High Extent
2 Profits 80 81 21 -- 3.32 0.67 High Extent
3 Commission 101 61 20 -- 3.45 0.69 High Extent
Indirect Incentive
4 Stock options 81 81 13 7 3.30 0.77 High Extent
5 Compensation 59 80 22 21 2.97 0.95 High Extent
6 Profit sharing 61 101 20 -- 3.23 0.63 High Extent
7 Insurance, 61 61 60 -- 3.01 0.82 High Extent
8 Retirement plans 81 61 20 20 3.12 0.99 High Extent
9 Overtime pay 72 60 50 -- 3.12 0.81 High Extent
10 Attendance incentives 102 60 20 -- 3.45 0.69 High Extent
11 Competition 121 61 -- -- 3.66 0.47 High Extent
12 Contest incentives 85 60 19 18 3.16 0.97 High Extent
Grand Mean 3.24 0.77 High Extent
Table 1 showed the extent financial incentive influence organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The table
showed that robust salary package (Mean=3.12, SD=0.74), profits (Mean=3.32, SD=0.67), commission (Mean=3.45, SD=0.69),
stock options (Mean=3.30, SD=0.77), compensation (Mean=2.97, SD=0.95), profit sharing (Mean=3.23, SD=0.63), Insurance,
(Mean=3.01, SD=0.82), retirement plans (Mean=3.12, SD=0.99), overtime pay (Mean=3.12, SD=0.81), attendance incentives
(Mean=3.45, SD=0.69), Competition (Mean=3.66, SD=0.47), contest incentives (Mean=3.16, SD=0.97) all influence
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation.
Research Question Two: To what extent dostaff promotion incentivesinfluence organizational growth in Rivers StatePublic
Corporation?
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Table 2: Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation on the extent staff promotion incentive influence
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation
N=182, Criterion=2.5
S/N Items VHE HE LE VLE Mean SD Remark
13
Given employees,the opportunity to advance
in their career leads to organizational growth
42 120 20 -- 3.12 0.57 High Extent
14
Promoting employees timely leads to
organizational growth
101 81 -- -- 3.55 0.50 High Extent
15
Rewarding employees for work well through
promotion enhances organizational growth
20 162 -- -- 3.11 0.31 High Extent
16
Boosting employees’ morale through
promotion influences organizational growth
61 101 20 -- 3.23 0.63 High Extent
17
Recognizing talents and leadership potentials
in employees, thus elevating their status in the
organisation leads to organizational growth
61 61 60 - 3.01 0.82 High Extent
GrandMean 3.20 0.57 High Extent
Table 2 showed the extent to staff promotion incentive influence organizational growthinRiversState PublicCorporation.The
table showed that given employees opportunity to advance intheircareer(Mean=3.12,SD=0.57),promotingemployeestimely
(Mean=3.55, SD=0.50), rewarding employees for work well through promotion (Mean=3.11, SD= 0.31), boosting employees’
morale through promotion (Mean=3.23, SD=0.63), recognizing talents and leadership potentials in employees and elevating
their status thereafter (Mean=3.01, SD=0.82) in the organisation all influences organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation.
Research Question Three: To what extent does staff human capacity building influenceorganizationalgrowthinRiversState
Public Corporation?
Table 2: Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation on the extent staff human capacity building
influence organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation
N=182, Criterion=2.5
S/N Items VHE HE LE VLE Mean SD Remark
17 Preliminary training 61 101 -- 20 3.12 0.87 High Extent
18 In-service training 81 61 20 20 3.12 0.99 High Extent
19 Workshop 81 60 41 -- 3.22 0.79 High Extent
20 Seminars 102 60 20 -- 3.45 0.69 High Extent
21 Symposium 96 70 16 -- 3.44 0.65 High Extent
22 Skill acquisition development 88 78 16 -- 3.40 0.65 High Extent
23 Technical training 42 120 20 -- 3.12 0.57 High Extent
24 Mentor-mentee training 101 81 -- -- 3.55 0.50 High Extent
25 Staff educational advancements 20 160 -- -- 3.11 0.31 High Extent
GrandMean 3.28 0.67 High Extent
Table 3 showed the extent staff human capacity development influences organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation. The table showed that preliminary training (Mean=3.12, SD=0.87), In-service training (Mean=3.12,SD=0.99),
workshop (Mean=3.22, SD=0.79), seminars (Mean=3.45, SD= 0.69), symposium (Mean=3.44, SD= 0.65), skill
acquisition and development (Mean=3.40, SD=0.65), technical/ICT training (Mean=3.12, SD=0.57), mentor-mentee training
(Mean=3.55, SD=0.50), staff educational advancement (Mean=3.11, SD=0.31) all influences organizational growth in Rivers
State Public Corporation.
Testing of Hypotheses
HO1: There is no significant relationship between financial incentive and organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation.
Table 4: Summary of regression on the relationship between financial incentive and organizational growth in
Rivers State Public Corporation
A. Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .598a .358 .354 1.51267
a. Predictors: (Constant), Financial Incentive
B. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 229.698 1 229.698 100.386 .000b
Residual 411.868 180 2.288
Total 641.566 181
a. Dependent Variable: Organisational Growth
b. Predictors: (Constant), Financial Incentive
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C. Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients T Sig.
95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound
1
(Constant) 48.807 1.568 31.128 .000 45.713 51.901
Financial Incentive -.953 .095 -.598 -10.019 .000 -1.141 -.765
a. Dependent Variable: Organisational Growth
Table A above showed the coefficient of relationship between financial incentive and organizational growth in Rivers State
Public Corporation is 0.598 while the R-squared value is 0.358, indicating that financial incentive relates positively with
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The table also showed that staff development accounts for only
35.8% (0.358x100) relationships with Rivers State Public Corporation's organizational growth. Meaning that the remaining
64.2% organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation is explained by other variables not included in the model.
The F-statistic on table B shows that there is a significant relationship between financial incentive and organizational growth
in Rivers State Public Corporation F1, 180=100.386, p<.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis one was rejectedat0.05 alphalevel.
The regression equation y=48.807+0.953x indicating that an increase in financial incentive will lead to an increase in the
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. Also, in Part C, the column label t under Financial Incentive(10.019)
confirmed F-statistics's significance with Sig<0.05.
Ho2:There is no significant relationship between staff promotionandorganizational growthinRiversState PublicCorporation.
Table 5: Summary of regression on the relationship between staff promotion and organizational growth in Rivers
State Public Corporation
A. Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .902a .814 .813 .81325
a. Predictors: (Constant), Staff Promotion Incentive
B. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 522.520 1 522.520 790.059 .003b
Residual 119.046 180 .661
Total 641.566 181
a. Dependent Variable: Organisational Growth
b. Predictors: (Constant), Staff Promotion Incentive
C. Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients T Sig.
95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound
1
(Constant) 12.951 .721 17.971 .003 11.529 14.373
Staff Promotion
Incentive
1.260 .045 .902 28.108 .003 1.172 1.349
a. Dependent Variable: Organisational Growth
Table A above showed the coefficient of relationship between staff promotion incentive and organizational growth in Rivers
State Public Corporation is 0.902 while the R-squared value is0.814,indicatingthat staffpromotionincentive relatespositively
with organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The table also showed that staff promotion incentives account
for only 81.4% (0.814x100) relationship with organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. Meaning that the
remaining 18.6% organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation is explained by other variables not included in the
model.
The F-statistic on table B above shows that there is a significant relationship between staff promotion incentive and
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation F1, 180=790.059, p<.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis one was
rejected at 0.05 alpha level. The regression equation y=12.9511+1.260xindicatingthat anincreaseinstaffpromotionincentive
will lead to an increase in the organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. Also,inPartC,thecolumnlabeltunder
staff promotion incentive (28.108) confirmed the significance of F-statistics with Sig<0.05.
Ho3:There is no significant relationship between staff human capacity building and organizational growth in Rivers State
Public Corporation.
Table 6: Summary of regression on the relationship between staff human capacity building and organizational
growth in Rivers State Public Corporation
A. Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .754a .568 .566 1.24066
a. Predictors: (Constant), Staff Human Capacity Development
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B. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 364.502 1 364.502 236.807 .002b
Residual 277.063 180 1.539
Total 641.566 181
a. Dependent Variable: Organisational Growth
b. Predictors: (Constant), Staff Human Capacity Development
C. Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients T Sig.
95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound
1
(Constant) 5.643 1.789 3.154 .002 2.113 9.173
Staff Human Capacity
Development
1.606 .104 .754 15.389 .002 1.400 1.812
a. Dependent Variable: Organisational Growth
Table A above showed the coefficient of relationship between staff human capacity developmentandorganizationalgrowthin
Rivers State Public Corporation is 0.754 while the R-squared value is 0.568, indicating that staff human capacity development
relates positively with organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The table also showed that staff human
capacity development accounts for only 56.8% (0.568x100) relationship with organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation. Meaning that the remaining 43.2% organizational growthinRiversState PublicCorporationisexplainedbyother
variables not included in the model.
The F-statistic on table B shows that there is a significant relationship between staff human capacity development and
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation F1, 180=236.807, p<.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis three was
rejected at 0.05 alpha level. The regression equation y=5.643+1.606x is indicating that an increase in staff human capacity
development will lead to an increase in the organizational growthinRiversStatePublicCorporation.Also,inPartC,thecolumn
label t under staff human capacity development (15.389) confirmed F-statistics's significance with Sig<0.05.
Discussion of Findings
The study examined the relationship between financial
incentives and organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation. The result indicated that financial incentive via
variables such as robust salary package,profits,commission,
insurance, compensation, among others, influences
organizational growth in Rivers State PublicCorporation. Its
corresponding hypothesis showed that there is a significant
relationship between financial incentive and organizational
growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study is in
line with the study of Al-Nsour (2012), who investigated the
impact of financial and moralonorganizational performance
for the Jordan University employees, which showed a
connection between financial and moral incentives and
organizational performance. The study also agreeswiththat
of Novianty and Evita (2018), whose study showed that
financial incentives positively affected employees’
motivation. This is so because when the employees are
motivated, there seems to be growingin almosteveryarea of
the organisation.
The study examined the relationship between staff
promotion and organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation. The study showed that staff promotion
influences organizational growth in Rivers State Public
Corporation. Secondly, there is a significant relationship
between staff promotion and organizational growth in
Rivers State Public Corporation.
The study investigated the relationshipbetweenstaffhuman
capacity development oganizational growth in Rivers State
Public Corporation. The study found that staff human
capacity development programmes such as preliminary
training, in-service training, workshops, seminars,
symposium, technical/ICT training among others, enhance
organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation.
Also, there is a significant relationship between staff human
capacity building and organizational growth in Rivers State
Public Corporation. The study complies with that of
Khayinga and Muathe (2018), which showed that there was
a positive link between Human Capital Development and
firms performance, so to retain and maintain the flow of
skills, the organization needs to invest in human capital to
curb the mass exodus of people going outside the country to
look for jobs and patients beingtakenoutsidethecountry for
treatment while they can get the same service within. It also
complied with the study of Ojokuku and Adejare (2014) on
the impact of capacity building and manpower development
on staff performance in selected organisations in Nigeria
which found that capacity building and manpower
development on staff performance in selected organisations
in Nigeria.
Conclusion
The study investigated labour incentives and organisational
growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study found
that there existsa positive relationship between financial
incentive, staff promotion and staff human capacity
development and organisational growth in Rivers State
Public Corporation, respectively.Thestudyfurthershoweda
significant relationship between financial incentive, staff
promotion and staff human capacity development, and
organisational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation.
Recommendation
From the results of the study, the researcher found it
necessary to recommend the followings;
1. As financial incentivesenhanceorganisationalgrowth,it
is important to increase all necessary financial rights of
the staff for higher productivity.
2. Staff should be promoted on time in order to motivate
them and gaining their maximum delivery.
3. Organisational growth is highly dependent on staff
human capacity development; thus programmes that
enhance the overall development of staff should be
organized from time to time.
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38699 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 221
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