The document discusses several topics related to global environmental issues:
1. It outlines the main greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFCs and their respective contribution percentages and lifespan in the atmosphere.
2. It describes the effects of global warming such as rising average global temperatures, sea level rise which can flood coastal areas and disrupt ecosystems.
3. It discusses climate change impacts like changes in weather patterns, temperature increases between 1.5-5.5°C by 2050, sea level rise inundating cities and farmland.
4. It covers ozone layer depletion from CFCs and other gases, the formation of the o
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The causes and effects of climate changeColin Mattis
The document gives an introduction to climate change. it gives a definition for weather, climate and climate change. it gives the causes and effects of climate change and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate climate change.
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The causes and effects of climate changeColin Mattis
The document gives an introduction to climate change. it gives a definition for weather, climate and climate change. it gives the causes and effects of climate change and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate climate change.
Global climate change Refers to changes in any aspects of the earth’s climate including temperature, precipitation and storm intensity and patterns.
Global warming is an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.
Historical Geography expert John Slifko, PhD, presents a brief overview of the History of Climate Change over the years including new research and discoveries up to the 2013 year
Global climate change Refers to changes in any aspects of the earth’s climate including temperature, precipitation and storm intensity and patterns.
Global warming is an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.
Historical Geography expert John Slifko, PhD, presents a brief overview of the History of Climate Change over the years including new research and discoveries up to the 2013 year
Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
They relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment, which are loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.
Climate Change:
Definitions: USA EPA!
Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer.
History:
20 hottest years in the last and present century occurred after 1980.
KYOTO PROTOCOL
On February 2005 KYOTO PROTOCOL came into force in most of the 169 countries of the world.
It was decided that by 2010 GHG emissions would be reduced by 5.2% below 1990 level.
Causes:
Constantly emitting GHGs are the prime cause of it.
1.Water vapor (H. 2O)
2.Carbon dioxide (CO2)
3.Methane (CH4)
4.Nitrous oxide (N2O)
5.Ozone (O3)
6.Chloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs)
Effects:
Ill health of mother earth.
Future:
A darker future awaits for us if we don't take rationale steps right now.
Global Warming is one of the biggest global problem.It is affecting us and the environment day by day.
The Presesentation consists of the causes of global warming, the effects and then finally will tell you the solutions of it so that we can save the earth and the environment.
Plenary 1 - The Science of Climate Changerbulalakaw
Presentation of Dr. Tolentino Moya, Professor, Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, during the UP Manila Conference on Global Climate Change, held October 22-23, 2009 at the Pearl Garden Hotel, Manila.
Climate Change is major thing of Environment, which we should know about it. It's effect is dangerous that many people don't think about it. I upload this PDF for encourage the students and their knowledge.
3. 55% contributor to Global
Warming & 500 yrs life span
18% contributor to
Global Warming
(GW) and 7-10 yrs
life span
6% contributor
and 140-190 yrs
life span
1000 yrs life span
CFC’S
24% Contributor &
life span of 110 yrs
4. GLOBAL WARMING
Presences of GHE, avg. global
temperature is 15°C.
In absences of them it would be -
18°C.
Therefore GHE, contributes 33°C
temperature rise.
Two Important GHG’s are Water
Vapour & CO2.
BCoz of excess GHG’s, scientist worry
about incraese in avg temp. more
than 15°C.
Causes due to Deforestration,
Anthropogenic activities like fossil
fuel burning.
This leads to Sea Level Rise.
5.
6.
7. SEA LEVEL
RISE
In the last century 15-20 cm rise in
se level has been witnessed.
IPCC projected rise in between 18
and 59cms.
Reasons:
1)Thermal Expansion2)Melting of Ice
End of 21st Century, rise is expected
to be between 0.56 and 2m.
Melting of Greenlands & West
Antarctica – 6m rise.
Causes:
Flooding of Coastal
areas like Bangladesh,
Mumbai, Lakshadweep
Disturb Spawning
grounds.
Disturb Coastal
Fisheries.
Flooding agriculture
lands & low land.
Increases Soil Erosion
Increases Salinity of
aquifers & Estuaries.
Inundate large areas of
Wetlands.
8.
9. CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Climate is the average weather of an area.
2. The Intergovernmental panel of Climate Change (IPCC) – 1990 & 1992
published the best available evidence about past climate change, GHE
and Global Warming during the geological times.
3. Anthropogenic activities – Upset Hydrological Cycle, Results in flood
and Drought, causes sea level rise, changes in agriculture productivity,
famines, death of humans & livestock.
4. The global changes in temperature will not be uniform everywhere and
will fluctuate in different regions.
5. Poles experience 2 to 3 times more warming than the global average,
while warming in the tropics may be only 50 to 100% on an average.
10. Earth’s Temperature will rise in between 1.5°C to 5.5°C
by 2050.
Impact on Human Environment
1. Global Temperature Increase:
11. 2. Rise in Sea Level:
Expanding of water due to
increase in temperature.
•Melting of Polar Ice Caps.
•Increase in Global Sea
Level by 0.2-1.5 metres
over the next 50-100 years.
•One meter rise will
inundate Sydney, Bangkok,
Cairo etc, Agricultural
Lands of Bangladesh, India,
China will effect rice
production.
•Lives of many people living
near these cities.
12. 3. Effects on Human
Health:
Spread of Diseases like
Filariasis, Elephantiasis,
Malaria etc.
As the Vectors spreading
these diseases will be
increase in no. due to
stagnation of water and
high temperature to
survive(Mosquitoes, Snails
Etc).
Increase in Respiratory and
Skin Diseases due to high
temp. & Humidity.
13. 4. Effect on
Agriculture:
•Soil Moisture will
decrease & evapo-
transpiration will
increase – affecting
wheat and maize
production.
•Increase in pest no.
due to high temp. &
Humidity.
•To cope up this pest,
heat and drought
resistant varieties to be
developed.
16. Atmospheric Ozone measured using Dobson
Spectrophotometer and expressed in Dobson
Units(DU).
Temperate Latitudes = 350 DU
Tropics = 250 DU
Sub- Polars = 450 DU
Ozone Hole:
An undeniable problem in Antarctica
Researcher Joseph Farman had been collecting
atmospheric data at Halley Bay, Antarctica since
1957. Every year he sent a team of research
assistants to measure ozone levels and
concentrations of trace gases like CFCs.
In 1982, his ozone reading showed a dramatic dip
— around 40%. Rather than being alarmed, he was
skeptical of the data and thought it must be an
instrument malfunction.
19. Effects of Ozone Depletion
1. Mutation in the DNA – Hereditary Problems.
2. Skin Cancer.
3. UV absorbed by lens and Cornea – Cataract.
4. Melanin in skin destroyed by the UV.
5. Decrease in Phytoplankton Population – Later
impacting the ecosystem.
6. Yield of crops like corn, rice, soyabean, cotton etc
are decreased.
7. Degradation of Paints, Plastics and other polymer
material will result in economic loss due to UV rays.
21. Facts:
Forest Cover in Total World in 1900 was 7000 Million
Hectares, but in 1975 – 2980 Million Hectares and in
2000 – 2300 Million Hectares.
Due to global efforts in 2010 it increased to 4033
Million Hectares.
In next 60 years about 90% of the tropical forests will
be destroyed.
India’s Forest cover is 21.02%.(2009 Forest Report)
22. Major Causes of Deforestation
Shifting Cultivation
Fuel Requirement
Raw Material for Industrial Use
Developmental Projects.
Growing Food Needs.
Over Grazing
Forest Fires.
23. Consequences
Extinction of Species due to
habitat loss.
Hydrological Cycle effected
thereby effecting rainfall.
Soil Erosion and loss of soil
fertility.
Landslides in hilly areas.
Moe Carbon is added into the
atmosphere, thereby enhancing
Global Warming.
25. Productive Potential of Arid & Semi-Arid lands falls
by 10% or more.
Moderate Desertification – 10-25% drop in
productivity.
Severe – 25 – 50%
Very Severe – more than 50%
Consequences:
Loss of Vegetation
Ground water depletion
Salinization and severe soil erosion
26. Causes of Desertification
Natural Phenomena – Climate Change
Anthropogenic Factors
1. Deforestation
2. Over Grazing
3. Mining and Quarrying.
