The document discusses global climate change and summarizes the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC concludes that warming of the climate is occurring and is very likely due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. The IPCC reports observe increasing global temperatures, melting ice and snow, and rising sea levels. Greenhouse gas levels are at the highest levels in hundreds of thousands of years and will likely cause continued warming and sea level rise for centuries. The document also notes potential effects like increased wildfires, species extinctions, and more severe heat waves.

1. Global Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Change
Both the joke and theBoth the joke and the
reality.reality.
By : Khawar NehalBy : Khawar Nehal
14 June 201314 June 2013
http://atrc.net.pkhttp://atrc.net.pk

3. Global Climate
Change
• Identifiable change in the climate of
Earth as a whole that lasts for an
extended period of time (decades or
longer)
– When due to natural processes, it is usually
referred to as global climate variability
– Usually refers to changes forced by human
activities that change the atmosphere

4. What causes Earth’sWhat causes Earth’s
climate to change?climate to change?
 Changes in the atmosphereChanges in the atmosphere
 Natural processesNatural processes
 VolcanoesVolcanoes
 Tectonic plate movementTectonic plate movement
 Changes in the sunChanges in the sun
 Human activities – any activity that releasesHuman activities – any activity that releases
“greenhouse gases” into the atmosphere“greenhouse gases” into the atmosphere

5. What areWhat are
greenhousegreenhouse
gases?gases?Any gases that cause the “greenhouseAny gases that cause the “greenhouse
effect!”effect!”
Imagine… a car on a cool but sunny day…

9. Research
• Almost 1000 studies
dealing with different
aspects of climate change
have been conducted and
published
• So… how do we make
sense of all this?

10. Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
 Why was it created?
 Created in 1988 by
the United Nations
Environmental
Program
 Established to
provide policy-
makers with an
objective source of
information about
climate change

11. Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
 Who is it?
 Governments
 Members of the UN
 Participate by naming
experts and reviewing the
reports before they’re
published
 Scientists
 Close to 1000 scientists
 Climatologists, ecologists,
atmospheric physicists, and
others
Dr. Susan Solomon, a NOAA atmospheric chemist,
an IPCC member and one author of IPCC summary

12. Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
 What do they do?
 Review current scientific and technical
literature relevant to global climate change
 Provide reports on their findings at regular
intervals
 Reports are designed to be politically
neutral and of high scientific and technical
standards

13. How do they create their
reports?
It’s a multi-step process…

15. IPCC – Words Used in Reports
 When they discuss data:
 Very high confidence to very low
confidence that the data is accurate
 When they discuss the likelihood of
something occurring:
 Virtually certain to exceptionally unlikely

17. Observed
Changes and Effects

18. Warming of Climate
• Warming of the climate is definitely
occurring and can be observed by the:
– Increases in global sea and air temperatures
– Widespread melting of snow and ice
– Rising global sea level

20. Temperature Change Data
1880-1884

21. 1880-18841886-1890

22. 1896-1900

23. 1906-1910

24. 1916-1920

25. 1926-1930

26. 1936-1940

27. 1946-1950

28. 1956-1960

29. 1966-1970

30. 1976-1980

31. 1986-1990

32. 1996-2000

33. 2003-2007

34. Now for a shot of reality
Here is the graph of the global temperature
over the whole period.
Notice the IPCC selects only the increasing
sets to show that the difference is positive.
It also selects a negative difference to show
that circa 1880 it is cooling and heating less
than now.

36. Now for a killer shot of reality
Please see the longer term temperature of
the planet and understand that extinction and
change are normal conditions for this planet.
If humans are here or not, it would not make
much difference to the planet as a whole.
The difference with or without humans is a lot
more than anything we are doing so far.

40. Now back to what IPCC wants to
say

41. Other Observed Changes and Effects
• 89% of current changes in ecosystems are
consistent with changes expected due to global
climate change
• Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
levels in atmosphere have increased greatly
due to human activities since 1750 and now far
exceed previous levels
• Carbon dioxide has increased by
approximately 80% since 1970

42. Human-Produced Greenhouse Gas Levels

43. Causes of Change

44. Most of the observed increase in
global average temperature since
the mid-20th
century is very likely
due to the observed increase in
human-caused greenhouse gas
concentrations and human
influences have very likely
contributed to sea level rise, too.

45. Notice the use of the term “Very
likely” when they know that it is
not the case.

47. • Warming and sea level rise will continue and
will probably occur more quickly than what
we’ve already seen
• Even if greenhouse gases are stabilized, this
will probably continue to occur for centuries
• Some effects may be permanent

48. • Notice they state the truth.
• Sea levels will continue to rise (and fall).
Probably (they do not know) more quickly.
Which means maybe.
• Centuries of warming is not related to
greenhouse gases but we can assume our lie
and run it for many centuries or try to fool
you to do things our way.

49. • Effects on Ecosystems
– Coral systems cannot handle higher temperatures
well
– Wildfires will increase
– Up to 30% of species will be at increased risk for
extinction due to the rapid changes in their
ecosystems

50. • Yes, we saw that things go extinct. Like the trilobites and
the dinosaurs which humans were not around to save. And
there is nothing we can do except keep a copy of the DNA
to create a life form in the future.
• How will the dodo bird survive a saber-tooth tiger in the
future if it cannot even survive a cat. So even if we can
replicate them in the future. We can only keep them in a
zoo or as pets.

51. • Effects in North America
– Warming in western mountains: several effects
– Increased rain: will actually help some crops
– Heat waves will increase in number, length, and
intensity
– Coastal communities will be affected by
increased flooding and storms

53. There are several types of options…
• Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases
• Attempt to develop alternatives energies
• Allow emission to continue, but prepare for
global climate changes
• Allow emissions to continue as normal and
leave preparations up to individual
countries
• Combine any of these ideas
• Come up with your own unique plan!

54. There are several types of options…
• And it won't make a difference because the
theory is a lie from the beginning.
• Find out who is pushing it and why. Then
you can understand what economics are
behind the idea.

55. References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record

56. References
• IPCC Summary Report for Policy Makers. November 2007
• "About IPCC." IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change. 20 Apr. 2009
<http://www.ipcc.ch/about/index.htm>.
• "Climate Change | U.S. EPA." U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. 20 Apr. 2009
<http://epa.gov/climatechange/index.html>.
• Rischard, J. F. High noon twenty global problems, twenty
years to solve them. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
• "SVS Animations." NASA Goddard Scientific Visualization
Studio. 20 Apr. 2009
<http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003490/ind
ex.html>.