a simple and sophisticated presentation to understand the morphology of honey bee for the student of agriculture ,entomology of any kind of student related to zoological science field or person with common interest
This document provides information on early and late season apple diseases, their symptoms, development and control methods. It discusses diseases like apple scab, cedar apple rust, powdery mildew, sooty blotch, fly speck, black rot and white rot. It describes the symptoms of each disease on leaves and fruit. It also explains how each disease develops and is transmitted. Finally, it provides general integrated pest management strategies like site selection, canopy management, sanitation and use of resistant varieties to control apple diseases.
The document summarizes key information about flies in the insect order Diptera. It notes that Diptera have one pair of wings, with the hindwings reduced to halteres. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. As adults, they are usually strong fliers and have large, multifaceted eyes. The order is divided into the suborders Nematocera and Brachycera. Larvae generally lack legs and have chewing mouthparts, while adults feed on liquids and some transmit diseases. Both beneficial and damaging species are discussed.
Presentation (1).pptx Disease of gram and it'sshailypandey7
This document summarizes three diseases that affect gram crops:
1. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei, which appears as brown leaf spots and causes blighting. It is seed-borne and spreads during wet weather. Management includes crop rotation, seed treatment, and fungicide application.
2. Grey mold or Botrytis blight caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. It causes water-soaked lesions and spots during cool, wet conditions. It overwinters in plant debris. Management focuses on sanitation and spacing plants for air flow.
3. Wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, which blocks the
Biological control of alterneria alternataPatel Sanket
Alterneria alternata are most affecting plant pathogen to affect the plant as leaf spot and wide host range of this pathogen, for the control of this pathogen to use the chemicals pesticides but their residues effect are their, so reduce their residues effect to use the biocontrol agents and botanicals for their management.
Endoskeleton of insect's thorax & abdomenAqsa Shafique
The document summarizes the thorax and abdomen of insects. The thorax contains three segments - the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax - which are joined rigidly together. Each segment has a dorsal notum and a ventral sternum. The thorax houses the muscles for the legs and wings and contains three pairs of walking legs and two pairs of wings. The abdomen is located behind the thorax and each segment has a dorsal tergum and ventral sternum joined laterally by a pleural membrane. Sensory cerci and spiracles for respiration are also described.
Thrips are a pest that damages onions and garlic by feeding on the leaves. The adult thrips are pale yellow to gray and lay eggs in leaf epidermis. Nymphs and adults lacerate leaf tissue from between the sheath and stem to feed on oozing sap, causing small white patches. Severe infestations can cause leaves to dry from the tip downwards and distort or stunt bulbs. Management techniques include clean cultivation, flooding fields to control populations, and spraying recommended insecticides.
a simple and sophisticated presentation to understand the morphology of honey bee for the student of agriculture ,entomology of any kind of student related to zoological science field or person with common interest
This document provides information on early and late season apple diseases, their symptoms, development and control methods. It discusses diseases like apple scab, cedar apple rust, powdery mildew, sooty blotch, fly speck, black rot and white rot. It describes the symptoms of each disease on leaves and fruit. It also explains how each disease develops and is transmitted. Finally, it provides general integrated pest management strategies like site selection, canopy management, sanitation and use of resistant varieties to control apple diseases.
The document summarizes key information about flies in the insect order Diptera. It notes that Diptera have one pair of wings, with the hindwings reduced to halteres. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. As adults, they are usually strong fliers and have large, multifaceted eyes. The order is divided into the suborders Nematocera and Brachycera. Larvae generally lack legs and have chewing mouthparts, while adults feed on liquids and some transmit diseases. Both beneficial and damaging species are discussed.
Presentation (1).pptx Disease of gram and it'sshailypandey7
This document summarizes three diseases that affect gram crops:
1. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei, which appears as brown leaf spots and causes blighting. It is seed-borne and spreads during wet weather. Management includes crop rotation, seed treatment, and fungicide application.
2. Grey mold or Botrytis blight caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. It causes water-soaked lesions and spots during cool, wet conditions. It overwinters in plant debris. Management focuses on sanitation and spacing plants for air flow.
3. Wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, which blocks the
Biological control of alterneria alternataPatel Sanket
Alterneria alternata are most affecting plant pathogen to affect the plant as leaf spot and wide host range of this pathogen, for the control of this pathogen to use the chemicals pesticides but their residues effect are their, so reduce their residues effect to use the biocontrol agents and botanicals for their management.
Endoskeleton of insect's thorax & abdomenAqsa Shafique
The document summarizes the thorax and abdomen of insects. The thorax contains three segments - the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax - which are joined rigidly together. Each segment has a dorsal notum and a ventral sternum. The thorax houses the muscles for the legs and wings and contains three pairs of walking legs and two pairs of wings. The abdomen is located behind the thorax and each segment has a dorsal tergum and ventral sternum joined laterally by a pleural membrane. Sensory cerci and spiracles for respiration are also described.
Thrips are a pest that damages onions and garlic by feeding on the leaves. The adult thrips are pale yellow to gray and lay eggs in leaf epidermis. Nymphs and adults lacerate leaf tissue from between the sheath and stem to feed on oozing sap, causing small white patches. Severe infestations can cause leaves to dry from the tip downwards and distort or stunt bulbs. Management techniques include clean cultivation, flooding fields to control populations, and spraying recommended insecticides.
This document summarizes citrus scab, a fungal disease that affects citrus leaves, twigs, and fruit. The causal organism is Elsinoe fawcetti & Jenkins. Symptoms include light brown, raised circular scabs on young stems and fruits. Infection requires 3-4 hours of surface wetness. The pathogen survives on infected plant debris and fruits remain susceptible until 3 months after petaling. Control methods include pruning to improve air circulation, applying copper-based fungicides during leaf flush and up to 3 applications per season timed with flowering and fruit formation.
The document summarizes the order Hymenoptera. It belongs to the class Insecta and is characterized by membrane-winged insects including bees, ants, and wasps. Key characteristics include chewing mouthparts, modified thoraxes for flight, membranous and stiff wings coupled by hooklets, and an ovipositor modified for various functions. There are two suborders, Symphyta which includes sawflies and have caterpillar-like larvae, and Apocrita which are more behaviorally sophisticated and include parasitic wasps, bees, and ants. Many families are described including their distinguishing traits and examples of economic importance.
The document discusses various pests and diseases that affect honeybees, including Nosema, Varroa mites, tracheal mites, wax moths, small hive beetles, European foulbrood, and American foulbrood. It provides descriptions of the organisms, symptoms they cause, and potential treatment methods both chemical and natural/organic. A variety of products are also presented for preventing and treating different honeybee problems, such as essential oils, Apivar strips, Fumagilin, and Mite Away Quick Strips. Detection and monitoring techniques are explained for various pests like Varroa mites and Nosema spores.
The document describes the order and key characteristics of 29 orders of insects. It discusses their physical features such as number of wings, antennae, mouthparts, eyes and other distinguishing anatomical traits. The orders covered include Thysanura, Diplura, Protura, Collembola, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Grylloblattodea, Orthoptera, Phasmida, Dermaptera, Embioptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Zoraptera, Psocoptera, Mallophaga, Siphonculata, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Neuroptera, Cole
Honey is produced from nectar and honeydew collected by bees from flowers. Worker bees ingest and digest the nectar, mixing it with enzymes in their stomachs. They then regurgitate the semi-ripened honey into cells in the hive. Fanner bees help turn the semi-ripened honey into ripened honey by fanning their wings to regulate the temperature. Honey is composed primarily of fructose, glucose, and water, along with small amounts of other sugars, acids, proteins, minerals, enzymes, and aromas. It has economic importance both as a food and for use in medicines.
This document discusses the effects of light on insects. It notes that light influences growth, moulting, behavior, oviposition and pigmentation in insects. It provides examples showing some insects develop faster or lay more eggs in light or dark. It also discusses phototaxis, photoperiodism, and how light influences diurnal vs nocturnal activity in insects. The document also briefly mentions the effects of atmospheric pressure, wind, water currents and edaphic factors on insect behavior and dispersal.
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a major agricultural pest that feeds on over 250 plant species including onion, cotton, sunflower, carrot, apple, rose and citrus. It causes damage through feeding and transmission of viruses. Symptoms vary by plant but include white streaking on flowers, leaf distortion, silvering and spotting of fruits. Key predators that feed on thrips include pirate bugs of the genus Orius. Pest management involves cultural controls like removing weeds and debris and using insect screening as well as application of chemical insecticides like lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulphan, imidacloprid and profenophos.
This document discusses several major insect pests that damage sorghum crops in Pakistan. It describes the symptoms of damage caused by each pest and identifies the pest through its life stages. The pests covered include the shootfly, stem borer, pink stem borer, ear head caterpillar, shoot bug, and sorghum midge. For each, the document outlines the symptoms seen in infested plants and provides images of the pest's eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult forms. The goal is to educate IPM course and FFS participants on identifying and managing key sorghum crop insects.
This document discusses several pathogens that infect chickpea crops worldwide. It describes Ascochyta blight, a major disease caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei. It spreads via seed and pycnidiospores and prefers cool, wet conditions. Symptoms include leaf spots and stem lesions. Management includes crop rotation, seed treatment, and fungicide application. It also briefly describes several other diseases such as Fusarium wilt, dry root rot, and Botrytis gray mold, discussing their causal organisms, symptoms, and management strategies.
This document discusses various diseases that affect honey bees, including protozoan, bacterial, fungal, viral diseases and disorders. It provides details on the causal agents, symptoms, stage of infection, and management for key diseases like Nosemosis, American Foulbrood, Chalkbrood, Thai Sac Brood, Acute Bee Paralysis, Varroasis and Colony Collapse Disorder. Effective management involves the use of antibiotics, grease patties, formic acid treatments, resistant bee breeds, and sterilization of equipment. Proper beekeeping practices are important to control honey bee diseases.
Beneficial insects (bugs) are insects that perform valued services like pollination and pest control. The concept of beneficial is subjective and only arises in light of desired outcomes from a human perspective. In farming and agriculture, where the goal is to raise selected crops, insects that hinder the production process are classified as pests, while insects that assist production are considered beneficial. In horticulture and gardening; pest control, habitat integration, and 'natural vitality' aesthetics are the desired outcome with beneficial insects.
This document summarizes diseases and pests that affect honeybees, including brood diseases like American Foulbrood, European Foulbrood, Sac Brood, and Chalk Brood. It also discusses diseases of adult bees including Nosema disease caused by a protozoan. Parasites that affect honeybees are described such as Varroa mites, tracheal mites, small hive beetle, wax moth, and black bears. Prevention and treatment methods are provided for some diseases including the use of antibiotics like Terramycin and Fumadil.
This document summarizes information about wheat yellow stripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis var. tritici. It describes the pathogen's characteristics, life cycle, symptoms, favorable conditions, distribution, and management strategies. Stripe rust is most common in cooler climates and higher elevations. It can cause losses up to 100% but is typically less significant than other wheat rusts. Management involves crop rotation, resistant varieties, fungicide application, and cultural practices like mixed cropping and fertilizer management.
Presentazione corso trinchero_bugs_hotelscuolagiacosa
Nell'ambito del progetto "Il gusto della salute" allestimento e seguimento di un orto didattico biodinamico.
Costruire un bugs hotel ha permesso di lavorare sullo sviluppo di competenze multidisciplinari , seguendo il ciclo esperienziale di Pfeiffer e Jones, oltre che sperimentare un problema reale, vicino all'esperienza degli alunni e quindi, motivante e significativo.
This document summarizes citrus scab, a fungal disease that affects citrus leaves, twigs, and fruit. The causal organism is Elsinoe fawcetti & Jenkins. Symptoms include light brown, raised circular scabs on young stems and fruits. Infection requires 3-4 hours of surface wetness. The pathogen survives on infected plant debris and fruits remain susceptible until 3 months after petaling. Control methods include pruning to improve air circulation, applying copper-based fungicides during leaf flush and up to 3 applications per season timed with flowering and fruit formation.
The document summarizes the order Hymenoptera. It belongs to the class Insecta and is characterized by membrane-winged insects including bees, ants, and wasps. Key characteristics include chewing mouthparts, modified thoraxes for flight, membranous and stiff wings coupled by hooklets, and an ovipositor modified for various functions. There are two suborders, Symphyta which includes sawflies and have caterpillar-like larvae, and Apocrita which are more behaviorally sophisticated and include parasitic wasps, bees, and ants. Many families are described including their distinguishing traits and examples of economic importance.
The document discusses various pests and diseases that affect honeybees, including Nosema, Varroa mites, tracheal mites, wax moths, small hive beetles, European foulbrood, and American foulbrood. It provides descriptions of the organisms, symptoms they cause, and potential treatment methods both chemical and natural/organic. A variety of products are also presented for preventing and treating different honeybee problems, such as essential oils, Apivar strips, Fumagilin, and Mite Away Quick Strips. Detection and monitoring techniques are explained for various pests like Varroa mites and Nosema spores.
The document describes the order and key characteristics of 29 orders of insects. It discusses their physical features such as number of wings, antennae, mouthparts, eyes and other distinguishing anatomical traits. The orders covered include Thysanura, Diplura, Protura, Collembola, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Grylloblattodea, Orthoptera, Phasmida, Dermaptera, Embioptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Zoraptera, Psocoptera, Mallophaga, Siphonculata, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Neuroptera, Cole
Honey is produced from nectar and honeydew collected by bees from flowers. Worker bees ingest and digest the nectar, mixing it with enzymes in their stomachs. They then regurgitate the semi-ripened honey into cells in the hive. Fanner bees help turn the semi-ripened honey into ripened honey by fanning their wings to regulate the temperature. Honey is composed primarily of fructose, glucose, and water, along with small amounts of other sugars, acids, proteins, minerals, enzymes, and aromas. It has economic importance both as a food and for use in medicines.
This document discusses the effects of light on insects. It notes that light influences growth, moulting, behavior, oviposition and pigmentation in insects. It provides examples showing some insects develop faster or lay more eggs in light or dark. It also discusses phototaxis, photoperiodism, and how light influences diurnal vs nocturnal activity in insects. The document also briefly mentions the effects of atmospheric pressure, wind, water currents and edaphic factors on insect behavior and dispersal.
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a major agricultural pest that feeds on over 250 plant species including onion, cotton, sunflower, carrot, apple, rose and citrus. It causes damage through feeding and transmission of viruses. Symptoms vary by plant but include white streaking on flowers, leaf distortion, silvering and spotting of fruits. Key predators that feed on thrips include pirate bugs of the genus Orius. Pest management involves cultural controls like removing weeds and debris and using insect screening as well as application of chemical insecticides like lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulphan, imidacloprid and profenophos.
This document discusses several major insect pests that damage sorghum crops in Pakistan. It describes the symptoms of damage caused by each pest and identifies the pest through its life stages. The pests covered include the shootfly, stem borer, pink stem borer, ear head caterpillar, shoot bug, and sorghum midge. For each, the document outlines the symptoms seen in infested plants and provides images of the pest's eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult forms. The goal is to educate IPM course and FFS participants on identifying and managing key sorghum crop insects.
This document discusses several pathogens that infect chickpea crops worldwide. It describes Ascochyta blight, a major disease caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei. It spreads via seed and pycnidiospores and prefers cool, wet conditions. Symptoms include leaf spots and stem lesions. Management includes crop rotation, seed treatment, and fungicide application. It also briefly describes several other diseases such as Fusarium wilt, dry root rot, and Botrytis gray mold, discussing their causal organisms, symptoms, and management strategies.
This document discusses various diseases that affect honey bees, including protozoan, bacterial, fungal, viral diseases and disorders. It provides details on the causal agents, symptoms, stage of infection, and management for key diseases like Nosemosis, American Foulbrood, Chalkbrood, Thai Sac Brood, Acute Bee Paralysis, Varroasis and Colony Collapse Disorder. Effective management involves the use of antibiotics, grease patties, formic acid treatments, resistant bee breeds, and sterilization of equipment. Proper beekeeping practices are important to control honey bee diseases.
Beneficial insects (bugs) are insects that perform valued services like pollination and pest control. The concept of beneficial is subjective and only arises in light of desired outcomes from a human perspective. In farming and agriculture, where the goal is to raise selected crops, insects that hinder the production process are classified as pests, while insects that assist production are considered beneficial. In horticulture and gardening; pest control, habitat integration, and 'natural vitality' aesthetics are the desired outcome with beneficial insects.
This document summarizes diseases and pests that affect honeybees, including brood diseases like American Foulbrood, European Foulbrood, Sac Brood, and Chalk Brood. It also discusses diseases of adult bees including Nosema disease caused by a protozoan. Parasites that affect honeybees are described such as Varroa mites, tracheal mites, small hive beetle, wax moth, and black bears. Prevention and treatment methods are provided for some diseases including the use of antibiotics like Terramycin and Fumadil.
This document summarizes information about wheat yellow stripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis var. tritici. It describes the pathogen's characteristics, life cycle, symptoms, favorable conditions, distribution, and management strategies. Stripe rust is most common in cooler climates and higher elevations. It can cause losses up to 100% but is typically less significant than other wheat rusts. Management involves crop rotation, resistant varieties, fungicide application, and cultural practices like mixed cropping and fertilizer management.
Presentazione corso trinchero_bugs_hotelscuolagiacosa
Nell'ambito del progetto "Il gusto della salute" allestimento e seguimento di un orto didattico biodinamico.
Costruire un bugs hotel ha permesso di lavorare sullo sviluppo di competenze multidisciplinari , seguendo il ciclo esperienziale di Pfeiffer e Jones, oltre che sperimentare un problema reale, vicino all'esperienza degli alunni e quindi, motivante e significativo.
Entomologia - Insetti - Allergie SOS SciencesSimone Petrucci
Progetto Erasmus+ SOS Sciences.
Attività sviluppata con gli studenti delle classi III Isituto Comprensivo Perugia 3 in collaborazione con gli esperti del Laboratorio del cittadino.
2. GLI INSETTI
Gli insetti hanno il corpo diviso in
tre parti: la testa, il
torace, l’addome.
Hanno tre paia di zampe, che
partono dal torace.
Sul capo hanno un paio di
antenne, organo veramente
prezioso: esse infatti servono loro
a raccogliere gli stimoli esterni e
ad orientarsi. Per molti insetti
sono la sede del senso dell’udito
e del tatto.
La maggior parte degli insetti è
fornita di ali: due o quattro, a
seconda della specie.
4. Esercizio
Completa.
Gli insetti hanno il corpo diviso ……………………
…………………………………………………………………… .
Hanno ………..………………… paia di zampe.
Sul capo hanno un paio di ………………………….. .
Hanno quasi sempre le ……………………………… .