This document discusses the differences between accuracy and fluency in language learning. Accuracy refers to correct use of grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary and discourse. It focuses on error-free production. Fluency refers to ease, flow and comprehensibility of language. It focuses on expressing oneself without undue pauses or difficulties. Activities and materials for accuracy practice discrete items out of context, while fluency activities use authentic whole texts and simulate real-life communication, assessing information transfer over correctness. Both accuracy and fluency present issues when over-emphasized in language teaching.
This document discusses different aspects of teaching specific parts of language, including grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. For teaching grammar, it emphasizes connecting grammar points to communication contexts and focusing instruction on forms that are relevant to students' communication tasks. For teaching pronunciation, it recommends prioritizing problems that hinder communication and providing both perception and production practice. For teaching vocabulary, it suggests strategies like pre-teaching words, focusing on cognates, scaffolding, using technology, modeling usage, and encouraging oral language use.
Speaking is an interactive process that involves constructing meaning through verbal and non-verbal symbols. It allows people to express thoughts, feelings, and exchange information. Developing fluency requires a focus on accuracy in controlled activities and a focus on interaction in less controlled activities. Teachers can use activities like drills, pair/group work, games and role-plays to provide feedback, correction, and practice to improve students' speaking skills. Prior experience as a listener helps improve performance as a speaker by exposing students to models and helping them understand the challenges of speaking.
This document discusses various techniques for teaching English, including group work, role play, storytelling, dramatization, and language games. It provides details on how each technique can be implemented and their benefits. Group work engages students intellectually and emotionally, exposes them to language, and develops independence. Role play helps practice communication skills. Storytelling promotes listening comprehension and engagement. Dramatization provides opportunities for speaking practice and builds vocabulary. Language games help practice language skills while preventing boredom.
The document discusses the process and approaches for evaluating instructional materials. It describes the selection process as having 7 steps: 1) identifying program aims and objectives, 2) analyzing the teaching and learning situation, 3) finding or designing an evaluation checklist, 4) limiting criteria, 5) creating a shortlist, 6) in-depth evaluation using the checklist, and 7) making a selection decision. It also outlines two main evaluation approaches - impressionistic overview and in-depth evaluation, and notes that combining both forms a sound evaluation basis. Several evaluation methods are mentioned, including piloting materials, gathering teacher and student opinions, and detailed analysis.
This document provides an overview of teaching reading. It defines reading as receiving and interpreting information from print. Key aspects discussed include the importance of teaching reading for different purposes. It also outlines lower level reading processes and comprehensive teaching approaches, including before, during, and after reading activities. The benefits of extensive reading are explained, such as reading for pleasure. Balancing intensive, extensive, vocabulary, and skills development is emphasized for an effective reading program.
Speaking involves vocal communication to convey thoughts and information to others. It is one of the key language skills and involves more than just pronouncing words. There are different types of speaking situations from informal conversations to formal presentations that can be interactive, partially interactive, or non-interactive. Good speaking skills include being prepared, knowing the audience, keeping the message concise through structures like an opening, body and conclusion, interacting with the audience, speaking with passion and sincerity, and closing memorably. Fluency and overcoming barriers like unclear messages are also important for effective speaking.
This document discusses the differences between accuracy and fluency in language learning. Accuracy refers to correct use of grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary and discourse. It focuses on error-free production. Fluency refers to ease, flow and comprehensibility of language. It focuses on expressing oneself without undue pauses or difficulties. Activities and materials for accuracy practice discrete items out of context, while fluency activities use authentic whole texts and simulate real-life communication, assessing information transfer over correctness. Both accuracy and fluency present issues when over-emphasized in language teaching.
This document discusses different aspects of teaching specific parts of language, including grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. For teaching grammar, it emphasizes connecting grammar points to communication contexts and focusing instruction on forms that are relevant to students' communication tasks. For teaching pronunciation, it recommends prioritizing problems that hinder communication and providing both perception and production practice. For teaching vocabulary, it suggests strategies like pre-teaching words, focusing on cognates, scaffolding, using technology, modeling usage, and encouraging oral language use.
Speaking is an interactive process that involves constructing meaning through verbal and non-verbal symbols. It allows people to express thoughts, feelings, and exchange information. Developing fluency requires a focus on accuracy in controlled activities and a focus on interaction in less controlled activities. Teachers can use activities like drills, pair/group work, games and role-plays to provide feedback, correction, and practice to improve students' speaking skills. Prior experience as a listener helps improve performance as a speaker by exposing students to models and helping them understand the challenges of speaking.
This document discusses various techniques for teaching English, including group work, role play, storytelling, dramatization, and language games. It provides details on how each technique can be implemented and their benefits. Group work engages students intellectually and emotionally, exposes them to language, and develops independence. Role play helps practice communication skills. Storytelling promotes listening comprehension and engagement. Dramatization provides opportunities for speaking practice and builds vocabulary. Language games help practice language skills while preventing boredom.
The document discusses the process and approaches for evaluating instructional materials. It describes the selection process as having 7 steps: 1) identifying program aims and objectives, 2) analyzing the teaching and learning situation, 3) finding or designing an evaluation checklist, 4) limiting criteria, 5) creating a shortlist, 6) in-depth evaluation using the checklist, and 7) making a selection decision. It also outlines two main evaluation approaches - impressionistic overview and in-depth evaluation, and notes that combining both forms a sound evaluation basis. Several evaluation methods are mentioned, including piloting materials, gathering teacher and student opinions, and detailed analysis.
This document provides an overview of teaching reading. It defines reading as receiving and interpreting information from print. Key aspects discussed include the importance of teaching reading for different purposes. It also outlines lower level reading processes and comprehensive teaching approaches, including before, during, and after reading activities. The benefits of extensive reading are explained, such as reading for pleasure. Balancing intensive, extensive, vocabulary, and skills development is emphasized for an effective reading program.
Speaking involves vocal communication to convey thoughts and information to others. It is one of the key language skills and involves more than just pronouncing words. There are different types of speaking situations from informal conversations to formal presentations that can be interactive, partially interactive, or non-interactive. Good speaking skills include being prepared, knowing the audience, keeping the message concise through structures like an opening, body and conclusion, interacting with the audience, speaking with passion and sincerity, and closing memorably. Fluency and overcoming barriers like unclear messages are also important for effective speaking.
This presentation summarizes key concepts and issues related to materials for teaching English to young learners. It discusses the definition of teaching English to very young learners (TEVYL) referring to ages 3-6 and teaching English to young learners (TEYL) referring to ages 7-12. It also covers the types of materials commonly used, the importance of story-based and motivating materials, and factors to consider for developing age-appropriate materials. The presentation concludes by discussing theories of young learner development and current thinking in young learner teaching approaches.
This document describes various games to help students practice different aspects of pronunciation, including games focused on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), word endings, word stress, blending, rhythm, reductions, and intonation. The games include card games like Go Fish and Connect Four using IPA symbols, as well as other activities using songs, roleplays, and physical movement to highlight pronunciation patterns. The goals are to help students learn phonetic symbols, distinguish different sounds, identify stress and intonation patterns, and improve their production of connected speech features.
The document discusses effective strategies for teaching vocabulary. It defines vocabulary as all the words in a language. Key principles for teaching vocabulary include introducing words in context, focusing on useful words, teaching learning strategies, repetition, and spacing practice. Knowing a word involves understanding its meaning, form, and use. When introducing a word, teachers should address some combination of its meaning, pronunciation, spelling, grammatical functions, and other aspects. Good vocabulary activities focus on useful words, teach a learning concept, involve active engagement, and avoid interference from unknown related words.
Traditional language teaching focused on accuracy in writing by using proper grammar rules and vocabulary. More recently, some teachers emphasize fluency in real communication situations through speaking and listening. An ideal approach teaches both accuracy and fluency as they are both important - accuracy alone is not useful for communication, and neither is fluency without proper grammar and vocabulary. Students need to learn English grammar and vocabulary to express themselves correctly in both writing and speaking.
The document discusses the PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production) teaching method. It involves three stages: presentation of new language, practice of that language through drills and exercises, and production which allows students to use the language more freely in activities like role-plays and discussions. The presentation stage introduces new structures and concepts. The practice stage focuses on accurate use through activities like drills. The production stage aims for fluency and has students apply what they learned in more communicative ways. The three stages together provide an effective way for students to learn language communicatively.
The document discusses teaching writing and the six-trait writing model. It introduces the six traits of writing - ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions. It provides guidelines for teaching writing, including using samples, agreeing on assessment criteria, and using interesting writing prompts. It also includes writing checklists and sample writing prompts.
This document discusses two teaching approaches: TTT (Test Teach Test) and PPP (Presentation Practice Production). It defines each approach and outlines their stages. TTT involves an initial test to determine students' knowledge, followed by teaching to address gaps, and a final test. PPP moves from the teacher presenting new language, to students practicing it in controlled activities, to freer production. The document notes advantages of each approach, like how TTT bases teaching on test results and PPP encourages independence. It also outlines disadvantages, such as TTT potentially discouraging students or being time-consuming. Examples are given of how to structure lessons for each approach.
The document outlines a framework for teaching pronunciation. It begins by describing common pronunciation problems students may have with words, stress, and intonation. It then discusses techniques for teaching pronunciation, including drilling, minimal pairs, chants, role plays, and using technology. Finally, it presents a 5-stage framework for teaching pronunciation: 1) describing the phonetic feature, 2) listening discrimination exercises, 3) controlled practice, 4) guided practice combining form and meaning, and 5) communicative practice integrating pronunciation into speaking.
Suggestopedia in a simpler understandingWahida Amelin
Suggestopedia is a teaching method created by Georgi Lozanov in 1979 that aims to maximize learning retention through relaxed states of mind. It provides foreign language instruction through dramatic readings accompanied by classical music, followed by passive review with quiet readings and Baroque music. The method believes humans can learn much more than they think if in a stress-free environment conducive to suggestion. However, it may not be practical for large class sizes typical in some developing countries and could infantilize older students uncomfortable with a child-like approach.
The document discusses strategies for teaching speaking skills. It begins by defining speaking and its importance for language learners. It then outlines three key areas of knowledge for speaking: mechanics, functions, and social/cultural rules. The document recommends using a balanced approach combining language input, structured output, and communicative output. It provides examples of activities for each, such as information gap activities, jigsaw activities, role plays and discussions. The overall goal is to provide authentic practice opportunities to help students communicate effectively.
Deductive vs inductive teaching grammar methods.pdfMr Bounab Samir
The document discusses deductive and inductive approaches to teaching grammar. It begins by defining the two approaches. A deductive approach presents grammar rules first before examples, while an inductive approach uses examples for students to discover rules themselves.
The main differences are outlined - deductive is teacher-centered while inductive is student-centered. It also discusses combining the two approaches. While a combination can work, it depends on the learner profile and grammar item. For many students, especially beginners, using just one approach may be clearer.
The whole language approach emerged in the 1970s as a method of teaching children to read. It focuses on learning language as a whole through real communication, reading, and writing for pleasure. In this approach, reading is acquired through trial and error rather than direct instruction, and children are encouraged to guess words from context clues and use invented spelling. Teachers act as facilitators rather than transmitters of knowledge, focusing on students' needs, experiences, and interests to collaboratively create meaning.
This document provides an assessment rubric for evaluating a student's speaking skills when describing their family in a VoiceThread activity at an intermediate English proficiency level. The rubric assesses pronunciation, fluency, initiation, and language use across 5 levels from excellent to poor. Key areas of evaluation include pronunciation and accuracy, fluency in terms of cohesion/coherence and speed of delivery, and use of grammar and vocabulary appropriate for the level. Scores and indicators are provided for each assessment category.
The document outlines learning objectives, content, and experiences for a lesson about adjectives. The lesson will define adjectives, determine their functions and uses in sentences, identify adjectives, and describe people, places, and things using adjectives. Students will be grouped and asked questions to motivate them. They will underline adjectives and circle words described in a text. For assessment, students will list descriptive words from a story and use them in sentences.
Suggestopedia is a teaching method developed by Bulgarian psychotherapist Georgi Lozanov based on how the human brain learns most effectively. It aims to teach languages approximately three times faster than conventional methods. Key elements include a relaxing environment, positive expectations of success, and varied activities like music, drama, games. The method has four stages: presentation to relax students; an active concert presenting new material; a passive review with quiet music; and practice games to reinforce learning. Characteristics include a decorated classroom with furniture and posters, as well as the teacher's authoritative yet liberating behavior and use of music. While it aims to accelerate memorization 25 times over conventional methods, a lack of resources could limit its effectiveness.
This document discusses the use of authentic materials in an English classroom. It defines authentic materials as materials produced for real-life purposes rather than language teaching, such as newspapers, magazines, and reports. In contrast, non-authentic materials are produced specifically for language teaching, like fiction and literary texts. Authentic materials are described as real, spontaneous, and motivated, while non-authentic materials are artificial, contrived, and static. The document explains that authentic materials should be used because they make language learning more enjoyable, meaningful, and enable students to learn about cultures where the target language is spoken.
This document discusses the teacher's role in developing speaking skills among students. It outlines that the teacher should act as a collaborator and observer, encouraging participation from all students through small group activities. Some techniques discussed include imitative practice through drills and games initially, followed by more communicative activities like role-plays, discussions, and speeches. The document also provides examples of different classroom activities that can be used, such as gap activities, role-plays, discussions and short speeches. It emphasizes that practice is important for developing fluency and removing hesitation, while also avoiding criticism so students are not intimidated.
This document discusses the language-based approach to teaching reading. It explains that this approach helps students focus on how language is used in literary texts. Students engage with texts through language activities rather than just studying facts. The document also provides examples of lesson plans using this approach, including pre-reading discussion, reading aloud, and a post-reading activity where students make scrapbooks about heroes from the text. The rationale is that these activities promote language use among students through discussions, presentations, and describing characters.
The document discusses lesson planning and its importance. It provides guidance on what to include in a lesson plan such as aims, stages of a lesson, procedures, and learning aims. It describes the different stages as warmup, contextualization, vocabulary presentation, language input, controlled practice and freer practice. It emphasizes planning aims, considering student engagement, study and activation, and including objectives, notes and feedback.
This document provides a code for correcting writing errors with abbreviations for each type of error. The code includes abbreviations for errors involving plural/singular forms, wrong words, word order, tense, word form, subject verb agreement, missing words, links, spelling, deleting words, punctuation, developing ideas, clause structure, and sentence structure.
This document provides a list of proofreading symbols and their meanings. It includes over 30 symbols such as delete, insert, lowercase, new paragraph, and more. It also lists 10 rules of effective proofreading such as never proofreading your own work, reading backwards to catch spelling errors, taking breaks, and making legible marks. The symbols and rules are intended to help proofreaders communicate corrections accurately and efficiently.
This presentation summarizes key concepts and issues related to materials for teaching English to young learners. It discusses the definition of teaching English to very young learners (TEVYL) referring to ages 3-6 and teaching English to young learners (TEYL) referring to ages 7-12. It also covers the types of materials commonly used, the importance of story-based and motivating materials, and factors to consider for developing age-appropriate materials. The presentation concludes by discussing theories of young learner development and current thinking in young learner teaching approaches.
This document describes various games to help students practice different aspects of pronunciation, including games focused on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), word endings, word stress, blending, rhythm, reductions, and intonation. The games include card games like Go Fish and Connect Four using IPA symbols, as well as other activities using songs, roleplays, and physical movement to highlight pronunciation patterns. The goals are to help students learn phonetic symbols, distinguish different sounds, identify stress and intonation patterns, and improve their production of connected speech features.
The document discusses effective strategies for teaching vocabulary. It defines vocabulary as all the words in a language. Key principles for teaching vocabulary include introducing words in context, focusing on useful words, teaching learning strategies, repetition, and spacing practice. Knowing a word involves understanding its meaning, form, and use. When introducing a word, teachers should address some combination of its meaning, pronunciation, spelling, grammatical functions, and other aspects. Good vocabulary activities focus on useful words, teach a learning concept, involve active engagement, and avoid interference from unknown related words.
Traditional language teaching focused on accuracy in writing by using proper grammar rules and vocabulary. More recently, some teachers emphasize fluency in real communication situations through speaking and listening. An ideal approach teaches both accuracy and fluency as they are both important - accuracy alone is not useful for communication, and neither is fluency without proper grammar and vocabulary. Students need to learn English grammar and vocabulary to express themselves correctly in both writing and speaking.
The document discusses the PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production) teaching method. It involves three stages: presentation of new language, practice of that language through drills and exercises, and production which allows students to use the language more freely in activities like role-plays and discussions. The presentation stage introduces new structures and concepts. The practice stage focuses on accurate use through activities like drills. The production stage aims for fluency and has students apply what they learned in more communicative ways. The three stages together provide an effective way for students to learn language communicatively.
The document discusses teaching writing and the six-trait writing model. It introduces the six traits of writing - ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions. It provides guidelines for teaching writing, including using samples, agreeing on assessment criteria, and using interesting writing prompts. It also includes writing checklists and sample writing prompts.
This document discusses two teaching approaches: TTT (Test Teach Test) and PPP (Presentation Practice Production). It defines each approach and outlines their stages. TTT involves an initial test to determine students' knowledge, followed by teaching to address gaps, and a final test. PPP moves from the teacher presenting new language, to students practicing it in controlled activities, to freer production. The document notes advantages of each approach, like how TTT bases teaching on test results and PPP encourages independence. It also outlines disadvantages, such as TTT potentially discouraging students or being time-consuming. Examples are given of how to structure lessons for each approach.
The document outlines a framework for teaching pronunciation. It begins by describing common pronunciation problems students may have with words, stress, and intonation. It then discusses techniques for teaching pronunciation, including drilling, minimal pairs, chants, role plays, and using technology. Finally, it presents a 5-stage framework for teaching pronunciation: 1) describing the phonetic feature, 2) listening discrimination exercises, 3) controlled practice, 4) guided practice combining form and meaning, and 5) communicative practice integrating pronunciation into speaking.
Suggestopedia in a simpler understandingWahida Amelin
Suggestopedia is a teaching method created by Georgi Lozanov in 1979 that aims to maximize learning retention through relaxed states of mind. It provides foreign language instruction through dramatic readings accompanied by classical music, followed by passive review with quiet readings and Baroque music. The method believes humans can learn much more than they think if in a stress-free environment conducive to suggestion. However, it may not be practical for large class sizes typical in some developing countries and could infantilize older students uncomfortable with a child-like approach.
The document discusses strategies for teaching speaking skills. It begins by defining speaking and its importance for language learners. It then outlines three key areas of knowledge for speaking: mechanics, functions, and social/cultural rules. The document recommends using a balanced approach combining language input, structured output, and communicative output. It provides examples of activities for each, such as information gap activities, jigsaw activities, role plays and discussions. The overall goal is to provide authentic practice opportunities to help students communicate effectively.
Deductive vs inductive teaching grammar methods.pdfMr Bounab Samir
The document discusses deductive and inductive approaches to teaching grammar. It begins by defining the two approaches. A deductive approach presents grammar rules first before examples, while an inductive approach uses examples for students to discover rules themselves.
The main differences are outlined - deductive is teacher-centered while inductive is student-centered. It also discusses combining the two approaches. While a combination can work, it depends on the learner profile and grammar item. For many students, especially beginners, using just one approach may be clearer.
The whole language approach emerged in the 1970s as a method of teaching children to read. It focuses on learning language as a whole through real communication, reading, and writing for pleasure. In this approach, reading is acquired through trial and error rather than direct instruction, and children are encouraged to guess words from context clues and use invented spelling. Teachers act as facilitators rather than transmitters of knowledge, focusing on students' needs, experiences, and interests to collaboratively create meaning.
This document provides an assessment rubric for evaluating a student's speaking skills when describing their family in a VoiceThread activity at an intermediate English proficiency level. The rubric assesses pronunciation, fluency, initiation, and language use across 5 levels from excellent to poor. Key areas of evaluation include pronunciation and accuracy, fluency in terms of cohesion/coherence and speed of delivery, and use of grammar and vocabulary appropriate for the level. Scores and indicators are provided for each assessment category.
The document outlines learning objectives, content, and experiences for a lesson about adjectives. The lesson will define adjectives, determine their functions and uses in sentences, identify adjectives, and describe people, places, and things using adjectives. Students will be grouped and asked questions to motivate them. They will underline adjectives and circle words described in a text. For assessment, students will list descriptive words from a story and use them in sentences.
Suggestopedia is a teaching method developed by Bulgarian psychotherapist Georgi Lozanov based on how the human brain learns most effectively. It aims to teach languages approximately three times faster than conventional methods. Key elements include a relaxing environment, positive expectations of success, and varied activities like music, drama, games. The method has four stages: presentation to relax students; an active concert presenting new material; a passive review with quiet music; and practice games to reinforce learning. Characteristics include a decorated classroom with furniture and posters, as well as the teacher's authoritative yet liberating behavior and use of music. While it aims to accelerate memorization 25 times over conventional methods, a lack of resources could limit its effectiveness.
This document discusses the use of authentic materials in an English classroom. It defines authentic materials as materials produced for real-life purposes rather than language teaching, such as newspapers, magazines, and reports. In contrast, non-authentic materials are produced specifically for language teaching, like fiction and literary texts. Authentic materials are described as real, spontaneous, and motivated, while non-authentic materials are artificial, contrived, and static. The document explains that authentic materials should be used because they make language learning more enjoyable, meaningful, and enable students to learn about cultures where the target language is spoken.
This document discusses the teacher's role in developing speaking skills among students. It outlines that the teacher should act as a collaborator and observer, encouraging participation from all students through small group activities. Some techniques discussed include imitative practice through drills and games initially, followed by more communicative activities like role-plays, discussions, and speeches. The document also provides examples of different classroom activities that can be used, such as gap activities, role-plays, discussions and short speeches. It emphasizes that practice is important for developing fluency and removing hesitation, while also avoiding criticism so students are not intimidated.
This document discusses the language-based approach to teaching reading. It explains that this approach helps students focus on how language is used in literary texts. Students engage with texts through language activities rather than just studying facts. The document also provides examples of lesson plans using this approach, including pre-reading discussion, reading aloud, and a post-reading activity where students make scrapbooks about heroes from the text. The rationale is that these activities promote language use among students through discussions, presentations, and describing characters.
The document discusses lesson planning and its importance. It provides guidance on what to include in a lesson plan such as aims, stages of a lesson, procedures, and learning aims. It describes the different stages as warmup, contextualization, vocabulary presentation, language input, controlled practice and freer practice. It emphasizes planning aims, considering student engagement, study and activation, and including objectives, notes and feedback.
This document provides a code for correcting writing errors with abbreviations for each type of error. The code includes abbreviations for errors involving plural/singular forms, wrong words, word order, tense, word form, subject verb agreement, missing words, links, spelling, deleting words, punctuation, developing ideas, clause structure, and sentence structure.
This document provides a list of proofreading symbols and their meanings. It includes over 30 symbols such as delete, insert, lowercase, new paragraph, and more. It also lists 10 rules of effective proofreading such as never proofreading your own work, reading backwards to catch spelling errors, taking breaks, and making legible marks. The symbols and rules are intended to help proofreaders communicate corrections accurately and efficiently.
The changing face of assessment and feedback: how technology can make a diffe...Jisc
1) The document discusses challenges in assessment and feedback practices and how technology can help address these challenges. It describes several university projects that developed principles and tools to improve assessment and feedback.
2) Key principles for effective assessment and feedback discussed include clarifying expectations, facilitating self-assessment and reflection, providing high-quality and actionable feedback, and using feedback to improve teaching.
3) Technologies described that can help implement these principles and address challenges include electronic assessment management systems, peer review tools, and analytics tools to study feedback.
NILE Manchester- Flipping the language classroomJo Gakonga
This document discusses the flipped classroom model of instruction. In a traditional classroom, students receive instruction at school through lectures and do homework practice at home. In a flipped classroom, students watch video lectures at home for homework, then practice and apply the lessons in class with teacher guidance. The flipped model promotes learner autonomy and allows class time to be used for active learning activities instead of passive lecture. The document provides examples of online platforms and resources that can be used to deliver video lessons and complete work. It poses questions to encourage readers to consider how flipped learning could work in their own teaching contexts.
view video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLOLbCTSpFQ or at www.elt-training.com
How to set up freer speaking activities to practise English and tips on making them successful.
The second in a four part series on Classroom Management for trainees and novice English teachers. Check out other videos and a 'Grammar for language teachers' course at elt-training.com
This document discusses preparing and delivering effective instructions in the classroom. It provides guidance on what constitutes good and poor instructions, how to support instructions through gestures and visual aids, and how to check for student understanding using Instruction Concept Questions (ICQs). Some key points covered include using clear, graded language in instructions; ensuring all students are engaged; supporting instructions with gestures and facial expressions; and planning ICQs tailored to different classroom activities that contain two response options for students. The document emphasizes the importance of practicing delivering instructions and getting feedback to improve.
49 ways to make your esl speaking class awesomeJackie Bolen
This document provides 43 tips for making an ESL speaking class engaging and effective. Some key tips include changing speaking partners often, using role-plays, games, and activities to build confidence, focusing on both fluency and accuracy, incorporating listening and reading, giving feedback, and encouraging students through praise. The overall message is that speaking classes should be fun, interactive, and help students improve their English communication skills.
The document discusses qualitative coding and memo writing. It provides an overview of coding approaches like descriptive, in vivo, and pattern coding. Codes are short phrases that symbolically represent portions of data. Memos are written reflections on codes, their relationships, and emerging ideas. The document emphasizes that coding and memo writing are iterative, cyclical processes to develop categories and analyze their connections for qualitative research.
The document discusses different types of error correction for language learners. It defines the differences between mistakes and errors, and describes various methods of correction for speaking, reading, and writing. These include explicit correction, recasts, clarification requests, metalinguistic clues, elicitation, and repetition for speaking. For writing, the document suggests having students self-correct using a correction key. It concludes that errors should not be corrected during communication activities, but structures being practiced should be corrected to help develop grammatical skills.
This document discusses techniques for error correction in the EFL classroom. It outlines that correction should be done to prevent fossilization of errors, but excessive feedback can hinder learning. There are different types of error correction, including teacher-student, student-student, and self-correction, each with pros and cons. Self-correction in particular trains students to listen to themselves and take responsibility for their learning. The document also provides examples of error codes and games to help facilitate error correction in the classroom.
Writing when english is not my first language viola gjylbegajViola Gjylbegaj
This document provides guidance on improving writing skills for those writing in English as a second language. It discusses common challenges such as organizing writing, using others' work, improving grammar/vocabulary, correcting errors, and proofreading. Exercises are included to practice things like verb tense, subject-verb agreement, prepositions, and tracking common errors. The overall document aims to help non-native English writers strengthen their skills through self-evaluation and exercises that target specific areas.
A great e-book to help develop your basic English language skills, especially if you are a student, working professional, job-seeker.
This e-book covers the following important topics:
- Parts of speech.
- Punctuation.
- Commonly confused words and phrases.
- Tips for filling in a college registration form.
- Learning how to summarise.
- Tips for completing written assignments.
- How to answer exam questions.
- How to write a cover letter when applying for a job.
- How to write a resignation letter.
- How to write e-mails.
This document discusses common grammar errors in formal writing. It begins by defining formal and informal writing, noting that formal writing is used in academic, professional, and legal contexts. It then lists 12 common grammar errors seen in formal writing, including issues with verb tense, subject-verb agreement, run-on sentences, comma splices, ambiguous modifiers, redundant words, contractions, capitalization, spelling, and colloquial language. For each error, it provides an example of correct and incorrect usage. The document emphasizes that grammar errors are a natural part of the writing process and advocates learning from mistakes.
The document defines an adverb as a word that describes or modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or an entire sentence, but not nouns or pronouns. It states that adverbs often describe verbs by indicating time, place, manner, amount, cause, or degree. Many adverbs end in "-ly" but some do not. The document provides examples of adverbs modifying verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and entire sentences. It notes that students sometimes misuse adverbs by placing them in the wrong position or overusing certain adverbs. Using carefully chosen adverbs can improve writing by making it more vivid and engaging for readers.
The document discusses different types of errors students can make and strategies for correcting them. It defines a slip as a mistake due to lack of attention, a mistake as needing extra guidance, and an error as not knowing the concept. It then discusses aims of oral correction, written correction techniques, and codes for correcting errors. It concludes that students learn from their mistakes.
This document provides essay writing tips and explains common grading symbols used by instructors. It recommends including an introduction with a thesis, several body paragraphs explaining and developing ideas, and a conclusion. It also describes the components of a strong body paragraph and emphasizes using clear, specific language while avoiding unnecessary words and phrases. Finally, it lists 25 common grading symbols used to identify errors or areas for improvement in student essays.
This document provides guidance for parents on supporting their child's writing development. It discusses common concerns children have about writing and outlines the building blocks of writing, including letter formation, sounds, and spelling. It recommends activities for home like playing sound games, providing different writing genres, and encouraging descriptive language. It also addresses how progress is measured and criteria for different writing levels according to the UK national curriculum.
The document discusses different types of sentence fragments, including dependent-word fragments that begin with words like "because" or "while", "-ing" and "to" fragments, added-detail fragments introduced by words like "for example", and missing-subject fragments. It provides examples of each type and explains how to correct fragments by attaching them to another sentence, adding a subject or verb, or rewriting the sentence structure. Fragments occur when a group of words does not express a complete thought and lacks elements like a subject and verb.
The document discusses taking running records to assess a child's reading level. It explains that a running record involves recording both accurate and inaccurate words read by the child, and then analyzing error patterns to determine the child's reading abilities and areas for growth. The document provides guidance on administering and analyzing running records, including calculating accuracy rates, identifying cueing systems used, and determining appropriate reading levels.
The document discusses approaches to dealing with errors made by language learners. It explains that errors are an important part of language learning and teachers must make decisions about whether errors matter and how to address them. Teachers are encouraged to use learners' actual errors to target instruction rather than preempt errors, and to provide feedback that promotes self-correction without discouraging learners.
The document discusses key concepts and terminology related to correcting errors in second language learning, including the difference between errors and slips, reasons why learners make mistakes, and different ways of helping learners improve. It notes that errors are part of learners' interlanguage as they unconsciously process and reorganize the language. Errors should be addressed differently depending on whether an activity focuses on fluency or accuracy, and not all learners need correction depending on their stage of learning.
The document discusses key concepts and terminology related to error correction when teaching a second language. It defines types of mistakes learners make such as errors and slips. It also discusses reasons why learners make mistakes, including interference from their first language and developmental errors as they learn. The document provides guidance on when and how to correct errors, focusing more on errors that prevent communication. It suggests exposing learners to language just beyond their level and giving opportunities to focus on form and communicate.
- The document recaps the previous lesson on note making and provides additional examples and tips.
- Key points covered include recapping why and how note making is done, providing useful note making tips, and giving students immense practice and explanation to help them learn.
- Exercises are provided to help students better understand note making through examples like extracting notes from passages in different ways and highlighting important points. Additional note making symbols and abbreviations are also explained.
This document provides an overview of common grammar, punctuation, and writing errors and how to identify and correct them. It discusses topics such as subject-verb agreement, pronoun usage, parallel structure, spelling, capitalization, punctuation including commas, quotation marks and semicolons. Specific examples of errors are provided along with explanations of how to fix issues related to fragments, run-ons, dangling modifiers, homonyms and more. The goal is to help writers strengthen their editing and proofreading skills to improve the quality of their writing.
This document summarizes and analyzes language errors made by Rafael Z., a native Spanish speaker learning English as a second language. It categorizes Rafael's written and spoken errors, including incorrect adjective-noun order, missing auxiliary verbs, spelling mistakes, awkward sentence structure, issues with subject-verb agreement, improper use of articles, incorrect or missing prepositions, tense errors, incorrect word usage, and other miscellaneous errors. The document analyzes that Rafael's errors are largely due to language interference from his native Spanish, including differences in word order, verb conjugation, use of articles, prepositions, and other grammatical structures between Spanish and English.
This document summarizes an interview with a Spanish-speaking student named Rodrigo from Peru who is learning English. It outlines some of the difficulties he faces due to differences between Spanish and English grammar and pronunciation. These include:
1) Words with multiple meanings in Spanish but singular meanings in English.
2) Unfamiliarity with English contractions, as Spanish only has two.
3) Errors with prepositions, past tense verbs, word order, pronunciation of vowels, use of articles, and double negatives - all influenced by his native Spanish.
4) Key differences like English having more vowel sounds, subject omission in Spanish, inflection for gender/number, and lack of contractions beyond "a+
Similar to Giving feedback on EFL/ ESOL writing (20)
This document provides several online resources for vocabulary learning and practice, including vocabulary.com for dictionary definitions, Thinglink for creating picture dictionaries, and Padlet for collaboratively collecting vocabulary on topics. It also recommends Vicki Hollett's videos on vocabulary, Quizlet for making flashcards, and extensive reading from sources like Paul Nation and graded readers. All resources are linked for easy access.
Keep calm and get (digitally) organised Jo Gakonga
This document discusses using OneNote for professional development and continuing education. It provides examples of how OneNote can be used to save documents, web pages, emails, notes from learners and lessons, and reflective journals in one centralized place. Information stored in OneNote is automatically synced across all devices, is safely accessible without an internet connection, and can be easily organized, shared, and searched. This makes professional development materials more useful over the long term compared to just collecting physical papers and documents.
Exploiting web based sources for homeworkJo Gakonga
The document discusses exploiting web-based sources to set work for English language learners to complete at home. It introduces two free tools, Educannon and Scrible, that allow teachers to take authentic video and text content and add interactive tasks and questions. This helps support learners studying online by making the content more engaging and allowing teachers to track their progress. Some example online resources are also provided, such as YouTube channels, TED Talks, and websites for reading practice.
Get them speaking – get them speaking right. LLE DayJo Gakonga
The document discusses techniques for getting language learners speaking and improving their speaking skills through practice. It recommends giving learners undivided attention and control over conversation topics to increase their potential talking time. Learners' individual needs can be addressed and they receive both corrective feedback on errors and input of new vocabulary and phrases through techniques like dictogloss, where they retell a story they have listened to.
Two web tools to help support learners with authentic online materialJo Gakonga
This document discusses tools that teachers can use to provide online authentic content and activities to English language learners studying at home. It introduces Educannon, which allows teachers to add questions and tasks to video content, and Scrible, which allows text to be underlined, highlighted, and annotated with notes and questions. Examples are provided of materials that have been created with these tools to support learners working remotely. The document argues that these tools provide more control over learners' engagement than traditional worksheets and allow content to be reused and shared.
The first in a four part series on classroom management from elt-training.com. You can find a free voiced over presentation of these slides on the site
The document discusses various approaches to teaching grammar, including explicit grammar instruction and more communicative, implicit approaches. It presents examples of activities that integrate grammar practice into communicative activities, such as information gap exercises, personalization activities, and creative tasks. It advocates for grammar instruction that is genuinely communicative, focused, formulaic, and provides inherent repetition to help students automatize target structures.
The first in a three part series for English language teachers on Stress and Intonation. What is word stress and why is it important for language teaching?
CELTA Language Skills Related AssignmentJo Gakonga
This document provides guidance for an assignment to design language teaching materials focused on developing language skills. It instructs students to choose an authentic text and associated tasks to develop both receptive skills (reading and listening) and productive skills (writing and speaking) for a specific group of learners. It emphasizes that tasks should be tailored to the learners' level, interests, needs and timetable. Examples of authentic materials are provided, such as newspaper articles, song lyrics and video clips. Background reading on teaching language skills is recommended, and common reasons for assignment resubmission are outlined.
Some thoughts and practical ideas for using role play in the language classroom. If you'd like free, video presentation of this, go to www.elt-training.com
This document provides tips and guidance for teaching beginner language learners. It recommends using simple language, demonstrations over explanations, visual aids, gestures, and changing activities frequently to keep students engaged. Vocabulary like greetings, numbers, and common phrases should be prioritized over other topics. Drilling, recycling words through flashcards, and using cognates can help build foundations. Lessons should incorporate situational and functional language relevant to students' lives. Patience and building confidence are important as beginners may feel discouraged by the challenges of learning.
Some thoughts and practical ideas on using dictation in the English language classroom. For a free, voiced over video presentation of this, go to www.elt-training.com
This document discusses connected speech and weak forms in English. It begins by explaining that connected speech refers to how words are pronounced together in fast, casual speech. It then focuses on schwa, explaining that unstressed vowels are often reduced to a schwa sound. Function words like pronouns, auxiliaries, and prepositions are more likely to take weak forms and be reduced to schwa. In contrast, content words like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs usually maintain their strong forms. The document provides examples of words in weak and strong forms. It suggests awareness raising activities and jazz chants as ways to help learners notice and produce weak forms in connected speech.
NALA 2013 - What has grammar teaching ever done for us?Jo Gakonga
This document discusses different perspectives on teaching grammar in language classrooms. It explores whether grammar needs to be explicitly taught or if it can be acquired indirectly through comprehensible input and interaction alone. While some approaches emphasize vocabulary and implicit learning over explicit grammar instruction, research evidence from meta-analyses supports explicitly teaching grammar, especially for adult language learners. Task-based learning and other communicative approaches also incorporate pre-planned grammar instruction. The document concludes that grammar teaching should be included in language lessons, but leaves open how it is best taught.
The second in a 3 part series on lesson planning - this set of slides deals with the procedure page. For a free, voiced over presentation of this, visit elt-training.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Giving feedback on EFL/ ESOL writing
1. Webinar
Giving feedback on writing
For a free voiced-over recorded
presentation of this webinar (and
others!) go to www.elt-training.com
under ‘Free Teacher Training
Webinars’
32. Mark Error Indicated
/ A word is missing
/ Start a new sentence
// Start a new paragraph
Gr Grammar error
Sp Spelling error
P Punctuation error
Art Error with articles (a, an, the)
c/unc Countable/uncountable error
Wo Wrong word order
Ww Wrong word
Wt Wrong tense
Wf Wrong form
Irreg Irregular verb
? Unclear
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/marking-students-
written-work-with-correction-code.html
48. my name is _________________,i am 22 years old ,
i am from yemen , i have 2 brothers and 4 sisters .
my Hobbies :reading ,photography ,swimming ,lstening to My
Ipod
Fashion, Traveling , billy dancing .
i have a student visitor for 11 months to learn english i want
to do this Course the
Reason english is a world language
i chose to study in england Because it is a Stunning
country
i realy like this country and i tell my father when i Finish
learning English
i will work with him in England for general trading and
poultry ..
today is my first day in school and i Really enjoyed i hope
all class
like today, thank you ms jo for your time .
49. Thank you for telling me about yourself- I’m glad that
you enjoyed today and hope that you enjoy all of your
lessons
Take care with capital letters – every sentence must
start with a capital and end with a full stop. Also ‘I’ and
countries always have capitals but not other words.
I’ve underlined all of your mistakes with punctuation.
Try to correct these mistakes in class – ask me if you
are not sure.
Well done for your hard work.