This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically focusing on Crohn's disease. It begins with objectives and definitions of IBD and its two main types: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It then covers the causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, complications, and medical and surgical management of Crohn's disease. The goals of treatment are reducing inflammation, suppressing the immune response, providing bowel rest for healing, improving quality of life, and preventing complications. Nutritional therapy, medications like aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants may be used. Surgery is indicated for complications like obstruction or severe perianal disease.
Short bowel syndrome is one of the most complex sequel to resection of extensive lengths of the small intestine. The nutritional depletion caused exerts deleterious effects on every organ system of the body. Identifying and managing this complex problem is the biggest challenge to the clinician. The pathophysiology and therapeutic approach to short bowel syndrome is discussed
The word Gastritis comes from two words “gastro” referring to the stomach and “itis” means inflammation.
Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach mucosa.
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
INCIDENCE:
The incidence of gastritis is highest in the fifth and sixth decades of life; men are more frequently affected than women. The incidence is greater in clients who are heavy drinkers and smokers.
Acute gastritis is considered one of the most common type of gastritis. This is a painful inflammation of the lining of the stomach that occur suddenly and may involve bleeding of the stomach mucosa
Chronic gastritis involve s long- term inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and this inflammatory condition of upper digestive system can last for years.
Chronic gastritis, on the other hand, is more often found in older people
Short bowel syndrome is one of the most complex sequel to resection of extensive lengths of the small intestine. The nutritional depletion caused exerts deleterious effects on every organ system of the body. Identifying and managing this complex problem is the biggest challenge to the clinician. The pathophysiology and therapeutic approach to short bowel syndrome is discussed
The word Gastritis comes from two words “gastro” referring to the stomach and “itis” means inflammation.
Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach mucosa.
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
INCIDENCE:
The incidence of gastritis is highest in the fifth and sixth decades of life; men are more frequently affected than women. The incidence is greater in clients who are heavy drinkers and smokers.
Acute gastritis is considered one of the most common type of gastritis. This is a painful inflammation of the lining of the stomach that occur suddenly and may involve bleeding of the stomach mucosa
Chronic gastritis involve s long- term inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and this inflammatory condition of upper digestive system can last for years.
Chronic gastritis, on the other hand, is more often found in older people
1.2.3 Approach to Gastritis & Peptic Ulcer Disease in Clinical Practice.pdfLUBUNDI
This is based on Medical Education to provide information for Education Purpose not to substitute your medical training or your medical practitioner guide. For feedback kindly send me an email to directorsoh21@gmail.com
1.2.3 Approach to Gastritis & Peptic Ulcer Disease in Clinical Practice.pdfLUBUNDI
This is based on Medical Education to provide information for Education Purpose not to substitute your medical training or your medical practitioner guide. For feedback kindly send me an email to directorsoh21@gmail.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
3. Objectives
By the end of this lecture all of us well be able to
Understand Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the
pathophysiology.
Identify the assessment and diagnostic test used to
confirm Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Identify the management protocols for IBD.
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4. Definition:
IBD characterized by a tendency for chronic or relapsing
immune activation and inflammation within the
gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
Compose of the:
Regional enteritis ( Crohn’s disease or granulomatous colitis)
Ulcerative colitis.
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6. Causes:
the cause of IBD is still un-known. But triggered by:
1. Environmental agents such as tobacco.
2. Radiation.
3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
4. Immune disorders
5. Abnormal response to dietary or bacterial antigens.
6. genetic factors.
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8. REGIONAL ENTERITIS (CROHN’S DISEASE)
CD commonly occurs in adolescents or young adults but can
appear at any time of life.
It can occur anywhere along the GI tract, but the most
common areas are the distal ileum and colon.
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9. Pathophysiology
CD is a subacute and chronic inflammation that extends
through all layers of the bowel wall from the intestinal
mucosa.
The disease process begins with edema and thickening of
the mucosa and appear of ulcer on the inflamed mucosa.
Abscesses form as the inflammation extends into the
peritoneum
The bowel wall thickens, and the intestinal lumen narrows,
bowel loops sometimes adhere to other loops.
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10. Clinical Manifestations
1. prominent lower right quadrant abdominal pain.
2. diarrhea unrelieved by defecation.
3. abdominal tenderness and spasm.
4. weight loss, malnutrition, and secondary anemia.
5. Ulcers in the membranous lining of the intestine.
6. In some patients, the inflamed intestine may perforate,
leading to intra abdominal and anal abscesses.
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11. Cont…
7. Fever and leukocytosis occur.
8. Non GI symptoms:
joint involvement (arthritis)
skin lesions (erythema )
ocular disorders (conjunctivitis)
oral ulcers.
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14. Diagnostic test:
1. Sigmoidoscopic examination
2. Stool analysis is also performed
3. Barium study of the upper GI tract
4. Endoscopy and intestinal biopsy
5. Barium enema .
6. CT scan .
7. Complete blood cell count
8. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate .
9. Albumin and protein levels
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15. Complications:-
Complications of regional enteritis include
1. intestinal obstruction or stricture formation
2. perianal disease and fistula and abscess formation.
3. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition from
malabsorption.
4. Increased risk for colon cancer.
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16. Medical management:-
Aim of medical treatment:
Reducing inflammation
suppressing inappropriate immune responses
providing rest for a diseased bowel so that healing may take place,
improving quality of life
preventing or minimizing complications.
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17. NUTRITIONAL THERAPY
Provide high-protein, high-calorie diet with vitamin and iron
supplements.
Balance fluid and electrolyte.
Avoid exacerbate diarrhea food.
Cold foods and smoking are avoided (increase intestinal
motility).
Parenteral nutrition (PN) may be indicated.
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18. Parenteral nutrition (PN)
Is a ready and mixed IV nutrients to improve nutritional status,
maintain muscle mass, promote weight gain, and enhance the
healing process.
Components:
1. water 30-40 ml/kg/day.
2. amino acid 1-2 g/kg/day.
3. carbohydrate 4-5 mg /kg/min.
4. fatty acid 20-30 total calories.
5. minerals such as ( calcium 15mcg, magnesium 20meq, potassium
100meq , sodium 100meq).
6. vitamins such as (Vitamin A 4000iu, thiamin 3mg, vitamin K 200mcg)
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19. PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
1. Sedation and antidiarrheal medications such as:
loperamide
cholestyramine powder, 3 times per day.
Side effect: constipation.
2. Anti-inflammatory drug such as:
Aminosalicylate formulations such as sulfasalazine
3. Corticosteroids are used to treat severe disease such as:
Prednisone, orally, topically and injections.
4. Immunosuppressive Agents such as:
Methotrexate tab 1,5 mg/kg/day, cyclosporine tab 2,5-5
mg/kg/day
5. Surgery.
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20. INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY
In patients with CD
Obstruction, severe perianal disease unresponsive to medical
therapy, difficult fistulas, major bleeding, severe disability
30 % relapse rate
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Protect mucosa become inflame after exposure to noxious agent
Because eating stimulates intestinal peristalsis, the crampy pains occur after meals. To avoid these bouts of crampy pain, the patient tends to limit food intake, reducing the amounts and types of food to such a degree that normal nutritional requirements are not met.
and other inflammatory changes result in a weeping, swollen intestine that continually empties an irritating discharge into the colon.