This document provides an overview of gastritis, including: - Defining gastritis as inflammation of the stomach lining and classifying it as either acute or chronic. Chronic gastritis is further classified as types A or B. - Detailing the causes of gastritis as autoimmune diseases, H. pylori infection, gastric irritants like caffeine, and certain medications. - Outlining the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of both acute and chronic gastritis. - Identifying diagnostic tests like gastric analysis, endoscopy, and serologic testing for H. pylori antibodies. - Explaining management approaches like rest, avoiding irritants, antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors,

1. GIT Medical Nursing
by :
Dr. Alshazaly abdoalghfar
BSN, RN, MSN, CNE PhD.

2. Gastritis
Lecture 3
10/29/2023 shazalyhran@yahoo.com 2

3. Objectives
By the end of this lecture all of us well be able to
 Understand the gastritis and how they occur.
 Identify the assessment and diagnostic test used to confirm
gastritis.
 Management protocols

4. Out line:
Gastritis:
 Definition.
 classification.
 Causes.
 Pathophysiology.
 Clinical manifestation.
 Diagnostic test.
 Management.

5. Gastritis:
 inflammation of the gastric or stomach lining, result
in irritation of gastric mucosa. is a common GI
problem.
 Gastritis may be acute, is generally benign, associated
with ingestion of gastric irritant.
 or chronic, resulting from recurring episodes of acute
gastritis, characterized by progressive and irreversible
changes in gastric mucosa.

7. Classified of chronic gastritis:
Type A:
 less common, this type is thought to have an
autoimmune component. The body produces antibodies
to parietal cell and to intrinsic factor, that destroy gastric
mucosal cell result in tissue atrophy and loss of Hcl and
pepsin.

8. Type B:
 More common, caused by infection of gastric mucosa
by H. pylori.
 The outer layer of gastric mucosa thins and atrophies
providing less effective barrier against autodigestive
properties of Hcl, and pepsin.

9. Causes:
gastritis is sometimes causes by:
 autoimmune diseases.
 H. pylori
 Gastric irritant such as caffeine.
 Some medications, especially NSAIDs and aspirin.
 Alcohol.
 Smoking.

10. Pathophysiology :
In acute gastritis:
 Gastritis is characterized by disruption of the mucosal
barrier by local irritant. This disruption allows Hcl and
pepsin to come into contact to gastric tissue, resulting in
irritation, inflammation, and superficial erosions.
 The gastric mucosa rapidly regenerates, resolution and
healing occurring with in several days.

11. In chronic gastritis:
 Begin with superficial inflammation and gradually lead to
atrophy of gastric tissue.
 The initial stage changes in gastric mucosa and decrease
mucus.
 As the disease evolves, glands of gastric mucosa are
disrupted and destroyed, and involve deep portion of
mucosa which thins and atrophies.

12. Clinical manifestation:
Acute gastritis:
 abdominal discomfort.
 nausea, and vomiting.
 Anorexia.
 Hematemesis, and Melina.
 Possible shock.

13. Chronic gastritis:
 anorexia.
 Heartburn after eating.
 Nausea and Vomiting.
 Mild epigastric discomfort or intolerance to spicy or fatty
foods.

14. Diagnostic test:
 gastric analysis.
 CBC.
 serum vitamin B12 level.
 serologic testing for antibodies against the H. pylori.
 Upper Endoscopy.

15. Management:
• Provide GIT rest by 6 to 12 hours NPO then
reintroduction gradually.
• Avoidance of irritating substances.
• Antiemetic.
• Antibiotics.
• proton pump inhibitor.

16. Cont…
 If bleeding is present, the procedures used to control
upper GI tract hemorrhage.
 If gastritis is caused by ingestion of strong acids,
common antacids (e.g. aluminum hydroxide) are
used.

17. Chronic gastritis is managed by:
 modifying the patient's diet,
 promoting rest, reducing stress,
 avoidance of alcohol and NSAIDs,
 initiating pharmacotherapy.
 H. pylori may be treated with selected drug
combinations

18. Thank you
8/26/2022 shazalyhran@yahoo.com 18