This document summarizes a lecture on the gastrointestinal (GIT) system. It begins by stating the objectives will be to understand the anatomical structure of the GIT and identify the main functions of GIT organs. It then provides details on the anatomy and functions of the various organs that make up the GIT, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It describes the roles of these organs in digesting, absorbing and eliminating food and waste.

1. GIT system
by :
Dr. Alshazaly abdoalghfar
BSN, RN, MSN, CNE PhD.
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2. Anatomy and Physiology
Lecture 1
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3. Objectives
By the end of this lecture all of us well be able to
 Understand the anatomical structure GIT
 Identify common most important function of GIT organs.
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4. Gastrointestinal system
Gastroenterology Is the science deal with gastrointestinal disease
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6.  The GIT is a 23-to 26foot long pathway
that extend from the mouth through
the esophagus ,stomach, and
intestines to the anus .
 Responsible for the intake, digestion of
food, absorption of nutrients, and
elimination of solid waste
Anatomy and
Physiology
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7. Accessory Digestive Organs
 Teeth
 tongue
 Salivary glands
 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Pancreas
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8.  The esophagus:
 Is located in the thoracic cavity anterior to the spine and
posterior to trachea.
 It pass through the diaphragm at an opening called
diaphragmatic hiatus.
 The esophagus connect to the stomach at area called
cardiac sphincter
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9. Stomach
 Body, fundus
 Pylorus
 Pyloric sphincter
Fundus
Body
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10. Small Intestine
 Small bowel
 Parts
 duodenum
 jejunum
 ileum
 ileocecal valve
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11. Large Intestine
 Large Bowel
 Cecum
 Appendix
 Colon
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12.  Colon
 Ascending
 Transvers
 Descending
 Rectum
 Sigmoid
 Anus
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13.  Blood supply:
 The GIT receives blood from arteries that originate from the
thoracic and abdominal aorta , the most important are
gastric artery and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
 Blood is drained from these organs by veins in a large vein
called the portal vein
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14.  Functions
 production of bile
 glucose - glycogen
 storage of vitamins, B12, A, D, E, K
 erythrocytolysis (pigment released eliminated in bile called
bilirubin)
 bilirubin gives stool its characteristic dark color
 removes toxins from blood
 manufactures blood proteins
Liver - hepat/o
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16. Pancreas
 internal - endocrine function
 insulin
 glucogon
 external - exocrine function
 amylase - carbohydrates
 trypsin, chymotrypsin - proteins
 lipase - fats
 enzymes inactive until reach duodenum
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17. Gallbladder
 pear-shaped sac under the liver
 chol/e means bile or gall
 cyst/o means cyst or sac
 gallbladder contracts forcing bile out cystic duct into
common bile duct.
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18. Bile
 bile is a digestive juice, emulsifier acts on fat in a way
that lipid enzymes can digest fat
 travels via hepatic duct to cystic duct to gall bladder,
where stored
 bile consists of water, bile salts, cholesterol, and
bilirubin (a colored substance resulting from
breakdown of hemoglobin)
 bilirubin gives bile yellow or orange color
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19. Stomach during Digestion
 Gastric juices
 HCL - activates enzymes
 protease
 pepsin
 Lipase
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20. Small Intestine during Digestion
 digestion completed in small
intestine
 Digested food mixed with
bile and pancreatic juices
 emulsification
 absorption
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21. Large Intestine
 receive fluid waste products and
store until released from body.
 excess water absorbed
 feces, stools
 defecation, or bowel movement
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22. Thank you
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