International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental design to determine thermal diffusivity of a material an anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract Thermal diffusivity of any object is of prime importance as it decides the amount of heat energy required to be provided or removed from an object for it to attain the required temperature on its surface at a particular instant of time. Little has been done so far in devising a way of determining the thermal diffusivity directly without having to use costlier setups or be plagued by errors being piled up by multiplication of individual parameter errors. This paper suggests a simple experimental setup which can deduce the thermal diffusivity of a material directly instead of having to calculate the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the materials. The setup model can be effectively used for determining relationship between heat energy stored within and the rate of heat transfer through the outer surface of specimen when there is no heat generation. An illustrative example for the use of the model is also presented with the material in cylindrical geometry with the subsequent differential equations derived. Apart from being simple and accurate, the setup is also highly economic making it a more viable choice. This experimental model could be used for alloys, ceramics and composite materials of various combination ratios. Keywords: Thermal diffusivity, Experimental model.
Optimization of “T”-Shaped Fins Geometry Using Constructal Theory and “FEA” C...IJERA Editor
This paper reports the geometric (constructal) optimization of T-shaped fin assemblies, where the objective is to maximize the global thermal conductance of the assembly, subject to total volume and fin-material constraints. Assemblies of plate fins are considered. It is shown that every geometric feature of the assembly is delivered by the optimization principle and the constraints. These optimal features are reported in dimensionless terms for this entire class of fin assemblies. Based on the constructal theory by Dr. A Bejan, T-shaped fins are developed for better heat conductance as compared to conventional fins. Now the geometry of this T type of fin contains many geometry parameters which affect the overall conductance of the fin. With the same material constraint and volume constraints optimal geometry ratios has been calculated so as to design the fin for its best performance. With focus to the practical situations and heat flow patterns, it is quite complex to calculate the temperatures on a T-shaped fin. It requires the help of FEA concepts and CAE software to optimize the geometry.
MHD Effects And Heat Transfer On A Boundary Layer Flow Past A Stretching Plat...IJERA Editor
The boundary layer flow of incompressible electrically conducting fluid past a stretching plate in the presence of
transverse magnetic field with heat transfer taking into the account the viscous dissipation effects is considered
in this present study. The non-linear momentum boundary layer and heat transfer equations are converted into
non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting boundary value
problem is solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme. The solution is found to be dependent on
magnetic field parameter M, Source term S, Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec
. The results are shown
graphically to illustrate the effects of these parameters on the fluid velocity and temperature distribution in the
boundary layer.
In developing electric motors in general and induction motors in particular
temperature limit is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the overall design. Since
conventional loading of induction motors is often expensive, the estimation of temperature
rise by tools of mathematical modeling becomes increasingly important. Excepting for
providing a more accurate representation of the problem, the proposed model can also
reduce computing costs. The paper develops a three-dimensional transient thermal model in
polar co-ordinates using finite element formulation and arch shaped elements. A
temperature-time method is employed to evaluate the distribution of loss in various parts of
the machine. Using these loss distributions as an input for finite element analysis, more
accurate temperature distributions can be obtained. The model is applied to predict the
temperature rise in the stator of a squirrel cage 7.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction
motor. The temperature distribution has been determined considering convection from the
back of core surface, outer air gap surface and annular end surface of a totally enclosed
structure.
Experimental design to determine thermal diffusivity of a material an anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract Thermal diffusivity of any object is of prime importance as it decides the amount of heat energy required to be provided or removed from an object for it to attain the required temperature on its surface at a particular instant of time. Little has been done so far in devising a way of determining the thermal diffusivity directly without having to use costlier setups or be plagued by errors being piled up by multiplication of individual parameter errors. This paper suggests a simple experimental setup which can deduce the thermal diffusivity of a material directly instead of having to calculate the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the materials. The setup model can be effectively used for determining relationship between heat energy stored within and the rate of heat transfer through the outer surface of specimen when there is no heat generation. An illustrative example for the use of the model is also presented with the material in cylindrical geometry with the subsequent differential equations derived. Apart from being simple and accurate, the setup is also highly economic making it a more viable choice. This experimental model could be used for alloys, ceramics and composite materials of various combination ratios. Keywords: Thermal diffusivity, Experimental model.
Optimization of “T”-Shaped Fins Geometry Using Constructal Theory and “FEA” C...IJERA Editor
This paper reports the geometric (constructal) optimization of T-shaped fin assemblies, where the objective is to maximize the global thermal conductance of the assembly, subject to total volume and fin-material constraints. Assemblies of plate fins are considered. It is shown that every geometric feature of the assembly is delivered by the optimization principle and the constraints. These optimal features are reported in dimensionless terms for this entire class of fin assemblies. Based on the constructal theory by Dr. A Bejan, T-shaped fins are developed for better heat conductance as compared to conventional fins. Now the geometry of this T type of fin contains many geometry parameters which affect the overall conductance of the fin. With the same material constraint and volume constraints optimal geometry ratios has been calculated so as to design the fin for its best performance. With focus to the practical situations and heat flow patterns, it is quite complex to calculate the temperatures on a T-shaped fin. It requires the help of FEA concepts and CAE software to optimize the geometry.
MHD Effects And Heat Transfer On A Boundary Layer Flow Past A Stretching Plat...IJERA Editor
The boundary layer flow of incompressible electrically conducting fluid past a stretching plate in the presence of
transverse magnetic field with heat transfer taking into the account the viscous dissipation effects is considered
in this present study. The non-linear momentum boundary layer and heat transfer equations are converted into
non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting boundary value
problem is solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme. The solution is found to be dependent on
magnetic field parameter M, Source term S, Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec
. The results are shown
graphically to illustrate the effects of these parameters on the fluid velocity and temperature distribution in the
boundary layer.
In developing electric motors in general and induction motors in particular
temperature limit is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the overall design. Since
conventional loading of induction motors is often expensive, the estimation of temperature
rise by tools of mathematical modeling becomes increasingly important. Excepting for
providing a more accurate representation of the problem, the proposed model can also
reduce computing costs. The paper develops a three-dimensional transient thermal model in
polar co-ordinates using finite element formulation and arch shaped elements. A
temperature-time method is employed to evaluate the distribution of loss in various parts of
the machine. Using these loss distributions as an input for finite element analysis, more
accurate temperature distributions can be obtained. The model is applied to predict the
temperature rise in the stator of a squirrel cage 7.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction
motor. The temperature distribution has been determined considering convection from the
back of core surface, outer air gap surface and annular end surface of a totally enclosed
structure.
Analysis of stress in circular hollow section by fea and analytical techniqueeSAT Journals
Abstract This study focus on stress calculation in a cantilever beam by FEA &Analytical techniques. To know the value of maximum load bearing capacity of any particular beam this study has been generated. Structural analysis is foremost requirement in a design process. Also when we perform FEA analysis of any structure we cannot blindly trust on its result. If we don’t have any past result data of that structure, it became difficult for us to know the deviation of result. For that purpose we may require analytical calculation result in order to compare result value of FEA. Hence in this study a range of load values are applied on cantilever beam by both techniques. Later graph has been plotted for different load values & verification of results is carried out. Keywords: Structure Analysis, CATIA, FEA and Benchmarking
A short introduction presentation about the Basics of Finite Element Analysis. This presentation mainly represents the applications of FEA in the real time world.
Numerical modeling to evaluate pile head deflection under the lateral loadeSAT Journals
Abstract The complex behavior of pile head deflection under the lateral load can be studied using various analytical methods and the softwares. Often the lateral pile load testing is carried out in the field to confirm the calculated lateral pile capacity. However, even with the use of sophisticated latest softwares, the accurate deflection of pile head cannot be estimated. Hence an attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the pile head deflection using the field load-deflection data and the corresponding soil and pile properties. A preliminary mathematical model has been developed using a technique of dimensional analysis (DA) to evaluate pile head deflection under different pile diameters, different pile materials and varying soil conditions. The estimated pile head deflection using DA equation is compared with 14nos. of measured lateral pile load test results conducted at the site. It can be observed from this study that, the dimensional analysis can be used effectively to estimate the pile head deflection. More variables based on more field results can be introduced in the mathematical model to increase the accuracy in the estimation of pile head deflection. Keywords: Pile head deflection, Lateral pile load, Dimensional analysis
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In the present paper we carried out several experiments in oxygen or dry air, at low
temperature of some metallic samples. In order to be able to extend or estimate the corrosion
phenomenon we made use of the modelling of oxygen diffusion through rust layers (oxides) and of
solving the parabolic equations of diffusion, respectively. The diffusion equation is important for
modelling the oxygen diffusion within biological systems and for modelling the neutron flux from
nuclear reactors.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Radial Heat Transport in Packed Beds-III: Correlations of Effective Transport...inventionjournals
The reliability and accuracy of experimental with predictions data of two models ("MC model" Marshall and Coberly model, [1] and modified model by Ibrahim et al. [2] are investigated for the effective radial thermal conductivity (Ker), and the wall heat transfer coefficient (hw) in packed beds in the absence of chemical reactions. The results were evaluated by the modified mathematical model as to the boundary bed inlet temperature; (To) number of terms of the solution series and number of experimental points used in the estimate. Very satisfactory was attained between the predicted and measured temperature profiles for a range of experiments. These cover a range of tube to (equivalent) particle diameter ratios from dt /dp = 4 to 10; Reynolds numbers ranged between 3.8-218 for particle, and elevated pressure from 11 to 20 bar for particle catalyst pellets. In all cases the fluid flowing throughout the bed has been air. The results indicate to the choice of the inlet boundary condition can have a large impact on the values of obtained parameters. And model parameters have been shown to be dependent on the pressure inside the reactor. The following correlations for both (hw) and (Ker) respectively under a given conditions obtained by using multiple regressions of our results that based on the modified mathematical model: Nuw = 67.9Re0.883(dt /dp) -0.635(P/Po) -1.354 Ker = 0.2396 + 0.0041Re The results accuracy of these correlations obtained from the modified mathematical model are more than the results accuracy of correlations obtained from MC model with respect to experimental data; these accuracy of both correlations reach up to 91% and 65% for (hw) and (Ker) respectively; which these results indicate to the reliability
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
10 Insightful Quotes On Designing A Better Customer ExperienceYuan Wang
In an ever-changing landscape of one digital disruption after another, companies and organisations are looking for new ways to understand their target markets and engage them better. Increasingly they invest in user experience (UX) and customer experience design (CX) capabilities by working with a specialist UX agency or developing their own UX lab. Some UX practitioners are touting leaner and faster ways of developing customer-centric products and services, via methodologies such as guerilla research, rapid prototyping and Agile UX. Others seek innovation and fulfilment by spending more time in research, being more inclusive, and designing for social goods.
Experience is more than just an interface. It is a relationship, as well as a series of touch points between your brand and your customer. Here are our top 10 highlights and takeaways from the recent UX Australia conference to help you transform your customer experience design.
For full article, continue reading at https://yump.com.au/10-ways-supercharge-customer-experience-design/
Analysis of stress in circular hollow section by fea and analytical techniqueeSAT Journals
Abstract This study focus on stress calculation in a cantilever beam by FEA &Analytical techniques. To know the value of maximum load bearing capacity of any particular beam this study has been generated. Structural analysis is foremost requirement in a design process. Also when we perform FEA analysis of any structure we cannot blindly trust on its result. If we don’t have any past result data of that structure, it became difficult for us to know the deviation of result. For that purpose we may require analytical calculation result in order to compare result value of FEA. Hence in this study a range of load values are applied on cantilever beam by both techniques. Later graph has been plotted for different load values & verification of results is carried out. Keywords: Structure Analysis, CATIA, FEA and Benchmarking
A short introduction presentation about the Basics of Finite Element Analysis. This presentation mainly represents the applications of FEA in the real time world.
Numerical modeling to evaluate pile head deflection under the lateral loadeSAT Journals
Abstract The complex behavior of pile head deflection under the lateral load can be studied using various analytical methods and the softwares. Often the lateral pile load testing is carried out in the field to confirm the calculated lateral pile capacity. However, even with the use of sophisticated latest softwares, the accurate deflection of pile head cannot be estimated. Hence an attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the pile head deflection using the field load-deflection data and the corresponding soil and pile properties. A preliminary mathematical model has been developed using a technique of dimensional analysis (DA) to evaluate pile head deflection under different pile diameters, different pile materials and varying soil conditions. The estimated pile head deflection using DA equation is compared with 14nos. of measured lateral pile load test results conducted at the site. It can be observed from this study that, the dimensional analysis can be used effectively to estimate the pile head deflection. More variables based on more field results can be introduced in the mathematical model to increase the accuracy in the estimation of pile head deflection. Keywords: Pile head deflection, Lateral pile load, Dimensional analysis
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In the present paper we carried out several experiments in oxygen or dry air, at low
temperature of some metallic samples. In order to be able to extend or estimate the corrosion
phenomenon we made use of the modelling of oxygen diffusion through rust layers (oxides) and of
solving the parabolic equations of diffusion, respectively. The diffusion equation is important for
modelling the oxygen diffusion within biological systems and for modelling the neutron flux from
nuclear reactors.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Radial Heat Transport in Packed Beds-III: Correlations of Effective Transport...inventionjournals
The reliability and accuracy of experimental with predictions data of two models ("MC model" Marshall and Coberly model, [1] and modified model by Ibrahim et al. [2] are investigated for the effective radial thermal conductivity (Ker), and the wall heat transfer coefficient (hw) in packed beds in the absence of chemical reactions. The results were evaluated by the modified mathematical model as to the boundary bed inlet temperature; (To) number of terms of the solution series and number of experimental points used in the estimate. Very satisfactory was attained between the predicted and measured temperature profiles for a range of experiments. These cover a range of tube to (equivalent) particle diameter ratios from dt /dp = 4 to 10; Reynolds numbers ranged between 3.8-218 for particle, and elevated pressure from 11 to 20 bar for particle catalyst pellets. In all cases the fluid flowing throughout the bed has been air. The results indicate to the choice of the inlet boundary condition can have a large impact on the values of obtained parameters. And model parameters have been shown to be dependent on the pressure inside the reactor. The following correlations for both (hw) and (Ker) respectively under a given conditions obtained by using multiple regressions of our results that based on the modified mathematical model: Nuw = 67.9Re0.883(dt /dp) -0.635(P/Po) -1.354 Ker = 0.2396 + 0.0041Re The results accuracy of these correlations obtained from the modified mathematical model are more than the results accuracy of correlations obtained from MC model with respect to experimental data; these accuracy of both correlations reach up to 91% and 65% for (hw) and (Ker) respectively; which these results indicate to the reliability
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
10 Insightful Quotes On Designing A Better Customer ExperienceYuan Wang
In an ever-changing landscape of one digital disruption after another, companies and organisations are looking for new ways to understand their target markets and engage them better. Increasingly they invest in user experience (UX) and customer experience design (CX) capabilities by working with a specialist UX agency or developing their own UX lab. Some UX practitioners are touting leaner and faster ways of developing customer-centric products and services, via methodologies such as guerilla research, rapid prototyping and Agile UX. Others seek innovation and fulfilment by spending more time in research, being more inclusive, and designing for social goods.
Experience is more than just an interface. It is a relationship, as well as a series of touch points between your brand and your customer. Here are our top 10 highlights and takeaways from the recent UX Australia conference to help you transform your customer experience design.
For full article, continue reading at https://yump.com.au/10-ways-supercharge-customer-experience-design/
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
By David F. Larcker, Stephen A. Miles, and Brian Tayan
Stanford Closer Look Series
Overview:
Shareholders pay considerable attention to the choice of executive selected as the new CEO whenever a change in leadership takes place. However, without an inside look at the leading candidates to assume the CEO role, it is difficult for shareholders to tell whether the board has made the correct choice. In this Closer Look, we examine CEO succession events among the largest 100 companies over a ten-year period to determine what happens to the executives who were not selected (i.e., the “succession losers”) and how they perform relative to those who were selected (the “succession winners”).
We ask:
• Are the executives selected for the CEO role really better than those passed over?
• What are the implications for understanding the labor market for executive talent?
• Are differences in performance due to operating conditions or quality of available talent?
• Are boards better at identifying CEO talent than other research generally suggests?
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Natural Convection of Converge...IJERA Editor
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out for the convergent-divergent fins arranged inline and staggered on the base plate as per the experimental setup provided in the technical paper [1]. This paper reports on the validation of results of modeling and simulation in CFD. The simulation was carried out using the ANSYS 12.0 as the CFD modeling software. The main objective of the CFD analysis was to calculate the temperature distribution on the surface of the base plate and surface of the convergent-divergent fins for the given inline and staggered arrangement of fins due to the effect of natural convection heat transfer for different heat power inputs, and also to compare the CFD results with the experimental results.
Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving the Nonlinear Heat EquationIJERA Editor
This paper studies the application of the Adomian Decomposition Method to find the exact and approximate solutions of the heat equation with power nonlinearity. First, the relevant literature is studied in understanding the importance and extent of applicability of the method in the applied science. The literature review has been incorporated in the introduction of the paper. The rest of the paper is divided in three further sections. The first part Adomian Decomposition Method provides a step-by-step guide of applying the method on any heat equation with nonlinearity. The second section is labeled as Applications. It considers two examples from the previous works of Pumak (2005) and Hetmaniok et al. (2010) to find the exact and approximate solutions of the equations respectively.
Numerical Simulation and Modeling of UNSA91060 for Heat Transfer in Four-Stro...IJAEMSJORNAL
Heat transfer is one of a number of indispensable tools in studying of ICEs, due to its influence on decisive parameters of operation like temperature and pressure inside the cylinder. It is safe to say that modeling of the engine heat transfer is among the most complex problems for engineers. Application of numerical methods to predict the heat transfer in a cylinder of reciprocating ICEs is a process of high importance, which was recognized from the earliest stages of their development. This is done to examine performance optimization and design improvement in order to meet nowadays demands exhibited on the engines. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline engine model via formulated of models, simulating using FEM in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the engine cylinder head model. The number of degrees of freedom solved for were 32685 in 383 s (12 minutes, 20 seconds) in the mesh optimization. From the result obtained it was discovered that the heat transfer in the combustion chamber of the ICE varies with time. Thus, it took the engine 10 minutes to complete a cycle vis-a-vis transfer of heat after combustion and that the heat transfer starts after 30 seconds of combustion. In addition, the temperature of the cylinder dropped from 1273.2 K to 301 K over a period of 10 minute.
Integral transform methods for inverse problem of heat conduction with known ...IJLT EMAS
Three dimensional inverse transient thermoelastic problem of a semi-infinite hollow cylinder is considered within the context of the theory of generalized thermoelasticity. The lower surface, upper surface and inner surface of the semi-infinite hollow cylinder occupying the space D={(x,y,z)E R<sup>3</sup>: a≤(x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>)<sup>1/2</sup> ≤b, 0≤z≤∞} are known boundary conditions. Finite Marchi-Zgrablich transform and Fourier sine transform techniques are used to determine the unknown temperature gradient, temperature distribution, displacement and thermal stresses on outer curved surface of a cylinder. The distribution of the considered physical variables are obtained and represented graphically.
Similarity Solution of an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer Boundary Layer Flow...iosrjce
The unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting
fluid through a porous medium bounded by a moving surface has been considered. It is assumed that the moving
surface has a velocity profile with respect to time and fluid flow is taken under the influence of a transverse
magnetic field. The similarity solution is used to transform the system of partial differential equations,
describing the problem under consideration, into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential
equations and an efficient numerical technique is implemented to solve the reduced system. The effects of the
parameters such as Magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number are discussed graphically on
velocity and temperature distributions
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Thermal Protection System design of a Reusable Launch Vehicle using integral...AndreaAprovitola
In the present paper a modelling procedure of the thermal
protection system designed for a conceptual Reusable Launch Vehicle is
presented.
A special parametric model, featuring a scalar field irradiated by a
set
of bi-dimensional soft objects is
developed and used to assign an almost arbitrary distribution of
insulating materials over the vehicle surface.
The model fully exploits the auto-blending capability of soft
objects, and allows an rational distribution of thermal
coating materials
using a limited number of parameters.
Applications to different conceptual vehicle configurations of an assigned
thickness map, and materials layout show the flexibility
of the model.
The model is finally integrated in the framework of a multidisciplinary
analysis to perform a trajectory-based TPS sizing, subjected
to fixed thermal constraints.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Sensible heat energy storage technology using low cost locally available ther...Husain Mehdi
Thermal energy storage in packed beds is increasing attention due to necessary component for efficient utilization of solar energy. A one dimensional thermal model for the behavior of a packed bed is presented for low cost thermal energy sensible heat energy storage materials (i.e. stone, glass, rocks, bricks, and granite) and air as the heat transfer fluid. This model predicts successfully during storage are presented for brick and rock in a cylindrical packed bed storage unit. Explicit expression for time variation of storage material temperature and air flowing in the system have been developed and performance parameters have been computed for five storage materials.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
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GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
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Session Overview
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- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
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De-mystifying Zero to One: Design Informed Techniques for Greenfield Innovati...
Gi3611461154
1. M. A. Fahmy et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1146-1154
RESEARCH ARTICLE
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OPEN ACCESS
Computer Implementation of the Drbem for Studying the Classical
Uncoupled Theory of Thermoelasticity of Functionally Graded
Anisotropic Rotating Plates
M. A. Fahmy(a,b), A. M. Salemb, M. S. Metwallyc And M. M. Rashidc
a
Mathematics Department,University College, Umm Al-Qura University,Makkah,The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University,Ismailia,Egypt.
c
Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez,Egypt.
b
Abstract
A numerical computer model based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) is extended to
study the classical uncoupled theory of thermoelasticity of functionally graded anisotropic rotating plates. In the
case of plane deformation, a predictor-corrector implicit-explicit time integration algorithm was developed and
implemented for use with the DRBEM to obtain the solution for the displacement and temperature fields in the
context of the classical uncoupled theory of thermoelasticity. Numerical results that demonstrate the validity of the
proposed method are also presented in the tables.
2010 Mathematics subject classification: 74B05 74E05 74F05 74H05 74S20
Key words: Thermoelasticity; Rotation; Functionally graded Material; Anisotropic; Dual Reciprocity Boundary
Element Method.
I. Introduction
Biot [1] introduced the classical coupled
thermo-elasticity theory (CCTE) to overcome the first
shortcoming in the classical thermo-elasticity theory
(CTE) introduced by Duhamel [2] and Neuman [3]
where it predicts two phenomena not compatible with
physical observations. First, the equation of heat
conduction of this theory does not contain any elastic
terms. Second, the heat equation is of a parabolic type,
predicting infinite speeds of propagation for heat waves.
Most of the approaches that came out to overcome the
unacceptable prediction of the classical theory are based
on the general notion of relaxing the heat flux in the
classical Fourier heat conduction equation, thereby
introducing a non-Fourier effect. One of the simplest
forms of these equation is due to the work of Lord and
Shulman [4] who introduced extended thermo-elasticity
theory (ETE) with one relaxation time by constructing a
new law of heat conduction to replace the classical
Fourier's law. This law contains the heat flux vector as
well as its time derivative. It contains also new constant
that acts as relaxation time. Since the heat equation of
this theory is of the wave-type, it automatically ensures
finite speeds of propagation for heat and elastic waves.
Green and Lindsay [5] included a temperature rate
among the constitutive variables to develop a
temperature-rate-dependent thermo-elasticity theory
(TRDTE) that does not violate the classical Fourier's law
of heat conduction when the body under consideration
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has a center of symmetry; this theory also predicts a
finite speed of heat propagation and is known as the
theory of thermoelasticity with two relaxation times.
According to these theories, heat propagation should be
viewed as a wave phenomenon rather than diffusion one.
Relevant theoretical developments on the subject were
made by Green and Naghdi [6, 7] they developed three
models for generalized thermoelasticity of homogeneous
isotropic materials which are labeled as model I, II and
III. It is hard to find the analytical solution of a problem
in a general case, therefore, an important number of
engineering and mathematical papers devoted to the
numerical solution have studied the overall behavior of
such materials (see, e.g., [8-27]).
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are made
of a mixture with arbitrary composition of two different
materials, and the volume fraction of each material
changes continuously and gradually. The FGMs concept
is applicable to many industrial fields such as aerospace,
nuclear energy, chemical plant, electronics, biomaterials
and so on. Works by Skouras et al. [28], Mojdehi et al.
[29], Loghman et al. [30] and Mirzaei and Dehghan [31]
are examples involving functionally graded materials.
One of the most frequently used techniques for
converting the domain integral into a boundary one is the
so-called dual reciprocity boundary element method
(DRBEM). This method was initially developed by
Nardini and Brebbia [32] in the context of twodimensional (2D) elastodynamics and has been extended
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to deal with a variety of problems wherein the domain
integral may account for linear-nonlinear static-dynamic
effects. A more extensive historical review and
applications of dual reciprocity boundary element
method may be found in Brebbia et al. [33], Wrobel and
Brebbia [34], Partridge and Brebbia [35], Partridge and
Wrobel [36] and Fahmy [37-40].
The main objective of this paper is to study the
generalized thermoelasticity problems in a rotating
anisotropic functionally graded plate in the context of the
classical uncoupled theory of thermoelasticity. A
predictor-corrector implicit-explicit time integration
algorithm was developed and implemented for use with
the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM)
to obtain the solution for the temperature and
displacement fields. The accuracy of the proposed
method was examined and confirmed by comparing the
obtained results with those known before.
density,
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holds at all points in the medium, is the
is the specific heat capacity, is the time.
III. Numerical implementation
Making use of (2), we can write (1) as follows
where
1
− 2 .
The field equations can now be written in operator form
as follows
where the operators
(4), and the operators
and
and
are defined in equation
are defined as follows
II. Formulation of the problem
Consider a Cartesian coordinates system
as shown in Fig. 1. We shall consider a functionally
graded anisotropic plate rotating about z-axis with a
constant angular velocity. The plate occupies the region
with
graded material properties in the thickness direction.
In this paper, the material is functionally graded
along the
direction. Thus, the governing equations in
the context of the classical uncoupled theory of
thermoelasticity theory can be written in the following
form:
Using the weighted residual method (WRM), the
differential equation (5) is transformed into an integral
equation
Now, we choose the fundamental solution
weighting function as follows
as
The corresponding traction field can be written as
where
is the mechanical stress tensor,
is the
displacement, is the temperature,
and
are
respectively, the constant elastic moduli and stresstemperature coefficients of the anisotropic medium, is
the uniform angular velocity,
are the thermal
conductivity coefficients satisfying the symmetry
relation
and the strict inequality
The fundamental solution
, defined by
of the thermal operator
By implementing the WRM and integration by
parts, the differential equation (6) is transformed into
the thermal reciprocity equation
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The thermoelastic traction vector can be written as
follows
Applying integration by parts to (9) using the
sifting property of the Dirac distribution, with (10) and
(12), we can write the following elastic integral
representation
formula
where the heat fluxes are independent of the elastic
field and can be expressed as follows:
By the use of sifting property, we obtain from (16) the
thermal integral representation formula
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The integral representation formulae of elastic and
thermal fields (13) and (18) can be combined to form a
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single equation as follows
It is convenient to use the contracted notation to introduce generalized thermoelastic vectors and tensors, which
contain corresponding elastic and thermal variables as follows:
The thermoelastic representation formula (19) can be written in contracted notation as:
The vector
can be written in the split form as follows
where
with
The thermoelastic representation formula (19) can also be written in matrix form as follows:
Our task now is to implement the DRBEM. To
transform the domain integral in (25) to the boundary,
we approximate the source vector
in the domain as
usual by a series of given tensor functions
and
unknown coefficients
According to the DRBEM, the surface of the solid has
to be discretized into boundary elements. In order to
make the implementation easy to compute, we use
collocation points on the boundary and another
in
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the interior of
so that the total number of
interpolation points is
.
Thus, the thermoelastic representation formula (25) can
be written in the following form
By applying the WRM to the following
inhomogeneous elastic and thermal equations:
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where the weighting functions are chosen to be the
elastic and thermal fundamental solutions
and .
Then the elastic and thermal representation formulae
are similar to those of Fahmy [41] within the context of
the uncoupled theory and are given as follows
According to the steps described in Fahmy
[42], the dual reciprocity boundary integral equation
(40) can be written in the following system of equations
The dual representation formulae of elastic and thermal
fields can be combined to form a single equation as
follows
with the substitution of (41) into (36), the dual
reciprocity representation formula of coupled
thermoelasticity can be expressed as follows
It is important to note the difference between the
matrices and : whereas contains the fundamental
solution
, the matrix
contains the modified
fundamental tensor
with the coupling term.
The technique was proposed by Partridge et al. [43] can
be extended to treat the convective terms, then the
generalized displacements
and velocities
are
approximated by a series of tensor functions
and
unknown coefficients
and
The gradients of the generalized displacement and
velocity can be approximated as follows
These approximations are substituted into
equation (28) to approximate the corresponding source
term as follows
To calculate interior stresses, (42) is differentiated with
respect to as follows
where
The same point collocation procedure
described in Gaul, et al. [44] can be applied to (33),
(43) and (44). This leads to the following system of
equations
Similarly, the application of the point
collocation procedure to the source terms equations
(29), (30), (31) and (47) leads to the following system
of equations
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Solving the system (49) for ,
and
yields
with
Now, the coefficients can be expressed in terms of
nodal values of the unknown displacements ,
velocities and accelerations as follows:
where and
are assembled using the submatrices
and
respectively.
Substituting from Eq. (55) into Eq. (42), we obtain
in which
defined by
and
are independent of time and are
where ,
and
represent the volume, mass,
damping and stiffness matrices, respectively;
and
represent the acceleration, velocity,
displacement and external force vectors, respectively.
The initial value problem consists of finding the
function
satisfying equation (56) and the
initial conditions
where
are given vectors of initial data. Then, from Eq. (56),
we can compute the initial acceleration vector
as
follows
An implicit-explicit time integration algorithm of
Hughes et al. [45, 46], was developed and implemented
for use with the DRBEM. This algorithm consists of
satisfying the following equations
Note that in the implicit part,
is always non
symmetric. However,
still possesses the usual
"band-profile"
structure
associated
with
the
connectivity of the DRBEM mesh, and has a symmetric
profile. So the third step is to solve
using a Crout elimination algorithm [48] which fully
exploits that structure in that zeroes outside the profile
are neither stored nor operated upon. The fourth step is
to use predictor-corrector equation (60) to obtain the
corrector displacement.
The stability analysis of the algorithm under
consideration has been discussed in detail in Hughes
and Liu [45] and the stability conditions have also been
derived in the same reference, therefore does not
strictly apply to the considered problem.
IV. Numercal result and discussion
Following Rasolofosaon and Zinszner [49]
monoclinic North Sea sandstone reservoir rock was
chosen as an anisotropic material and physical data are
as follows:
Elasticity tensor
where
Mechanical temperature coefficient
in which the implicit and explicit parts are respectively
denoted by the superscripts and . Also, we used the
quantities
and
to denote the predictor
values, and
and
to denote the corrector
values [45, 46]. It is easy to recognize that the equations
(60)-(63) correspond to the Newmark formulas [47].
At each time-step, equations (59)-(61), constitute an
algebraic problem in terms of the unknown
. The
first step in the code starts by forming and factoring the
effective mass
The time step
must be constant to run this step. As
the time-step
is changed, the first step should be
repeated at each new step. The second step is to form
residual force
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Tensor of thermal conductivity is
Mass density
J/(kg K),
kg/
and heat capacity
Oersted,
Gauss/Oersted,
,
. The
numerical values of the temperature and displacement
are obtained by discretizing the boundary into 120
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elements
and choosing 60 well spaced
out collocation points
in the interior of the
solution domain, refer to the recent work of Fahmy [5052].
The initial and boundary conditions considered in the
calculations are
at
at
at
at
at
dynamic
problem.
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Table 1 shows the variation of the temperature , the
displacements
and
and thermal stresses
,
and
with time . We can conclude from this table
that the displacements and thermal stresses increase
with increasing but the temperature decreases with
increasing . In the special case under consideration.
These results obtained with the DRBEM have been
written in the table 1, the validity of the proposed
method was examined and confirmed by comparing the
obtained results with those obtained in table 2 using the
Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method of
Hosseini et al. [53]. It can be seen from these tables that
the DRBEM results are in excellent agreement with the
results
obtained
by
MLPG
method.
The present work should be applicable to any
uncoupled thermo-elastic deformation
Table 1. Variation of the temperature, displacements and thermal stresses with time for DRBEM method
0.0
1.00000000
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0.79734265
-0.78235742
0.04789432
0.19209755
-0.58793410
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0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.99746321
0.98356724
0.97251367
0.96254384
0.95924873
0.94783428
0.93456832
0.92785329
0.91462893
0.90245678
0.80398721
0.81562437
0.82386479
0.83947624
0.84763896
0.85375738
0.86897435
0.87524235
0.88946544
0.89865445
-0.76828456
-0.74876432
-0.72345126
-0.70398641
-0.68964320
-0.66834231
-0.64789345
-0.63789324
-0.62974832
-0.61977453
0.04938734
0.05193486
0.05398537
0.05568934
0.05789432
0.05938274
0.06197354
0.06315391
0.06572943
0.06783491
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0.25930234
0.31759834
0.37654921
0.43827356
0.49873361
0.55982301
0.61439860
0.67136902
0.73489623
0.79573454
-0.53984251
-0.48923817
-0.43574542
-0.38094762
-0.33028974
-0.28034681
-0.23945218
-0.18703923
-0.13903657
-0.08935421
Table 2. Variation of the temperature, displacements and thermal stresses with time for MLPG method
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.00000000
0.99746315
0.98356718
0.97251361
0.96254378
0.95924867
0.94783461
0.93456826
0.92785323
0.91462887
0.90245681
0.79734260
0.80398716
0.81562432
0.82386474
0.83947619
0.84763891
0.85375733
0.86897430
0.87524230
0.88946539
0.89865440
-0.78235738
-0.76828456
-0.74876432
-0.72345126
-0.70398641
-0.68964320
-0.66834231
-0.64789345
-0.63789324
-0.62974832
-0.61977453
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