Geothermal Energy At The Salton Sea
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This report focuses on geothermal technology and the CalEnergy operations at the Salton Sea, situated near Brawley, California.
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![Geothermal Energy at the Salton Sea<br />By Jesse Rogers<br />SDSU, Intro to Renewable Energy<br />November, 2009<br />Intro<br />This report focuses on geothermal technology and the CalEnergy operations at the Salton Sea, situated near Brawley, California. CalEnergy generates energy and started geothermal energy generation in 1982. The company is 50% owned by MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company and employs 220 people for 10 generating plants. An attempt to contact CalEnergy’s corporate office in Des Moines, Iowa was made to organize a tour at the Imperial Valley operations. They referred me to Mr. Mark T. Gran, Vice President of Real Estate Assets and Community Relations. Mr. Gran’s previous background in real estate and as a long time member of the Imperial Valley Chamber of Commerce led him to his current position, which he has held for over a year and a half. Coincidentally, a fellow student of SDSU, Jeanie Anderson also contacted Mr. Gran and we decided to carpool out to the desert along with a colleague, Karen Harrington, to see what geothermal energy was all about. We arrived to Mr. Gran’s office on the morning of October 30th located in beautiful downtown Brawley, where he gave us several presentations about the history, technology, and key issues surrounding the plants, in addition to his profound knowledge of the trends of the area. We then drove to the Hoch plant at the rim of the Salton Sea and got a first-hand look at the plant in operation and were able to ask several of the workers questions about their responsibilities and challenges they face daily. The trip was long, but well worth our time and effort. The following sections will reveal the information gained from our tour so that the reader will better understand not only the technology, but also the obstacles that the plants confront to generate energy, as well as other interesting information from our tour at CalEnergy. <br />Geothermal Technology Basics<br />Geothermal energy was first exploited in Larderello, Italy in 1904 and that same plant is still generating energy today. The technology uses thermal energy from reservoirs deep below the earth’s surface. To access these reservoirs, wells must be drilled as far as two miles down. At this depth, a geothermal reservoir is heated by magma or hot molten rock to temperatures that reach up to 700°F. Other visible forms of geothermal energy are hot springs, geysers, fumaroles and volcanoes. Like an artesian well, the hot water and/or steam raises to the surface naturally. While the hot water reaches the surface some of the water changes into steam, which is called a flash. Energy plants where flashing occurs are called flash steam plants and is part of the process at the CalEnergy geothermal operations at the Salton Sea. Other techniques include the dry steam plants that use only steam from the geothermal reservoir. The binary plants are another variety and use geothermal water at temperatures much lower than other techniques. To create a flash a binary plant uses a second liquid with a lower boiling point. Sulfuric acid is used to suspend the particles and brine as they come up with the steam and water to the surface. If these particles are not suspended they can corrode or clog the pipes that channel the steam through the in-take process. The natural pressure of the steam is then forced against a turbine which spins to generate electricity. The steam is in turn, condensed back into water and injected back to the geothermal reservoir, where the water gets reheated again and can be reused. An average of 25% of the water is lost through the process at the CalEnergy plants at the Salton Sea. Each of the CalEnergy plants operates with a staff of 25-30 personnel and additional administrative staff. “The combined capacity of the Imperial Valley plants is approximately 340 net Megawatts – equivalent to the electrical demands of more than 330,000 homes (CalEnergy p.1)”.<br />Capital Investment<br />According to Vince Signorotti, who worked for CalEnergy for over 25 years, “The single greatest obstacle to developing geothermal resources is the extremely high capital cost. When you develop a geothermal power plant, you are going to develop a 30 year supply of fuel by drilling all of your production wells, drilling all of your injection wells connecting those wells to a plant and building the plant, before you generate a single dollar of revenue (Heald p.5).” The Geothermal Energy Association estimates the cost of building a 50-megawatt geothermal power plant at $2,800 per kilowatt, or about $140 million. Mr. Signorotti believes that figure is low and is probably closer to $215 million. Nevertheless, once the plant is up and running the heat from the ground is free and constant.<br />Maintenance and Brine<br />While the cost of operating an up and running plant is relatively low, schedule maintenance is carried out at least once a year, which involves shutting the entire plant down for a week to examine and/or replace faulty components. While maintenance can hinder production, brine that is carried up from the geothermal reservoir can also prove extremely problematic. The brine is made up of primarily Chloride, Sodium and Calcium, but also includes Potassium, Carbon Dioxide, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Silica and Strontium. Ideally, this brine is kept suspended while it rises to the surface with the help of sulfuric acid. If the brine is not suspended it has the potential to severely damage the intake components. For example, plant Sinclair #1 was taken off line permanently after only two months of operating because of clogged pipes. Given that each of these plants is obligated to a contract to generate energy, an unexpected event that shuts the plant down could cut into the projected amount that the geothermal energy company agrees to supply to the utilities. <br />Water<br />Because the Imperial Valley is situated in the desert, access to water is a very important feature in the economic development of the region. In fact, the Salton Sea, which is located in the Imperial Valley, did not always exist. The history behind the creation of the Salton Sea started in 1901, when the California Development Company made an attempt to dig irrigation canals from the Colorado River to supply the Imperial Valley. To the engineer’s surprise, heavy rains caused the canal system to break and directed nearly all of the rivers flow into the valley. The breach was later repaired, but the incident had already created the present day Salton Sea. <br />The governing body that oversees the water issues in the region is the Imperial Irrigation District (IID). In reaction to the expanding agricultural farms and the potential for additional energy generation facilities, “the IID has an interim plan in place to limit the non-agricultural businesses around the Salton Sea to 3.1 acre feet of water and 2.5 acre feet for agriculture annually (Gran)”. Nevertheless, CalEnergy has not exceeded their limits of water and has not impaired productivity of any of the local farms. <br />Transmission<br />Despite the lucrative opportunities that exist for additional geothermal plants, the issue of expanding the current transmission line poses the greatest obstacle. Currently, the Imperial Valley has a number of projects in the works to develop more geothermal plants, solar thermal plants and wind farms. However, none of these can break ground until an adequate transmission infrastructure is put in place. SDG&E, our local utility company, received approval on the Sunrise Powerlink from the CPUC which would install an approximately 90-mile, 500 kV line from Imperial Valley Substation (in Imperial County, near the City of El Centro) to a new Central East Substation (in central San Diego County, south of the intersection of County Highways S22 and S2). The project has been controversial, because of the possible environmental impact, aesthetics, and also because of the cost and reliability issues. Most residents fear that the power lines will damage important local habitat and the quality of life that drew them to the area. On the other hand, Michael Shames the executive director of the Utility Consumers Action Network in San Diego has filed two lawsuits challenging the project. quot;
We're asking the court to review whether the Public Utilities Commission followed the state law that requires them to consider alternatives, economically-feasible alternatives, to transmission lines,quot;
Shames says (Joyce, KPBS). He and other opponents claim alternatives, like rooftop solar, could provide the same electric resource without the environmental degradation they fear from the Sunrise Powerlink. Despite the approved plan, the additional transmission lines have been held up in the courts and have not been constructed. Currently, the geothermal operations are generating 537 MW and have an estimated potential of generating 2300 MW. However, no expansion can take place until the need for more transmission lines is addressed.<br />Environmental impact<br />According to CalEnergy, the impact that their plants have on the natural environment are minimal. As opposed to Coal, Oil and Natural Gas, Geothermal energy generation emits very low levels of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. <br />The plants have had a clean record and have a protocol in place to guarantee that the surrounding areas are protected. The main hazards come from the presence of sulfuric acid at the plant. In the event of an accidental dumping of sulfuric acid the company would extract all affected soil to prevent any toxins from entering the agricultural activities or watershed. <br />Occasionally, large groups of dead fish can be found around the Salton Sea, but this phenomenon is not link to the geothermal activity in the area. Normally, the number of dead fish can reach up to tens of thousands and several times there have been as many as hundreds of thousands of dead fish. The scientific explanation of summer fish die-offs involves the oxygen-depleting from a combination of sun and salt. Salt water carries less oxygen than fresh water; hot water carries less oxygen than cool water. When the Salton Sea’s briny water heats up in summer temperatures that can reach 125°F, fish begin to suffocate and when a summer wind churns up the nutrients, causing algae blooms, sometimes turning an entire end of the lake green within a day. The decaying algae also consume more of the water's oxygen.<br />Close to the geothermal plant lies the Sonny Bono Salton Sea Wildlife Refuge that has coexisted with CalEnergy’s operations since its creation. In the past, there have been a number of dead birds found around the Salton Sea, but these deaths have no connection to the geothermal activity in the area. Some experts say that the dying birds are directly related to the dying fish. Because the Salton Sea is an important stop for migratory birds, it has been suggested that it is all bad timing and the birds have nothing to eat when they arrive. On the other hand, the near extinction of the Brown Pelican has been blamed on pesticides like DDT and dieldrin. DDT causes the pelican eggshells to be overly thin and incapable of supporting the embryo to mature. The high levels of pesticides have been blamed on the agricultural activity in the area. Furthermore, the New River, which passes through Brawley, is the single most polluted river in the United States. The high levels of contamination originate from untreated runoff from Mexico and farm runoff from the local farms in Brawley.<br />Community Relations<br />One of my personal interests prior to our tour was the community relations projects that CalEnergy has had in place. Mr. Gran explained that CalEnergy has participated in a workforce development to include the local community directly with its success. The company is currently helping develop a curriculum at Imperial College and is a regular at the Brawley Union High School Career Day. In addition, the company is a co-sponsor of the Cattle Call Rodeo and several local golf tournaments. <br />Closing<br />I believe that geothermal energy is a bona fide renewable energy. It is much cleaner compared to other traditional forms of energy generation and is 100% domestic. While wind and solar can boast the benefits of distributed energy, geothermal has an annual availability around the clock. Furthermore, due to a high up front capital investment geothermal energy has a high impact on economic development. <br />I have to admit that prior to this class, I did not know a lot about neither geothermal technology nor the extensive development of geothermal energy in close proximity to San Diego. In fact, not many of my friends or family knew about it either. Given their absence in San Diego and Los Angeles, I would hope to see more outreach programs from CalEnergy and other companies waiting to exploit renewable energy around the Salton Sea to inform people about the immense potential to create jobs and cut down on carbon emissions using these resources. With more awareness there could be more public support for not only projects like the Sunrise Powerlink, but also future renewable energy generation in the area. More documentation was request from CalEnergy after our visit to provide details in this report, but that information was never received. <br />Thanks for taking the time to read my project. I really enjoyed this class. Furthermore, I feel fortunate to have learned from your expertise that all of you brought to the discussion board. There are some really intelligent people in this class and I hope that one day we can all be putting our ideas and talent to use in the field of renewable energy.<br />Bibliography<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/geothermalenergyatthesaltonsea-12736976971433-phpapp02/85/Geothermal-Energy-At-The-Salton-Sea-1-320.jpg)
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The document discusses problems caused by fossil fuels such as air and water pollution, health effects, and global warming from CO2 emissions. It proposes that alternative energy sources like nuclear, solar, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, wind, geothermal, and biomass could provide solutions because they cause minimal pollution, don't cause global warming, and are locally available renewable resources. These alternative energy sources are seen as increasingly important options as concerns rise over nuclear power and fossil fuel depletion.
Geothermal ground source energy
Geothermal energy refers to heat from the Earth that can be used to generate electricity or provide direct heating. Tapping geothermal heat has occurred for thousands of years, but its use expanded in the 20th century. Now, geothermal energy provides a significant portion of electricity in several countries and global potential is large. However, high upfront costs, exploration risks, and lack of awareness present barriers. Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) are also considered geothermal energy as they use shallow Earth temperatures for heating and cooling buildings efficiently. GSHPs have widespread applications and increased usage could provide climate and economic benefits.
Centralised Vs Decentralised
This document discusses issues with centralized power generation and promotes distributed and renewable energy alternatives. It notes that centralized power is inefficient due to wasted heat from remote power plants and transmission losses over long distances. Large centralized projects also often run over budget and time. Distributed generation using renewable sources like solar and wind at the local level is presented as more efficient and reliable, while also allowing individuals more control over their energy supply through technologies like solar water heating and photovoltaics. Demand management through energy efficiency and conservation is also advocated to reduce energy usage and costs.
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy harnesses heat from within the Earth's core through steam or hot water extracted via wells and pipes. It is a renewable and sustainable energy source available in many locations. While geothermal power plants are costly to build and have a risk of failure, they provide clean energy and cost savings over time. A new geothermal plant planned for Bow, NH aims to produce 330 megawatts of energy if construction is successful.
Sources of energy by aakash
This document discusses various natural energy sources including solar, wind, water, biomass, and fossil fuels. Solar energy comes from the sun and can be used to generate electricity via solar panels or heat water in solar water heaters. Wind energy is captured via wind turbines and water energy is captured using hydroelectric dams or tidal barrages. Biomass energy comes from burning plant and animal waste. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas were formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and are found underground. Renewable sources can be replenished within a human lifetime while nonrenewable sources like fossil fuels take much longer to replenish.
Alternative energy sources
Alternative energy sources include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wave, wind, and biomass power. Renewable energy comes from resources that replenish naturally like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy has advantages such as being clean and widely available but also has disadvantages like high research costs and potential environmental effects. Specific alternative energy sources are hydroelectric power from running water, solar power from converting sunlight, geothermal power from heat within the Earth, wind power from wind turbines, and biomass power from biological material.
Beyond Coal to Clean Energy
The document summarizes the Sierra Club's activities in Wisconsin in promoting clean energy and fighting coal use. It discusses the Sierra Club's history, priorities around transitioning from coal to clean energy, and progress made in getting coal plants retired in Wisconsin. It also covers the potential for wind and solar energy in the state and debates around expanding offshore wind development on Lake Michigan.
Futureofrenewableresources sowards h_energy
This document discusses various renewable energy sources including wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, and their current and future supply and demand. Wind energy currently supplies 6% of US energy needs but is projected to reach 30% due to improved technology. Solar meets a small fraction of current US demand but global demand is projected to reach 26% by 2040. Tidal energy has potential but faces challenges from infrastructure costs and environmental impacts. Geothermal has stable long-term supply but high initial costs. The document considers the advantages and disadvantages of each source and concludes the author would invest in wind and hydro due to their development and predictability.
F58fbnatural resources 2
Energy left over from the original formation of the planet along with heat from radioactive decay slowly escapes from within the Earth every day. In some areas where the increase in temperature with depth is high enough, this geothermal energy can be used to generate electricity, but is limited to only a few locations worldwide and faces technical challenges. Another form of geothermal energy is using the Earth's relatively constant subsurface temperature via heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings, which can reduce other energy needs for temperature regulation but cannot produce electricity.
Smart Grid Operational Services The Impact Of Renewables On The Electric Grid...
This document discusses the impact of different types of renewable energy sources on the electric grid. It separates renewables into four categories: 1) Schedulable central station generation (S-Cent) such as biomass that can be scheduled; 2) Variable central station generation (V-Cent) such as wind that cannot be scheduled; 3) Schedulable distributed generation (S-Dist) such as small-scale biomass; and 4) Variable distributed generation (V-Dist) such as rooftop solar. S-Cent and V-Cent connected to the transmission grid pose few integration challenges, while V-Dist is challenging to forecast output for grid operations. The location of renewable sources can require new transmission infrastructure to connect
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I025 - Writing - Feature - Striving For Minimum Impact - Britt
I025 - Writing - Feature - Striving For Minimum Impact - Britt
Renewable energy sources for class 9/10 [Bangladesh]
Renewable energy sources for class 9/10 [Bangladesh]
Smart Grid Operational Services The Impact Of Renewables On The Electric Grid...
Smart Grid Operational Services The Impact Of Renewables On The Electric Grid...
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High Efficiency Fitness Center
The document discusses potential energy efficiency measures for a fitness center to decrease energy consumption. It analyzes installing solar water heaters, replacing windows and doors, installing a heat pump for heating and cooling, and generating power from exercise equipment. Implementing all the measures would cost $105,228 with an estimated payback period of 38.76 years and return a benefit-cost ratio of 1.67. Funding would come from a non-profit organization focused on improving the fitness center.
Facebook Pages for Businesses
The document discusses creating a Facebook page for businesses. It explains the differences between a profile, group, and page, with pages being the best option for businesses. It provides tips for setting up an effective page, including choosing a category and name, adding photos and apps, publishing regularly, and interacting with fans. Business pages allow companies to look official, have multiple admins, integrate with locations, and access analytics to understand audience engagement.
510p3saleh
This document discusses a project analyzing the actual solar resource for tracking surfaces. It includes sections on solar radiation components, monthly and annual resource and losses for a surface tracking the east-west axis in Maugla, Turkey. It also calculates the energy payback time of a domestic solar plant in Fairbanks, Alaska, analyzing installation costs, power output, energy benefits over 25 years, and net present value. The conclusions state that economic benefit depends on solar resource and this model could be applied to other locations at different altitudes.
RFS2 - An Overview
In February 2010, EPA finally nailed down it's analysis and implementation plan for the Renewable Fuels Standard, version 2.0. This presentation covers the main issues and highlights, and delves into some of the minutia before providing key resources for anyone wanting to learn more.
Oh yeah... and images of East Tennessee biofuel pumps (E85, B20, B6) are scattered throughout the presentation just to provide some ET flavor!
Smart Grid 101 for Businesses
The Smart Grid is good for the environment, good for business, good for the bottom line. Sounds great but what does that really mean to your business? We’ll take a look at the Smart Grid in terms of the costs, advantages and steps required to deploy Smart Grid strategies for small to medium sized businesses. Created for MNREM (Minneosta Renewable Energy Marketplace) for Blandin Foundation-led, ARRA supported MIRC (Minnesota Intelligent Rural Communities) project
workplace committees 2000
This certificate certifies that Dean attended a four-day accredited training course on Occupational Health and Safety Committees in Workplaces from December 7-8 and 14-15, 2000. The course covered the Occupational Health and Safety (Committees in Workplaces) Regulation, 1999. The certificate was issued by WorkCover New South Wales on December 15, 2000 and was signed by the accredited trainer David Polsen and coordinator Dawn Peacock.
Geothermal Industry
This document provides an overview of the geothermal energy industry. It discusses how geothermal energy works by tapping into heat stored in the Earth's crust, and the different types of geothermal power plants including dry steam, flash steam, and binary plants. Key success factors for geothermal energy development include growing energy demand, base load capacity, and government support for renewable energy. The document also reviews current geothermal capacity worldwide and in the US, as well as technology, costs, risks, and outlook for the industry.
edT2 energy intro and fossil fuels
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas that are non-renewable and were formed over millions of years from buried plants and animals. It notes that fossil fuels cause climate change by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and can cause environmental damage through acid rain, polluting smoke, and oil spills. Renewable sources that can be replenished like solar and wind are also mentioned.
Intro to LEED EBOM
This introductory seminar will address the new LEED for Existing Building: Operations and Maintenance (LEED EBOM) rating system and will be focused on medium to large sized commercial and institutional buildings. Recently, LEED Existing Buildings Version 2.0 was replaced with an updated version called LEED EBOM. This move was designed to encourage greater industry participation.
This seminar aims to review the new LEED EBOM rating system, discuss the differences between the new and the old system, and to share our experience administering the new LEED EBOM rating system. Topics that will be covered include LEED EBOM Process and Administration and all LEED EBOM credit categories.
Eai presentation investment challenges in small hydro in india delhi mar 2010
The document summarizes potential and investment challenges in small hydro power in India. It notes that India has an estimated potential of 15,000 MW from small hydro, but has only developed around 2500 MW so far. Key challenges to investment include long timelines to obtain regulatory approvals, poor infrastructure for transmitting power to the grid, and uncertainties around geology and community support. However, small hydro also has advantages like proven technology, short construction periods, and applicability to rural electrification. With efforts to streamline approvals and improve transmission infrastructure, over 85% of India's small hydro potential remains untapped.
Future of renewable energy
It's about the future of the renewable energy, why and how the world is turning to the renewable energy.
Eai presentation investment challenges in wind energy in india delhi mar 2010
The document summarizes potential and investment challenges in wind energy in India. It provides an overview of wind energy potential and installed capacity in India. Key points discussed include investment trends that have seen investments rise to over $3 billion in 2009. It also outlines capital and operating costs. Challenges discussed in detail include issues around incentives, transmission infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, structural challenges, and efficiency challenges. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for transmission enhancements, cooperation between stakeholders, shifts in incentive focus, and private-public initiatives to help overcome barriers to further growth in wind energy investment and development in India.
Lattice Energy LLC - Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation...
Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation is critical for every country’s energy security.
Renewable energy sources sometimes unable to fill total national demand for electric power because they are intermittent. Unusual European weather in December 2016 demonstrated that Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) as idealistically envisioned by its many supporters may be impractical.
“One cannot simultaneously rely on massive amounts of wind and sunshine, dispense with nuclear power plants, significantly lower the supply of fossil energy, and nevertheless tell people that electricity will definitely be available in the future.” Quoted from article by Heiner Flassbeck, a prominent German economist, that was published on January 10, 2017
It is thus apparent that national energy security, 99+ % grid uptime availability, and reasonably priced electricity for retail consumers could be jeopardized in countries that don’t have adequate dispatchable power generation capacity.
Electricity shortfalls from renewable wind and solar energy sources are today covered by dispatchable fossil fuel and fission power plants --- if fossil fuels and fission are then phased-out, then what will replace them?
Radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) could potentially provide an alternative nuclear technology to fission and fusion. While LENRs do use safe ultralow energy neutrons to trigger release of nuclear binding energy (heat) from an enormous array of stable element target fuels, they are radically different from Uranium and Thorium fission reactors that require criticality to operate properly. Unlike fission, LENRs don’t involve multiplicative chain reactions with fuels that in turn release multiple neutrons which then explosively accelerate neutron production --- nuclear runaways are not a risk with LENRs.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly produce heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV energetic neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology were successfully developed and scaled-up as outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Renewable And Non Renewable Sources Of Energy
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable resources. It addresses issues like increasing energy usage due to population growth and economic development. Non-renewable fossil fuels are finite and cause pollution problems like acid rain and global warming. Solutions proposed include more efficient energy usage, renewable resources, and international agreements to reduce emissions.
Renewable Energy - Intro ppt
The document provides an introduction to renewable energy sources for power generation. It discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind and solar energy. For wind energy, it describes the technology behind wind turbines and key components. It also discusses solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar thermal plant technologies. The document then provides current installed capacities and scenarios for wind and solar energy in India.
Comparing Wind Power and Other Renewable Energy Sources
There a LOT of energy sources in the world. How does wind energy compare to other renewable energy sources? View this presentation to find out!
Future of Retail #FutureOf
The Future Foundation has carried out an extensive forecasting exercise to explore the future of several commercial themes and sectors beyond 2020. In this report, we examine our predictions for the future of retail, identifying informed assumptions for the evolution of consumer trends, product and service innovations and the role that technological developments will play. We also provide invented images of retail concepts that might characterize the future marketplace as a result of the shifts we describe.
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Eai presentation investment challenges in small hydro in india delhi mar 2010
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Eai presentation investment challenges in wind energy in india delhi mar 2010
Eai presentation investment challenges in wind energy in india delhi mar 2010
Lattice Energy LLC - Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation...
Lattice Energy LLC - Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation...
Comparing Wind Power and Other Renewable Energy Sources
Comparing Wind Power and Other Renewable Energy Sources
Similar to Geothermal Energy At The Salton Sea
DarlingtonNuclearLanteigne2015
- Ontario Power Generation estimates it spends millions of dollars per year managing zebra mussels at its power plants through chlorination, but chlorine poses environmental problems. Alternative methods are being researched but sodium hypochlorite remains the primary control method.
- Excessive growth of Cladophora algae has increased dramatically since the 1980s, causing shutdowns at Pickering and Darlington nuclear plants that cost over $30 million over 10 years. Current measures to control Cladophora and avoid future shutdowns and costs are unclear.
- The shutdown of the Salem nuclear plant for 11 days after an oil spill cost $33.1 million, raising concerns that a spill into the waters around Pick
Darlingtonlanteigne2015final 151103055554-lva1-app6891
Submission to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Council regarding extending the life of Darlington Nuclear Plant. Vocing concerns related to cost and safety.
Renewable and non renewable sources of energy
The document discusses various types of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It provides information on different renewable sources including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. It explains concepts such as how these sources generate and provide energy. It also discusses non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas and how they are formed over long periods of time. The document aims to educate about various energy sources and their usage.
PPT ON NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (Renewable energy resources)
PPT ON NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (Renewable energy resources)ANKIT SAXENA Asst. Prof. @ Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and Management, New Delhi
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste is known as non-conventional energy. All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure.
Natural resources that can be replaced and reused by nature are termed renewable. Natural resources that cannot be replaced are termed nonrenewable.
Renewable resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are used, and depletion is usually not a worry.
Nonrenewable resources are exhaustible and are extracted faster than the rate at which they formed. E.g. Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
Sustanability
This document provides information about hydropower, including:
- Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity through turbines connected to generators.
- The main types of hydropower systems are impoundment, diversion, and pumped storage. Impoundment uses dams to store water in reservoirs, while diversion channels water without dams. Pumped storage pumps water between reservoirs.
- Large hydropower plants supply electricity to many consumers, while small and micro plants power individual needs. Hydropower provides clean energy but building large dams is expensive and can negatively impact communities and ecosystems. Proper management is needed to address issues.
Non conventional energy resources
The document discusses various non-conventional energy sources including solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, hydroelectric energy, biomass energy, and wind energy. It provides information on each type of energy, including how it works, examples of technologies that harness it, advantages and disadvantages. For example, it explains that tidal energy harnesses the potential energy from tidal shifts, and technologies include tidal barrages and tidal stream generators placed in areas with strong tidal currents.
Geothermal power
Geothermal power generates electricity by harnessing heat from within the Earth. It is considered a renewable resource, though specific locations can eventually be depleted as the ground cools over many decades. Three main types of geothermal power plants exist - dry steam, flash, and binary cycle plants. The largest geothermal facility in the world is The Geysers in California, while other significant sites include those in Nevada, Indonesia, and Kenya. Geothermal energy also shows promise for desalination and heating applications.
Geothermal power
Geothermal power generates electricity by harnessing heat from within the Earth. It is considered a renewable resource, though individual locations can eventually be depleted as the ground cools over many decades. There are three main types of geothermal power plants - dry steam, flash, and binary. The largest geothermal plant is at The Geysers in California, producing around 1000 MW of power. Geothermal energy is also used globally with significant resources in the US, Philippines, Indonesia, and East African Rift region. While the heat source is ultimately finite, geothermal energy can provide electricity and heat for many decades from a single location.
Renewable Energy
The document discusses various renewable energy sources including wind, hydro, solar, biomass, geothermal, wave, tidal, and their operating principles. It notes the increasing use of these sources globally but also challenges such as intermittent supply, high costs, environmental impacts, and difficulty of large-scale implementation and energy storage. Overall renewable energy provides clean alternatives to fossil fuels but significant technological and economic challenges remain.
Energysources
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable sources. It provides details on various renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, wind, and fusion. It explains that geothermal energy uses steam from hot water reservoirs below the earth's surface to power turbines and generators without burning fuels. Fusion energy has the potential to provide an unlimited supply with no greenhouse gas emissions, but challenges remain in confining the hot plasma long enough for fusion reactions to occur in a controlled manner.
Hydro1
Water power has been used for centuries to power mills and other tasks, but is now mainly used to generate electricity. Hydroelectric power involves creating dams on streams and rivers to direct the kinetic energy of flowing water towards turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. Large dams like Hoover Dam can generate significant amounts of hydroelectric power. While hydro is a renewable source that avoids greenhouse gas emissions, dams can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and require population relocation. Future advances aim to make hydro power more environmentally sustainable.
environmental impact of geothermal plants
This document discusses the environmental impacts of geothermal power plants. It states that while some impacts are inevitable, they are generally minor compared to other power sources like fossil fuels. The main impacts discussed include air emissions, water usage, land usage, water pollution, induced seismicity, noise pollution, and disturbance of wildlife habitats. However, the document emphasizes that with proper regulation and use of abatement technologies, geothermal energy can be one of the most environmentally friendly power sources due to its low emissions and minimal use of chemicals.
Oil Shale
The document discusses the issues with oil shale development in Utah. It notes that oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which can be converted to fuel. However, extracting kerogen from oil shale uses large amounts of water and has a poor energy return on investment. Developing oil shale would also destroy natural lands, require more dams, and release high greenhouse gas emissions. The document concludes that oil shale is not a responsible energy source due to its environmental impacts.
Alternative Energy 1
The document provides information about various renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It discusses the North Hoyle offshore wind farm located off the coast of Wales, including that it has 30 turbines that provide enough energy for 40,000 homes. It also discusses the Three Gorges Dam in China, the largest hydroelectric project in the world, which will generate thousands of megawatts of electricity but required the relocation of over 2 million people.
hydro power plant .ppt.pptx
how electricity is generated in hydro power plant. different equipment used. te3chnique used and many more.
Water – Energy Nexus, revised PDF by Candace Brown
An updated presentation by Candace Brown for the Water Supply Advisory Committee Ideas Convention.
Proposal Summary:
I propose sustainable clean water through a reliable clean energy source--ocean energy.
Water – Energy Nexus Slideshow for the Santa Cruz Water Advisory Submission
Candace Brown's submission slideshow to the Santa Cruz Water Supply Committee. Entitled "Energy Nexus and Sustainable Water through Ocean Energy, this idea will be presented at the Ideas Convention to be held on October 16th, 2014 at the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium.
New frontiers in energy resources ppt
This document discusses new frontiers in energy resources. It begins by noting that global oil production is peaking and will decline in the coming decades. It then outlines several emerging energy sources that could help address this, including gas hydrates, virtual water trade, wave energy, energy from pollution and algae. Gas hydrates are methane trapped in ice under high pressure that could be a substantial energy source. Virtual water trade refers to the hidden water used in food production and trade. Wave energy captures energy from ocean waves. Technologies are being developed to generate electricity from pollution and algae. In conclusion, renewable sources can extend oil reserves but a new, abundant energy source on par with fossil fuels is still needed.
Energy resources
The document discusses various renewable energy resources including wind, wave, hydro, solar, nuclear, tidal, biomass, and geothermal energy. It provides background on the establishment of the Virginia Coastal Energy Research Consortium to study wind, wave, and marine biomass offshore of Virginia. It also describes the history and technological developments of different renewable energy sources as well as some of the challenges to harnessing them on a larger scale.
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Darlingtonlanteigne2015final 151103055554-lva1-app6891
Darlingtonlanteigne2015final 151103055554-lva1-app6891
PPT ON NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (Renewable energy resources)
PPT ON NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (Renewable energy resources)
Water – Energy Nexus, revised PDF by Candace Brown
Water – Energy Nexus, revised PDF by Candace Brown
Water – Energy Nexus Slideshow for the Santa Cruz Water Advisory Submission
Water – Energy Nexus Slideshow for the Santa Cruz Water Advisory Submission
Geothermal Energy At The Salton Sea
- 2. Heald, Patrick, “Geothermal benefits are real, but long range”, Imperial Valley Living, 10 December. 2008, p.5.
- 3. Gran, Mark, T., Personal Interview. 30 October. 2009.
- 4. Joyce, Ed, “Opponents Of Project Say Approval Battle Far From Over, Sunrise Powerlink Project Faces Legal Challenges”, KPBS news, 13 October. 2009. Web.