Rural settlements are sparsely populated areas like villages where people engage in farming, fishing, and mining. Urban settlements are densely populated areas like towns and cities where people work in secondary industries like manufacturing and tertiary industries such as tourism. Rural areas have few amenities, poor accessibility, and residents must travel long distances for services, while urban areas have reliable access to water, electricity, transportation, and community facilities.

1. Unit 4 Rural and Urban Settlements

2. Rural settlements : It is a sparsely populated place, like a village, with few built-up areas where the inhabitants are engaged in primary activities such as farming, fishing and mining. Urban settlements : Its is a densely populated area, like a town or city, where the inhabitants are engaged in secondary industry such as manufacturing and tertiary industry such as tourism.

3. Characteristics of rural settlements Dominant Functions : - mainly primary activities ( eg farming, mining and lumbering) Amenities: - few amenities, poor accessibility - gets water from rivers and wells - may not have schools and clinics - travel long hours to get to nearest amenities in town or city - footpaths, unpaved and narrow roads used to move around

4. Characteristics of rural settlements Way of life: In LDCs: - simple way of life, slower pace of life - less traffic, less pollution - open interaction between people in the same community ( eg, children play in an open space in a rural settlement in china) - family unit tend to be closely knit and community activities throughout the year draw people together In DCs: - higher standards of living - greater access to amenities and services ( eg, healthcare, education)

5. Characteristics of urban settlements Dominant functions: - residential, towns & cities, commercial and industrial - some towns may concentrate on industries, tourism or administration Amenities( in Singapore): - safe drinking water form taps - ready supply of electricity and gas - many towns served by trains ( eg, MRT & LRT) - community centres, town halls, schools and hospitals provided Way of life: - people lead a fast pace of life - homes well-furnished with basic necessities - amenities such as restaurants and recreational centres established to cater to growing demands of people in urban areas

6. Unit 5 Settlement patterns

7. Settlement patterns Dispersed settlements Linear settlements Nucleated settlements

8. Dispersed settlements Isolated houses or cluster of houses scattered over large area In form of Occur in Rural areas like hilly places and extensive flatlands

9. Linear settlements In form of Occur in Grouping of houses along a line Mostly along roads, railway tracks, coast or river banks.

10. Nucleated settlements In form of Occur in Grouping of many houses together around a centre area. Favourable sites at road junctions, focal points of an area or confluences of rivers.