Genre
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This document discusses genre media studies, defining genres as having characteristic features recognized by audiences. It provides examples of common genres like westerns, war films, soap operas, and crime dramas. There can also be subgenres within genres. Genres are attractive to audiences because expectations are fulfilled, and they can predict what will happen. Producers like working in genres because communication is instant due to recognizable components. Key components of genres include stock characters, plots, locations, props, and familiar narrative structures.
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Representation
The document discusses key concepts in media studies including representation, mediation, and stereotypes. It provides definitions and explanations of these concepts with the following key points:
1. Representation is how media presents the real world to audiences through various texts like films, photos, etc. and involves the construction of meanings.
2. Mediation is the process by which a media text represents an idea to an audience, and involves selection, organization, and focusing of elements.
3. Stereotypes are widely circulated ideas about social groups that media relies on as a shorthand for audiences, though they may overgeneralize groups.
Narrative & the Construction of Meaning
This document discusses narrative and how it creates meaning in media texts. It states that every media text has a narrative structure, which is how the story is told. As consumers of media, we expect certain conventions and rules in stories based on our socialization and exposure to different media genres. Certain narrative elements like mise-en-scene, editing, music and sound are used to shape the narrative and confirm the genre. Narrative simplifies the storytelling process through generic conventions and stereotypes. Elements like close-ups, establishing shots, juxtaposition of shots, music, sound effects, colors, costumes, and dialogue are used to give meaning to the story.
Genre
Genres are characterized by recognizable features that audiences know and expect. They follow familiar formulas using stock characters, plots, locations, music and narrative structures. This allows for instant communication with audiences and means producers do not need to establish characters and plots. However, genres can become too formulaic and texts that do not fit genres have trouble being distributed.
Introduction to Genre
Genres are defined by characteristic features that audiences recognize through familiar formulas and conventions. These include stock characters, plots, locations, props, music, and narrative structures. Genres are appealing to audiences because they know what to expect, but can also limit creativity by pressuring media texts to follow strict formulas. Producers also benefit by needing to establish fewer original elements for each new text within a genre.
Genre
Genres are characterized by recognizable features that audiences know and expect. They rely on stock characters, plots, locations, music and narrative structures. While genres help audiences experience predictable stories, they also risk becoming formulaic which can limit innovation for producers and exclude texts that are difficult to categorize.
Question 1 B Genre
This document discusses genre theory and its application to analyzing media works. It provides definitions of genre from theorists like Chandler, who see genres as consisting of conventions around themes, settings, and style. It also discusses theorists like Altman who view genres as defined by media codes and narratives, and Culler who sees genres establishing expectations for creators and audiences. The document then prompts applying these genre theories to analyzing one's own thriller film and music video works, considering how they do or do not conform to genre conventions. It suggests genre provides benefits to producers, distributors and audiences by providing templates and expectations but also can evolve over time as societies change.
Media studies gcse representation
The document discusses representation in media and how the media constructs meanings about people, events, and ideas through representation rather than objectively portraying reality. It defines representation as depicting or describing something to call it up in the viewer's mind. The media relies on audiences understanding and accepting its representations. As media students, it is important to question who and what is represented and how, identify lack of representation, and deconstruct technical and cultural codes used to represent things to audiences.
Section A Audience
The document discusses several theories of audience reception:
1. Postmodern media audience theory sees audiences as active interpreters who construct their own meanings from media texts rather than passively accepting the producer's intended messages.
2. Reception theory, developed by Stuart Hall, recognizes that audiences decode media texts in different ways based on their own experiences and perspectives, which may not match the producer's encoding.
3. The hypodermic needle theory views audiences as passive receivers who unknowingly absorb all of a medium's intended messages. This outdated view has been disproven by more active audience theories.
4. Uses and gratifications theory recognizes that audiences are active in choosing media to fulfill various personal
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The document discusses key concepts in media studies including representation, mediation, and stereotypes. It provides definitions and explanations of these concepts with the following key points:
1. Representation is how media presents the real world to audiences through various texts like films, photos, etc. and involves the construction of meanings.
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3. Stereotypes are widely circulated ideas about social groups that media relies on as a shorthand for audiences, though they may overgeneralize groups.
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This document discusses narrative and how it creates meaning in media texts. It states that every media text has a narrative structure, which is how the story is told. As consumers of media, we expect certain conventions and rules in stories based on our socialization and exposure to different media genres. Certain narrative elements like mise-en-scene, editing, music and sound are used to shape the narrative and confirm the genre. Narrative simplifies the storytelling process through generic conventions and stereotypes. Elements like close-ups, establishing shots, juxtaposition of shots, music, sound effects, colors, costumes, and dialogue are used to give meaning to the story.
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Genres are characterized by recognizable features that audiences know and expect. They follow familiar formulas using stock characters, plots, locations, music and narrative structures. This allows for instant communication with audiences and means producers do not need to establish characters and plots. However, genres can become too formulaic and texts that do not fit genres have trouble being distributed.
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Genres are defined by characteristic features that audiences recognize through familiar formulas and conventions. These include stock characters, plots, locations, props, music, and narrative structures. Genres are appealing to audiences because they know what to expect, but can also limit creativity by pressuring media texts to follow strict formulas. Producers also benefit by needing to establish fewer original elements for each new text within a genre.
Genre
Genres are characterized by recognizable features that audiences know and expect. They rely on stock characters, plots, locations, music and narrative structures. While genres help audiences experience predictable stories, they also risk becoming formulaic which can limit innovation for producers and exclude texts that are difficult to categorize.
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This document discusses genre theory and its application to analyzing media works. It provides definitions of genre from theorists like Chandler, who see genres as consisting of conventions around themes, settings, and style. It also discusses theorists like Altman who view genres as defined by media codes and narratives, and Culler who sees genres establishing expectations for creators and audiences. The document then prompts applying these genre theories to analyzing one's own thriller film and music video works, considering how they do or do not conform to genre conventions. It suggests genre provides benefits to producers, distributors and audiences by providing templates and expectations but also can evolve over time as societies change.
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The document discusses representation in media and how the media constructs meanings about people, events, and ideas through representation rather than objectively portraying reality. It defines representation as depicting or describing something to call it up in the viewer's mind. The media relies on audiences understanding and accepting its representations. As media students, it is important to question who and what is represented and how, identify lack of representation, and deconstruct technical and cultural codes used to represent things to audiences.
Section A Audience
The document discusses several theories of audience reception:
1. Postmodern media audience theory sees audiences as active interpreters who construct their own meanings from media texts rather than passively accepting the producer's intended messages.
2. Reception theory, developed by Stuart Hall, recognizes that audiences decode media texts in different ways based on their own experiences and perspectives, which may not match the producer's encoding.
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This document provides information about film genres and their conventions. It discusses key concepts around genre, including what defines a genre, common conventions, and how audiences interact with and derive pleasure from genres. It also examines subgenres and hybrid genres. The document analyzes Graeme Burton's theory of the key elements that make up a genre, including protagonists, stock characters, stock situations, icons, background/décor, and themes. It applies these elements to the horror genre and the film Scream. The document also discusses how genres must combine familiarity and innovation to evolve over time without becoming too predictable.
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This document discusses genre and its importance in media. Genre defines a category or style of media product and helps audiences make sense of narratives. Genres are identified by their repetition of distinctive features and can be divided into subgenres. Genres determine narrative conventions, generate audience expectations, and are used by producers to structure media products. Genres can usually be identified through common character types, iconography, plots, props, locations, music/soundtracks, and narratives.
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This document provides information about film genres and their conventions. It discusses key concepts around genre, including what defines a genre, common conventions, and how audiences interact with and derive pleasure from genres. It also examines subgenres and hybrid genres. The document analyzes Graeme Burton's theory of the key elements that make up a genre, including protagonists, stock characters, stock situations, icons, background/décor, and themes. It applies these elements to the horror genre and the film Scream. The document also discusses how genres must combine familiarity and innovation to evolve over time without becoming too predictable.
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Genre theory provides an important framework for understanding texts. Genres orient audiences with default expectations that help make sense of a work, though some expectations may be challenged. Competent genre readers are not confused by some expectations not being met, as the genre offers a starting point rather than a strict set of rules. Assigning a text to a genre allows audiences to decide if it will appeal to them and enables predictions about narrative events based on knowledge of other works in that genre.
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- Uses and gratifications theory saw audiences using media to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, and information-seeking.
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This document provides a guide for a media studies evaluation assignment. It outlines four parts that must be addressed:
1) A 200-word blog post introducing the brief, title, and opening sequence through reference to genre and treatment.
2) Discussion of the target audience including habits, lifestyle, media consumption beyond just age/gender/ethnicity. Research conducted and how it was used.
3) Analysis of how the media product uses, develops or challenges conventions of real thriller texts through signs, codes, narrative, genre, camerawork, editing, sound, mise-en-scene, typography, and iconography.
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Media Studies students learn to analyze media texts using four key concepts: language, institution, audience, and representation. They study the codes and conventions of different media like magazines and television to identify the type of media. The codes make it easy to understand the media platform. Students also examine who produces the media (the institution) and who consumes it (the audience). They consider how groups of people and places are portrayed or represented in media.
2012 genre
This document discusses genre in media. It defines genre as a type or category of media that shares similar characteristics. Genres are identified by their codes and conventions, such as characters, settings, narratives, and ideologies. Audiences enjoy genres because of their familiarity and ability to predict elements, while producers benefit from the commercial success of proven genres. However, genres avoid becoming boring by combining familiar and unexpected elements in each new text. The document also discusses genre hybrids that combine conventions of multiple genres.
Evaluation Powerpoint
This document discusses the conventions and design principles used in creating a magazine about R&B music, including similarities to real magazines. It addresses representing the target audience of 15-19 year olds interested in R&B artists like Nicki Minaj and Trey Songz. The possible publisher is suggested as Quincy Jones' former magazine Vibe, which targeted this same demographic. Various technologies used in the design process, like Photoshop, are also outlined.
06 g325sectionaq1b-genre-3
This document provides an overview of genre theory and how it can be used to theoretically evaluate a media production piece against this concept for an exam. It defines genre and discusses key aspects like subgenres, common elements across genres, and how genres appeal to audiences and evolve over time. The document also analyzes teaser trailers as a possible genre with evolving conventions and focuses on applying genre theory to evaluate the student's own coursework trailer.
As media revision
This document provides guidance on analyzing media texts for AS Media Revision exams. It outlines various technical, audio, visual, and genre codes that communicate messages to audiences. These include camera shots, angles, and movement; diegetic and non-diegetic sound; dialogue; music; and narrative genres. The document also discusses representing gender, ethnicity, age, issues, and regional identities in examples. It provides direction on analyzing audience definitions, responses to texts, how audiences are positioned, and how media attract audiences.
Lesson 1 representation intro
The document discusses representation in media texts and how people, places, and events are portrayed. It explains that representation involves depicting or describing something through symbols and can reflect or mediate reality through the use of media language and narratives. The document also discusses reflective and constructionist views of representation, with the constructionist view being that our understanding of the world is shaped by the representations presented in media texts.
Tv advertising case study
This document provides an overview of a case study assignment on representations and receptions in television advertising. It includes:
1) An introduction to the case study, which will focus on conventions of TV ads, language and messages, and how audiences interpret ads.
2) A section on common types of TV ad formats, including mini-dramas, spokesperson ads, pitch presentations, and voiceovers.
3) A discussion of how representations are constructed through signs and codes in media texts, and how these representations are interpreted based on a viewer's experiences and demographic factors.
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UAL Media Unit 4: Structuralism - binary opposites, genre and narrative
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Initial Idea
This very short document does not contain enough contextual information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary. The document consists of only a single word that provides little insight into its overall content or purpose.
EValuation Q1
The document provides details about a psychological drama film project. It discusses conventions used in similar films to set audience expectations. The film is about a miserable man who realizes his mistakes and wants to change his life after interacting with two young girls. The opening scene establishes the man's desire to improve his life. The film is titled "The Way Up" to convey the man's development and improvement. Sound and locations in Moscow were chosen to not distract from the main idea. Costumes for the characters, especially the poor man's worn coat, were carefully selected and distressed to appear realistic.
Evaluation Q1
The document provides details about a psychological drama film project. It describes the opening scene showing a poor man realizing he needs to change his life. The rest of the film will follow his ups and downs as he works to achieve his goals. The film is titled "The Way Up" to represent the main theme of the poor man improving and developing himself. Sound in the film consists of natural sounds and dialogue. The film was shot in Moscow, Russia in typical urban areas like a playground and brick houses to suit the story. Costumes for the main characters, including worn coats and mismatched shoes for the poor man, were carefully selected.
G325 a2 q1 a revision part1
This document provides guidance for students on answering an exam question about developing skills for media production from AS to A2. It emphasizes using specific examples to show progression over time in areas like digital technology, creativity, research and planning. The examiner advises practicing writing essays on each skill area and using technical terminology. Students are told to focus on evaluation and reflection rather than just description. Examples of high-scoring student responses are provided to illustrate evaluating the importance and impact of skills.
Media in The Online Age - Outline
The document discusses several key concepts relating to media in the online age:
- It outlines the theory of "the long tail" developed by Chris Anderson, which describes how the internet has changed economics by allowing niche products and markets to flourish.
- It also discusses the theory of "Wikinomics" developed by Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams, which centers around ideas like peer production, free sharing of content, and democratization of media through user-generated content online.
- Examples of new forms of online media discussed include internet TV services like the BBC iPlayer, as well as the rise of user-driven websites and platforms characterized as "Web 2.0."
A2 representation latest
The document discusses key concepts in media studies, with a focus on representation. It defines representation as how media texts portray people, objects, events, and ideas. Representation is mediated, as it involves selection, organization and emphasis that shape reality for audiences. There are three views of representation - reflective, intentional, and constructionist. Representation also relates to dominant ideology, which influences the ideas and beliefs reinforced through media. The document also discusses stereotypes, defined as oversimplified mental pictures held about groups. Stereotypes in media include aspects of appearance, behavior, genre-specific conventions, and comparisons to perceived normality.
Narrative Theory in Brief
Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and a return to a new equilibrium. He later refined this into five stages: initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to reinstate equilibrium, and return to a new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss argued that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that unlock meaning in texts: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. Vladimir Propp isolated seven character types and numerous narrative functions that are often present in fairy tales, such as preparation, complication, transference, struggle, return, and recognition.
Anchoring meaning
The document discusses denotation and connotation in images through captions. Denotation refers to the literal or direct information conveyed, such as there being two girls and their actions. Connotation refers to implied or inferred meanings associated with the image that come from captions. Three example captions are provided that provide different connotations - the first focuses on one girl going home, the second on the other girl tricking her friend, and the third on both girls being happy friends.
Leadership
There are four main styles of leadership described in the document: autocratic, democratic, collective, and laissez-faire. The autocratic style involves a leader who tells subordinates what to do without input. The democratic style incorporates listening to others but allows the leader to make the final decision. The collective style aims for consensus where everyone must agree on a decision. Finally, the laissez-faire style has no set leader and little control over the situation.
Roles&norms
This document discusses social roles and norms. It states that an individual's behavior is context-specific and based on their social position and roles. Social roles include appropriate behaviors guided by social norms, which are commonly known rules that shape expectations. Roles can be categorized as family, social, or work related, and conflicts between roles can sometimes lead to communication breakdowns.
Audience theories
The document discusses two models of audience theory: the Hypodermic Needle Model and the Two Step Flow Model. The Hypodermic Needle Model suggests that media messages can directly influence audience members like a "magic bullet". The Two Step Flow Model proposes a more sophisticated view where media ideas are filtered through opinion leaders in the community before reaching others, diminishing the power of the direct media message.
Todorovs narrative theory
Tzvetan Todorov is a historian and essayist who developed a theory of narrative structure. He proposed that narratives follow a circular pattern of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium. Specifically, they begin with an initial stable state, experience some event that disturbs the order, and conclude after the disruption has been addressed and a new stable state restored, with the characters or situation transformed. According to Todorov, the middle portion can depict actions outside of social norms, and some stories involve multiple disruptions before achieving resolution.
Synergy and cross media convergence
Synergy refers to the simultaneous release of related products from a company to promote each other. It allows different business divisions within a conglomerate to work together boosting profits. For example, Sony released its Skyfall film, soundtrack, DVD, and video game together so each product promoted the others. Cross-media convergence combines different media like film, television, and websites to distribute content in an integrated way, as seen when Adele's single for Skyfall was released across these platforms. While similar, synergy can involve non-media products like merchandise, giving large conglomerates an advantage over smaller companies in coordinating promotions across multiple divisions.
Themusicindustryexpanded
The document provides guidance for developing a case study about a record label. It discusses how a label relates to music production, distribution, and consumption. It covers various distribution channels like retail stores, downloads, concerts, and merchandise. It also discusses topics to learn about like the development of online media, how the internet has transformed media production, the impact of broadband on audiences, convergence, and emerging technologies.
Understanding Mise-en-scene
The document discusses the concept of mise-en-scène in film analysis. Mise-en-scène refers to everything within the frame of a shot, including settings, costumes, lighting, positioning of characters, and more. There are five key elements of mise-en-scène: settings and props, costumes/hair/makeup, facial expressions and body language, lighting and color, and positioning of characters/objects. Each element conveys meaning and is used together to tell the story, set the atmosphere, and provide information to the audience.
Thinking about your audience(4x3)
The document discusses the importance of understanding one's audience for media production. It outlines several key demographic factors media producers need to consider about their target audience, including age, gender, class, ethnicity, location, and income bracket. The document also discusses different theories about how audiences receive and respond to media texts, comparing the hypodermic needle model of powerful media influence versus the two-step flow model where ideas are filtered through opinion leaders first. Media producers are advised to research audience theories to better understand their audience.
Thinking about your audience
The document discusses the importance of understanding your audience as a media producer. It states that all media texts are made with an audience in mind and your production should also have a target audience. It emphasizes the need to understand your audience's demographics, including factors like age, gender, class, ethnicity, location and income level. Understanding your audience allows you to ensure your text will appeal to and engage them. It also discusses several theories about how audiences receive and respond to media texts, including the hypodermic needle model which suggests media can directly influence audiences, and the two-step flow model which proposes ideas are filtered through opinion leaders.
Making a title sequence
This document provides 9 steps for students to create the best possible title sequence for a media studies assignment. Step 1 involves assessing the task, timeframe, and equipment. Step 2 recommends adding details about sound, camerawork, and editing to a blog. Step 3 suggests building skills in these areas and brainstorming sound effects. Step 4 is to research genre conventions, narrative techniques, character, atmosphere, and setting of title sequences. Step 5 involves brainstorming original title sequence ideas. Step 6 is to create a planning document. Step 7 is to shoot footage. Step 8 is to edit together a rough cut. Step 9 evaluates common pitfalls to avoid and provides advice for a strong final product.
Denotation&connotation
This document discusses denotation and connotation in media texts. Denotation refers to the literal or basic meaning of signs, images, or words. Connotation refers to the cultural or personal associations that extend beyond the literal meaning. Effective analysis of media texts requires understanding both the denotative and connotative meanings. Symbols like colors, words, images or styles can have positive, negative or neutral connotations depending on cultural and contextual factors.
Key considerations when filming
This document outlines key considerations for filming media projects, including not letting actors overlap their lines, shooting all relevant action in each scene, maintaining continuity between shots, and shooting close-ups of actors for their dialogue and reactions. It emphasizes the importance of continuity of props, actor positioning and movements, and dialogue when shooting multiple takes.
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Genre
- 1. Introduction to Genre Media Studies
- 3. A genre has characteristic features that are known to and recognised by audiences. Media Studies
- 4. A genre has characteristic features that are known to and recognised by audiences The same formula is applied time and time again. Media Studies
- 6. Westerns War films Media Studies
- 7. Westerns War films Soap operas Media Studies
- 8. Westerns War films Soap operas Crime drama Media Studies
- 9. Westerns War films Soap operas Crime drama are obvious examples Media Studies
- 10. Game shows Media Studies
- 11. Game shows News bulletins Media Studies
- 12. Game shows News bulletins Documentaries Media Studies
- 13. Game shows News bulletins Documentaries Reality TV, etc. Media Studies
- 14. Game shows News bulletins Documentaries Reality TV, etc. are also genres Media Studies
- 15. There are also subgenres within genres. Media Studies
- 16. There are also subgenres within genres. Spaghetti westerns Media Studies
- 17. There are also subgenres within genres. Spaghetti westerns Hammer horror films Media Studies
- 18. There are also subgenres within genres. Spaghetti westerns Hammer horror films James Bond films Media Studies
- 19. What makes genre attractive to audiences? Media Studies
- 20. What makes genre attractive to audiences? in Expectations are fulfilled and they can predict what will happen next. Media Studies
- 21. Why do producers like to work within a genre? Media Studies
- 22. Why do producers like to work within a genre? Communication with the audience is instant… Media Studies
- 23. Why do producers like to work within a genre? ..as key components are easily recognisable Media Studies
- 24. Why do producers like to work within a genre? ..as key components are easily recognisable “ Stereotypes” Media Studies
- 25. Why do producers like to work within a genre? … no need to set up characters and plot. Media Studies
- 26. The audience will know what to expect Media Studies
- 27. For a genre to become established, certain conventions need to become identifiable in the general consciousness of the audience. Media Studies
- 28. The Key Components of Genre Media Studies
- 29. Key Components Media Studies
- 37. The Disadvantages of Genre Media Studies
- 45. Summary in Over time, these formulas and patterns may begin to dominate the way we the world about us . Media Studies