Genetic Variance Between And Within Species

Genetic Variance Between And Within Species
Genetic variance between and within species had long been thought to be controlled through the
impact of natural selection in adaptive evolution. With the publication of two independent papers
this central tenet was brought into question with the new notion of selectively neutral mutations
accounting for the majority of identified variance. This hypothesis termed the Neutral Theory of
Evolution, at first questioned, has allowed significant advances in our understanding in the impacts
of selection, genetic variance, and analysis of species history. The debate over its role in evolution is
still questioned however with recent work offering results taken by some to identify irreconcilable
divergence from the expected mechanisms of Neutral Theory reigniting the neutralist vs selectionist
debate. The neutral theory of evolution, since its inception, has become a central tenet of evolution.
Its significance in understanding evolutionary processes began with the independent publication of
two papers detailing the possible role of neutral mutations in species variance (1, 2). Identified
variance in protein sequence and the calculated rates at which they arose were thought by Motoo
Kimura, the leading proponent of Neutral Theory, to be irresolvable with adaptive selection due to
limits of the cost of selection and led to development of the Neutral Theory (3). Under this model
the majority of arising mutations are selectively neutral and their presence in a population would be
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Biology lab Essay
Donnetta Tatum
Biology 2112– The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Lab #3
Introduction:
1. Discuss, "in details," the importance/significance of the Hardy–Weinberg Law.
The law proves that natural selection is necessary for evolution to occur ("SparkNotes: population
genetics," 2014). The conditions set up by the Hardy–Weinberg Law allow for variability (the
existence of different alleles) and inheritance, but they eliminate natural selection ("SparkNotes:
population genetics," 2014). The fact that no evolution occurs in a population meeting these
conditions proves that evolution can only occur through natural selection ("SparkNotes: population
genetics," 2014). The Hardy–Weinberg Law allows us to estimate the effect of selection pressures ...
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Discuss/Explain, "in details." The concept of gene pool and gene frequency of a population.
Gene pool is the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population ("Gene
pool," 2008). A large gene pool indicates high genetic diversity, increased chances of biological
fitness, and survival ("Gene pool," 2008). A small gene pool indicates low genetic diversity, reduced
chances of acquiring biological fitness, and increased possibility of extinction ("Gene pool," 2008).
Gene pool increases when mutation occurs and survives. Gene pool decreases when the population
size is significantly reduced (e.g. famine, genetic disease, etc.) ("Gene pool," 2008). Some of the
consequences when gene pool is small are low fertility, and increased probability of acquiring
genetic diseases and deformities ("Gene pool," 2008). Gene pool gives an idea of the number of
genes, the variety of genes and the type of genes existing in a population ("Gene pool," 2008). It can
be used to help determine gene frequencies or the ratio between different types of genes in a
population ("Gene pool," 2008).
Allele frequency is a measure of the relative frequency of an allele on a genetic locus in a
population; which is usually it is expressed as a proportion or a percentage ("Allele frequency,"
2014). In population genetics, allele frequencies show the genetic diversity of a species population
or equivalently the richness of its gene pool ("Allele frequency," 2014). The frequencies

Population Genetics
In 1831, Charles Darwin, proposed a theory of evolution occurring by the process of natural
selection. This has come to be known as the Theory of Natural Selection. Darwin worked on his
theory for 20 years and after learning that Alfred Russel Wallace, another naturalist, had developed
similar ideas, the two made a joint announcement of their discovery in 1858. Darwin published 'On
the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' in 1859, 28 years after he proposed his theory
of natural selection. [1]
Darwin's theory of natural selection states that evolutionary change comes through the production of
variation in each generation and differential survival of individuals with different combinations of
these variable characters. [2] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[4]
A definitive description of Huntington's Chorea occurred, when George Huntington submitted his
article 'On chorea' to the Medical and Surgical Reporter of Philadelphia, USA, in 1872, 31 years
after Waters gave his description of the disorder. Waters ' described a disorder 'which is markedly
hereditary, very rarely makes its appearance before adult life, in all cases induces a state of more or
less perfect dementia and never ceases while life lasts'. The disease was recorded early on by
observers; however Waters' description was the first detailed description of the disease. It is believed
that the disease was present among the population at a much earlier date as it is caused by a
dominant allele. Because of its long history, and the fact that the mutation rate for Huntington's
chorea is among the lowest recorded for any inherited condition, the disease has great potential in
genealogical investigations. The Afrikaner population posed as a great source to study the disease
because of the excellent recording of the origins and history of the Afrikaner nation. The excellent
documentation facilitated efforts to trace the disease back to the earliest transmission of the gene to
South Africa.
In their research they found that the only previous attempt to investigate the genealogy of this
disease in

How Natural Processes Operate at Coastal Geographic...
How Natural Processes Operate at Coastal Geographic Environment
Natural Processes are actions or events that have natural causes, which result in natural events. The
three main coastal environment processes that operate at Muriwai are Coastal Erosion, Coastal
Transportation and Coastal Deposition.
The elements that interact to produce natural processes are wind, waves and tides. Each
phenomenon at Muriwai's coastal geographic environment has been produced by interaction.
Coastal Erosion is a process at Muriwai that gradually wears away the rock particles of the earth's
surface, transporting them to another location. There are many types of processes that cause erosion
at Muriwai such as wave erosion, wind erosion and wave ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The blowhole was formed by vertical, hydraulic and mechanical erosion causing the cracks and
fissures to enlarge over time to produce this hole.
Types of wave erosion operating on the headland have produced the cave.
Wave Refraction is an important process as it influences wave erosion on Otakamiro headland and
on the beach at Muriwai (refer to Diagram 1). Wave Transportation (Longshore Drift) varies
spatially due to wave refraction. It is the process by which waves alter their course as they interact
in shallow water with the seabed along the coastline. This process produces wave erosion, which
focuses its energy on Otakamiro Point.
Diagram 1
Constructive, Destructive and Dissipative are the types of waves that operate at Muriwai that cause
erosion.
Dissipative waves are the waves usually found at Muriwai –– they lose their energy before they
reach the shore as they usually break on the offshore bar. Constructive waves are long waves with
little height that leave material at the top of the beach, building it up.
Destructive waves are erosive and carry material seawards.
Wind Erosion is the driving mechanism for Coastal Transportation and Coastal Deposition. Strong
winds have a better ability to cause erosion at Muriwai's Coastal Geographic Environment. Wind
erosion is most effective on well–drained landforms such as sand dunes. Loose particles are more
easily eroded than wet heavy soil, sand and

Explain What Was Alfred Wegener's Hypothesis For...
1. What is continental drift?
Continental drift is the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through
geological time.
The theory of plate tectonics, which use to be called continental drift, is described as the movement
of the continents and sea floor across the surface of the Earth. The theory explains many odd facts
about Earth's geology, such as the present arrangement of landmasses which have stated that the
Earth's crust slowly drifts atop a liquid core.
2. What was Alfred Wegener's hypothesis for continental drift, and why was his idea not accepted?
Wegener hypothesized that there was a gigantic supercontinent 200 million years ago, which he
named Pangaea, meaning "All–earth". Pangaea started to break up into ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the evidence is Divergent which is almost all of Earth's new crust forms at divergent
boundaries, but most aren't known because they lie deep under the oceans. The next one is
Convergent which is when two plates collide. The last one is Transform which is when two plates
slide by one another in opposite directions The San Andreas Fault is the most known translational
interface.
5. Provide a brief summary of how the scientific method is applied to develop the theory.
The Scientific method is the process of providing evidence to support a theory. You can break it up
into six steps as follows 1. Make an Observation. 2. Develop some questions based on the
observations. 3. Create a Hypothesis on the observations. 4. Test your hypothesis. 5. Analyze the
data collected. 6. Reproduce the experiment and develop controls to replicate with little error.
6. Explain 1 example of invention or innovation that was used or is currently used to collect more
information on the continental drift theory and plate

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Coastal Management
WHAT IS COASTAL MANAGEMENT?
Coastal management refers to the technique in which natural features of the coast are maintained
and protected from the threats of coastal erosion and coastal flooding.
"Successful management of coastal areas depends on understanding the different uses of coastal
land and the physical processes impacting on the coast, such as erosion and longshore drift" (BBC,
2014 "GSCE BITESIZE: CONFLICT OF INTEREST").
TYPES OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Chart #1: showing the types of coastal management
 Hard Engineering
This is the structural approach and refers to the construction of engineered structures to defend or
reduce the erosive effects of wave actions.
According to (BBC, 2014 "GCSE BITESIZE: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. CONSTRUCTING GABIONS
Cheap and efficient.
Shorter life span than a sea wall.
Visually unattractive.
TABLE #1: showing advantages and disadvantages of methods in hard engineering.
 Soft Engineering
Beach Nourishment
"Beach nourishment is the process of dumping or pumping sand from elsewhere onto an eroding
shoreline to create a new beach or to widen the existing beach" (Barber, 1961). Photo #5: showing
beach nourishment. Taken from
http://www.escp.org.uk/sites/default/files/gallery/Marine%20Based%20Beach%20Nourishment.jpg
Relocation of property
This strategy is used to protect manmade features such as buildings by relocating them and letting
nature reclaim the beach in its own time.

Planting of Mangroves
This is where mangroves are planted to trap sediments and reduce coastal

Erosion of Shorelines Essays
Erosion of Shorelines
The erosion of shorelines is a natural process that can have beneficial or adverse impacts on the
creation and maintenance of habitats. Sands and gravels eroded from the shores of coastal bays
maintain the beach as a natural barrier between the open water and coastal wetlands. Beaches move
back and forth onshore, offshore and along shore with changing wave conditions. The finer–grained
silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of
wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. However,
excessively high sediment loads can smother submerged aquatic vegetation beds, cover shellfish
beds and tidal flats, fill in riffle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The longshore drift shapes the coastline by carrying sand from sites of high wave activity to those of
low wave activity. The volume of sand carried away from or delivered to different points along the
coast can be as much as 2,000 cubic meters per day (71,000 cubic feet), enough sand to fill an
Olympic–sized swimming pool (Nepf).
The seepage of ground water and the overland flow of surface water runoff also contribute to the
erosion of shorelines (http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/MMGI/Chapter6/ch6–4.html). The role of
ground water is most important wherever permeable subsurface layers of sand are exposed in high
bluffs along coastal bays. In these areas, the seepage of ground water into the waterway can cause
erosion at the point of exit. The surface flow of upland runoff can also dislodge sediments through
the creation of rills and gullies on the shoreline banks and bluffs
(http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/MMGI/Chapter6/ch6–4.html).
Some amount of natural erosion is necessary to provide the sediment for beaches in estuaries and
coastal bays. However, excessive erosion has occurred in the past due to development. Industrial
and private development along the world's coastlines has increased dramatically since the 1970s
(Nepf). Developers and builders completed much of this construction without taking into account
the effects of coastal erosion. New buildings were often placed too close to the existing shoreline so
that

Rocket League Research Paper
Fast And Furious Rocket League is a strange beast, so much so that it's hard to properly define it. It's
a combination of soccer and racing, with a bit of demolition derby thrown in for good measure to
produce a bizarre new sport involving jet–powered RC cars and insane stunts. It's a bit light on
content, sure, but the core gameplay is solid and there are definitely some fun times to be had with a
few friends even if the Single–Player experience isn't up to snuff. It's a game that knows its strengths
and perfects on them instead of trying to jam in unnecessary content, and although there are still
some flaws here and there, most of the positives are definitely big ones. If you get good enough, you
can pull off some seriously impressive stuff.If ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Career Mode works like a management simulator; there are both local tournaments against
friends and tournaments you can play against AI, unlockable card packs with new players to add to
your team, providing plenty of extra meat to the game that allows you to play it and have fun even
when you don't have friends close by. The only time I had fun in Rocket League was when I had
people that I knew (either in real–life or online) playing with me, whereas in other sports games I've
been able to hop on from time to time to play a quick tournament against the computer and have a
blast. Rocket League just doesn't carry that same spark with me, the AI is too inept, the loss of social
interaction makes the game far less enjoyable, and playing with randoms can be a hit or miss
because of the dodgy matchmaking system. When I got a buddy or two over to play for a while the
game was a ton of fun, but a big part of that was the yelling and the building of strategies over how
to best maneuver your rocket cars, and almost all of what makes the game fun is lost when trying to
play alone or with strangers over the

The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Equation
The main purpose of this lab was to utilize the infamous Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium equation to
predict the evolutionary modifications a certain species (Drosophila melanogaster) displayed
throughout different generations. For this experiment to be carried out, Drosophila melanogaster,
also known as fruit flies, were used to visually represent evolutionary conceptions such as Hardy–
Weinberg equilibrium equation. At the beginning of the experiment, the parent generation was
observed first. Throughout the course of seven weeks, the vial was analyzed for certain changes
between the two populations of Drosophila melanogaster; wild type and ebony. Although the
genotypes could not be figured out, the flies were evaluated and observed based on ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Hardy Weinberg equation is a good way of providing a null–hypothesis which can later be
paralleled to direct observations of the population, making it very useful for studying populations
and evolution (University of South Florida, 2016). Drosophila melanogaster is a good model
organism for studying evolution because the generation time for these flies is a mere two weeks
(University of South Florida, 2016). It is also small, easily observed, produces many offspring, and
is a well–studied species (University of South Florida, 2016). Body color is an important trait to
study in these flies because it can help us visually see the results of the experiment; whether the flies
evolved or not. There have been numerous studies done on Drosophila melanogaster and one such
study was by Kalmus in 1935. This study was concerned with the clock system that controlled the
time at which Drosophila adults emerged from puparia (Kalmus 1935). J.M. Rendel also did a study
on Drosophila. His focus was the differences in mating behavior that was displayed between most
species of Drosophila (Rendel 1951). For this experiment, my hypothesis was that the population
was not going to remain in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium over the course of three generations. This
is because in Rendel's literature, he states that disturbances of mating can appear due to gene
changes which can give rise to drastic fitness reductions of the animals that have been

Should We Let Astrology Affect Our Thinking Or Perception...
Should we let astrology affect our thinking or perception towards life?
In today's society, astrology has been an extremely fascinating belief and study among certain social
groups. Many people are used to refer to the daily horoscope in newspapers and popular magazines.
However, a large group of scientists and philosophers such as Thagard (1978) consider that
astrology is a pseudoscience, but there is a small amount of scientific evidence on whether if it is
truly a pseudoscience or not. Some of them discuss that the psychological belief in astrology of
oneself is the consequence of his or her desperation in finding solutions to their personal problems
such as marriage and career which can somehow affect their life because of its psychological effects
(Bennett, 1998). Besides, astrology is considered as an "ancestor" of modern science which is
supported by two aspects of discussions (Thomas, 1971). Furthermore, most scientists hold the
opinion that astrology can not be trust because it is lack of scientific support. Nevertheless,
according to Fitts & Fitzgerald (1977), the fate of one person is determined at some level which is
inevitable and inescapable. Moreover, Konstantinides (2004) contradict the idea that constellations
are supposed to determine the characteristics of oneself in that everyone is different somehow even
for twins. At last but not least, some experts claim that people do not necessarily understand
themselves and others through astrology. That is why we

Analyzing Coastal Management Strategies Essay
Analyzing Coastal Management Strategies Coastal Management strategies need to consider not only
physical processes but also factors associated with human geography. Analyse why this is the case.
Coastal management is a means of controlling development and change in the coastal zone and
undertaking work according to agreed principles and criteria. By taking into account physical and
human geography factors and people who come from the local areas views will help to ensure that
there is good coastal management strategy. There are usually three stages in a management strategy,
understanding the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are things such as sea walls, groynes and revetments. Other hard engineering techniques are
things such as the dumping of boulders and sub surface drainage When deciding what coastal
management scheme to put in place whether it a sea wall or an area to hold flood water, the people
undertaking the project must look at possible solutions that would be best in relation to physical
factors the chosen scheme will be the best scheme to limit or stop the thing that is occurring. They
are likely to take into account the rock type in the area the height of land, shape of the land and the
cause of the problem. Possible and reasonable solutions would be put forward and the best solution
in relation to the physical geography is likely to be put in place. On top of the physical
considerations come the human considerations these are things such as are they going to cause
unsightly views is it going to cause conflict between local people and the local government. Human
Factors that effect whether a coastal management scheme is put into place would be things such as,
how many people will it be protecting, what type of properties will it be protecting, (the more
expensive properties that are in the area the more likely it is that the area will have a coastal
management scheme put in place.) I believe that it is important for all coastal

Alfred Wegener Research Paper
Alfred Wegener
Alfred Wegener was born on November 1st, 1880 in Germany's capital city, Berlin. In university
Wegener took a variety of science classes. He specialized in meteorology, physics, and astronomy.
In 1902 Wegener began a PhD degree in astronomy. He spent a year at Berlin's famous Urania
Observatory, whose purpose was to bring astronomy to a wider public. Although he was qualified to
become a professional astronomer, Wegener worried that he may not discover anything new or
interesting in the world of astronomy. Wegener believed he could make a greater impact and
contribution in meteorology, and he did. Wegener achieved several great accomplishments
throughout his life but, the one we're focusing on is the theory of continental drift.
Continental Drift?
Continental Drift was a groundbreaking scientific theory developed in the years 1910–1912 by
Alfred Wegener , a German ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the work of other scientists who had theorized about horizontal movement of the continents
over the earth's surface during different periods of geologic time, and based on his own observations
from different fields of science, Wegener deduced that about 200 million years ago the
supercontinent that he called "Pangaea," (means "all lands" in Greek) began to break up.
Evidence
Many people were skeptical and didn't believe in Wegener's radical theory. Other scientist need
more proof that theses huge lands of mass were moving. So Wegener provided five pieces of
evidence. If you were to look on a map what do you notice? The continents slightly look like a
jigsaw puzzle. Wegener noticed that South America and Africa look like they were once connected.
This piece of evidence is what prompted Wegener to investigate in the

Movie Analysis of Tokyo Drift: Fast and Furious
I agree with people who say movies aren't based on real life experience, but I am pretty sure
producers have specific messages to tell their audience. Movies might be long and time taking, but
when there is free time to spend why not lay back and watch a good movie? Today I will be
reviewing one of my favorite movies of all time, Tokyo Drift. Fast and Furious: Tokyo Drift, is one
the great movies of Fast and Furious series. Fast and Furious movies have a lot of fans throughout
the world and the great thing about this series is that they are all relatable and continue the story that
began in the year 2001. But there is something different about Tokyo Drift that keeps it unalike with
other Fast And Furious movies. This is why I will be doing a review on it. Tokyo Drift is made up of
2 words which are Tokyo and drift. Of course many people know where Tokyo is located, but not a
lot of people know what the word drift means in driving vocabulary. Drifting is one the popular
methods racers use to dodge, show off or enjoy while driving. There is something about drifting that
every time it happens somewhere, it excites the people that know what it is. Seeing your tires burn
and smoke while drifting, it gives you good vibes. In many arcades I've seen little kids drift on the
car stimulators and smile because they accomplished that skill. Of course it is not a good thing to
race and drift in real life it is actually illegal, but there are people who do it knowing all the

Drosophila Lab Paper
Jacob Alfaro BIOL 251 Whittier College Jacob Alfaro BIOL 251 Whittier College Effect of Ebony
and Wild Type Phenotypes on the Natural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heterozygotes, which have the wild type phenotype, have normal sight which gives them the
advantage of finding a mate and have a better success with attracting a mate with their courtship
song (Kyriacou et al, 1978). The male heterozygous Drosophila had a better advantage at mating
than the homozygotes, which were the ebony, and therefore we predict there will be more wild type
by the end of the experiment. METHODS: In this experiment, the instructor provided us with 30
ebony individuals and 20 wild type individuals. In order to get an exact amount of each type, we
anesthetized the flies and counted them off by gently using a fine point paint brush. Then all 50
Drosophila were put into a population cage which had a lid that had six holes for the centrifuge
tubes. Two food tubes and four clean, empty tubes were added on the first day. Each food tube
consisted of half a cup full of food mixed with 6–7 milliliters of water. This was the fly medium.
The food should turn blue once the water is added. Each tube was labeled with a number and with
the date. Every two to three days we added one more food tube until all 6 tubes contained the fly
medium. After all 6 tubes were filled, the following days after we exchanged the first food tube with
a new food tube. At the end of the experiment, we fed the flies with a total of 8 food tubes. Then the
flies were anesthetized, again. At the end of this four week lab, the number of living ebony and wild

The Hardy Weinberg Principle, No Natural Selection
Design
Research Question:
If all five conditions mentioned within the Hardy–Weinberg Principle are met (random mating, large
populations, no mutations, no migration, no natural selection), will the population remain in genetic
equilibrium?
Background Information:
The Hardy–Weinberg Principle or the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium Model states that "allele and
genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the
absence of other evolutionary influences" (Version, T.). In order for genetic equilibrium to be
maintained, five conditions must be met:
– Random Mating: all individuals within a population must have an equal opportunity to pass on
their alleles
– Large Populations: random changes in allele ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 ; where 'p2' represents the homozygous dominant genotype, '2pq' represents the
heterozygous genotype, and 'q2' represents the homozygous recessive genotype
This equation is used to calculate the genotype frequency, so 1 = 100% of the population.
Hypothesis:
In a large, randomly mating population where mutations, migration, and natural selection are no
longer viable, the allele and genotypic frequencies will remain at equilibrium. If any of these
conditions are changed, then the allele and genotype frequencies will be unable to maintain genetic
equilibrium.
Variables:
Independent Variable(s) – Alleles (only 2 options)
Dependent Variable(s) – Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency
Controlled Variable(s) – The control group is the first group of data taken with the cheerios where
there is random mating, large population (100 alleles), no mutations, no migration, and no natural
selection.
Control of Variables:
In this experiment, in order to conform to the requirements of the Hardy–Weinberg Principle, it is
necessary to control five differing factors:
1. Random Mating
2. Large Populations
3. Absence of Mutations
4. Absence of Migration
5. Absence of Natural Selection

In order to control all of these factors throughout the experiment, one must randomly select the
alleles (cheerios), must have a larger population size

The Importance Of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
Prior to 1908, scientists were unable to consider a single gene in a diploid organism let alone being
able to determine its proportions. Luckily two very important individuals, Godfrey Hardy and
Wilhem Weinberg, combined forces and derived a theorem to calculate equilibrium in allele
frequencies. Today, this theorem is referred to as Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. In one Cell Journal
article, the importance of such a theorem is describe as, "Population–based genetic association
studies have proven to be a powerful tool in identifying genes implicated in many complex human
diseases that have a huge impact on public health. An essential quality control step in such studies is
to undertake Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) calculations" ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For the purpose of this experiment, I propose that if a population experiences forces such as genetic
drift, selection, and non–random mating combined, then the fittest allele will express dominance,
leading to elimination of alternative alleles, and an extreme decrease in population size. Each
scenario was run through the Koi Fish pond simulation and then finally all run together to compare
how each force works on their own and then when combined.
Methods:
To simulate the introduction of genetic drift, selection, and non–random mating into a population,
www.virtualbiologylab.org, specifically the PopGen Fish Pond was used. This simulator allows
experiments to be conducted online without the need of anything tangible besides a computer. The
website specifically describes the simulator as "simulating natural environment with the way life
responds to changing conditions". Within the simulator, parameters and conditions can be adjusted
to model the population with the forces accordingly. For this experiment, parameters were set as
follows: initial size–50, carrying capacity–50, rr–1, Rr–0.5, RR 0.5, strength of assortment–0.6. The
remaining parameters were left as they were set by the simulator.

Drift Girls Is A Racing Game
Fast cars, beautiful women, and a city where drift racing is completely legal. If these things sound
appealing then Drift Girls is a must. Your racer in the game retired from the pro circuit and now
spends his days street racing while meeting gorgeous anime girls. With more than 30 girls to
encounter, Drift Girls is just as much of a dating sim as it is a racing game.
Right off the bat the game impressed me with how polished it is. Despite being free to play, it has
the look and feel of a premium title. In fact, take away all the in–app purchases and the game
wouldn't look out of place on a handheld game console like the Playstation Vita. Your time in the
game is split evenly between improving your car and improving your relationship with the various
women you meet. The game features a nice selection of cars that are split into six different star
levels. In addition to using parts such as turbos, brakes, engines and suspension to boost the stats of
vehicles you can also "sacrifice" extra cards to upgrade your primary one. Cars can even be merged
once certain criteria are met which nets you a new, higher–tiered, car.
When it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Your car is basically on rails, so input is restricted to pressing and holding down the right button
when drifting. Drift sections are clearly marked by lines on the road and it is your job to time these
button presses as accurately as possible. The accuracy of your drifts are timed right down to the
millisecond and classified as either a miss, bad, good, great and if you are really lucky, CRAZY. The
better you time your drifts the faster you increase the nitro meter, which provides you with a
temporary speed boost when triggered. The nitros are best used going into or out of a drift, but
completing a race without using nitros earns you some extra coins. At the start of each race you can
also earn a speed boost by keeping your rev counter in the sweet

Investigating The Spatial Difference Between The East...
AIM:
The investigate the spatial difference between the east coast and west cost of New Zealand.
Comparing Muriwai Beach with Eastern Beach
HYPOTHESIS:
A west coast beach is a destructive environment compared to an eastern coast environment which is
constructive.
Introduction:
Muriwai Beach is a coastal community on the west coast of the Auckland region, in the north island
of New Zealand. Muriwai is approximately 17ilometer m west of kumeu and 42 kilometre northwest
of Auckland. Muriwai draws lots of surfers and fisherman.
Eastern beach is a suburb of Auckland New Zealand. It is located on the eastern city of the city
centre. Its most common attraction is a popular palm fringed beach, in summer, the temperature
attracted thousands of people around Auckland.
In this internal I would like to investigate whether there is a spatial difference between Eastern
Beach and Muriwa, and find out what caused the two beaches to be different. To achieve this I will
use different equipment's to help collect the data I need
Methodology:
Equipment
Stop watch
Clinometer
Ranging poles (*2)
Tape measure
Float( tennis ball or apple)
Alba wind watch
Wind o We used an Alba wind watch to record the wind speed and the direction at both the base and
the top of the dunes to see if there is any variation. We used a compass to record the direction of the
wind.
Long Shore Drift o The stopwatch is used to measure whether long–shore drift occurs at eastern
beach,

Sea Rose Poem Analysis
Poetic analysis: Sea Rose & Brook's Paradox The poem titled Sea Rose by Hilda Doolittle tells
about a rose, but not just a rose like any other. The poem instantly begins by going against the
common connotation of a rose, the reader is given this passage "Rose, harsh rose," (line 1). When
the thought of a rose comes to mind the last word used to describe the soft petals and beautiful color
would be harsh. H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) wants us to think about this rose as not an ordinary or normal
rose but to see it as something more or something less. She goes on to say, "marred and with stint of
petals" (line 2). To mar something is to disfigure or impair the quality/appearance of something, in
this case a rose. Stint means to have an ungenerous amount; by this line we can understand that H.D.
has begun to take a rose something commonly associated with beauty and love and twist into a
disfigured and battered depiction of what it once was. The rest of the stanza goes on to say, "meagre
flower, thin, sparse of leaf,". A rose is meant to be a strong symbol of love and beauty, yet the
depiction of the rose H.D. is giving the reader goes against the preconceived notions of what a rose
should be. H.D.'s language and perception of the rose challenges to the reader to think of the rose as
something more.
In Cleanth Brooks piece "Language of Paradox" he talks about how the deconstruction of a subject
through connotative and denotative meanings creates paradox. Brooks defines paradox in his text
saying "We may permit it in epigram a special sub–variety of poetry and satire, which though useful,
we are hardly willing to allow to be poetry at all. Our prejudices force us to regard paradox as
intellectual rather than emotional, cleaver rather than profound, rational rather than divinely
irrational " (pg.28, 1947). Brooks is saying he wants the reader to understand and recognize their
knowledge and conceived notions, and to encourage a new perspective.
The next stanza gives the reader a value statement as H.D. says "more precious, than a wet rose,
single on a stem–you are caught in the drift" (stanza 2). In doing so she gives the reader a sense of
how she perceives this battered and sparse rose, not as something that has lost

Theory Of Natural Selection And Genetic Drift
Evolution is the process in which various living organisms developed and diversified over time. The
study of evolution is important because it helps understand how species adapt to changing
environments. Evolution has been studied over time by observing populations when they undergo
evolutionary mechanisms such as natural selection or genetic drift. Charles Darwin came up with
the theory of natural selection. Darwin believed that living organisms tended to survive and produce
more offspring when they were better adapted to their environment. Apart from natural selection,
genetic drift was also an important mechanism. Genetic drift occurs when the gene variant changes
due to the random testing of organisms. Populations of organisms change over time because of
natural selection and genetic drift. The Hardy–Weinberg equation is used to observe whether a
specific trait within a population is changing or not. A null– hypothesis is provided by the Hardy–
Weinberg equation that can be compared to a straightforward observation of a population. The
Hardy–Weinberg equation only remains true under the circumstances that the allele and genotype
frequencies remain the same as generations continue to come about. When no evolutionary change
has occurred, the population is said to be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Populations are rarely in
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly that is commonly used in
genetic studies. Drosophila only live around two weeks.

Youth Service Proposal
I am a very active individual within my church however we do not currently have a youth services
program. This has become very popular and common in my area therefore I feel it is important to
implement a youth outreach program at my church. Drift Pentecostal Church is an adult–driven
church that has dissipated in youth over the last 10 years. Drift Pentecostal Church has not had a
youth program since the early 70 's. The program has dwindled to a mere once a week Sunday
School class that is separated by ages. With each year, the enrollment has diminished thereby
leaving our church with only 20 youth members ranging from ages 2–18 years of age. Of these
individuals, approximately 80 percent are under the age of 10. Although the pastor is very effective
at bringing in new members, it is still important to target the youth in our society today. The most
important reason, schools are no longer allowing God in their programs. With the constant fight for
separation of church and state, the youth are suffering. The importance of developing a youth
program is critical in order to drive our youth into the churches and into God 's hands. In an article
written by Mark Howard, he wrote, "the youth are restless, insecure, jaded, and desperately
searching for meaning to explain all the hurt and suffering they see around them, meaning for their
very existence," therefore what the youth need most is the gospel of Christ Jesus. He is the one who
gives meaning to this life. In a study

Delta Smelt Essay
Introduction
As natural resources experience an increased impact by human activities, the list of endangered
species of flora and fauna expands. This highlights the importance of bringing all aspects of
conservation efforts to the forefront. These efforts are often restricted by funding and logistical
components and so prioritization must take place to ensure the preservation of critical populations
and habitats, rather than a species in its entire historical range. It is critical to preserve genetic
diversity which, in turn, allows for the preservation of the ecological and evolutionary aspects that
are required for a species to continue to exist.
Historically, conservation efforts have been focused on intraspecific phenotypes and managing ...
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The delta smelt is an estuarine fish that is endemic to the San Francisco Bay–Delta region of
California. This species was listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act in
2010 after extended extremely low abundance indices. The historical range of the delta smelt
extended from San Pablo Bay to Sacramento along the Sacramento River and Mossdale along the
San Joaquin River. Delta smelt became extinct in the southern region of their native range in the
1970s and experienced a steep population decline in the 1980s. The greatest factor in the decline of
the delta smelt is the anthropological impact on their native ecosystem. The introduction of invasive
species and the alteration of their habitat from variable tidal systems to leveed channels have
significantly decreased suitable habitats for certain life stages of the delta smelt. Also, the highly
controversial exportation of water from the Delta has had a major impact on delta smelt populations.
Large water pumps in the southern region of the Delta are both detrimental to delta smelt habitat and
have the direct effect of killing individuals through entrainment in the pumps. According to several
previous studies, the exportation of water is one of the key factors when it comes to the genetic
diversity, as well as the distribution and abundance, of the delta

Cape Cod Erosion
Cape Cod, a little arm that sticks out into the Atlantic Ocean, is a popular destination all year round
but especially in the Summer for beachgoers. Cape Cod was formed about 18,000 years ago when
the glaciers started to melt, but how was it formed? It formed through a process called weathering
and erosion. Weathering is the process of wearing away or changing the appearance or texture of
(something) by long exposure to the water, wind, and even ice. Erosion is the process that takes the
results of weathering away by water, wind, or other natural processes. The sediment was picked up
by the glaciers and slowly eroded down towards Cape Cod. As the glaciers moved south, the warmer
weather began to melt the glaciers and they dumped their load of sediment to form Cape Cod. In
total, 3 glaciers formed Cape Cod. The middle lobe retreated first leaving behind sediment that
created the middle part of the arm (the bicep). Next the easternmost lobe retreated and the sediment
it left behind created the upper part of the arm (Provincetown). When the last glaciers melted about
18,000 years ago leaving behind an usual looking landform. Today, scientists know that the glaciers
brought the sediment because they are all different colors, textures, and all have different layers.
A big problem in Cape Cod is beach erosion. The first reason why the beaches are eroding is
because of rock jetties. Rock jetties that separate beaches interrupt the natural transfer of sand by the
tides and wind. The

The Operations Process : The Operation Process
According to ADRP 5–0, The Operations Process, "Understanding is fundamental to the
commander's ability to establish a situation's context. It is essential to effective decision making
during planning and execution. Analysis of the operational and mission variables provides the
information used to develop understanding and frame the problem."¹ Lieutenant Chard displayed
varying levels of understanding throughout the defense. Initially, on route to the drift from the
forward deployed forces, he actually passed the attacking Zulu war band and completely dismissed
them. His rationale was that they must be native auxiliaries attached to the British forces. Zulu
regiments are renowned for their use of primitive livery and uniforms, and should have been
immediately recognizable to a trained British officer. After the crushing defeat at Isandhlwana, a few
survivors arrived at the hospital. They told the freshly arrived officer that he and the garrison must
flee or face certain death at the hands of the approaching Zulu horde. Chard immediately began
consulting with his second in command, Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead, and the surgeon in charge
of the hospital to determine a course of action. Chard understood that he faced a vastly numerically
superior force and that he lacked mobility due to the hospital patients. His experience with the
native forces and their ability to cover great distances at speed enabled him to realize that retreat
was not an option. He then analyzed the

Personal Narrative : My Old Neighborhood
Mohammed AlSawadi
Prof–Buckely
English 1–16
Sep14th, 2015
Personal Narrative 2
My Old Neighborhood
Have you ever looked back to a something that you did in your neighborhood when you were child?
Generally, when we just look back to a something that we did when we were child we have a
strength feeling, and just starting to ask ourselves why we did that and how we did that. Most likely
we cannot find answers to our questions because we cannot think how and why we acted childlike
behavior after we became adult. I have an embarrassing story that happened to me when I was child
and that happened to me with one of my best friends Meshal in our neighborhood. Unfortunately, I
and my friend Meshal were naughty boys, so we put our parents in many embarrassing situations.
Because of brat we did a bad and embarrassing something that caused my dad beating me and
Meshal.
In the summer of 2008, Meshal and I were very board. At that time, we were very interested in
driving a car and our journey is driving a car. As 2008 was the first year that we can drive with our
parents' permission. Nevertheless, we often toke our parents' car before that year without their
permission and known even though we will be in terrible if they had known. However, I asked my
dad to take the car and went out with my friend, and then "take the car, but do not drive or touch
your grandfather's car" my dad said. He said that because he knew that I liked to drive my
grandfather's car more than his car because my

Wegener's Fossils
The boat was being tossed upon the sea. The sails were torn from the harsh and unforgiving wind;
the cast about to snap in two. Alfred Wegener was observing his map to see if he was lost. All of the
sudden, something clicked. His eyes jotted back and forth on the paper as he discovered that the
continents all fit together like pieces of a puzzle. Could the continents have once been connected?
Wegener introduced his hypothesis to other scientists, but they rejected this proposal after no logical
explanation as to how the continents moved was provided. In circa 1960, another scientist, J. Tuzo
Wilson, decided to reintroduce Wegener's hypothesis. Scientist took interest this time around
because Wilson, and other scientists including Harry Hess, turned Wegener's hypothesis into a
scientific theory that explains that the continents moved, how they moved, and that they are still
moving today. A few crucial pieces of evidence that the continents moved are Wegener's
observations. Although scientists disregarded his studies, he did have pieces of substantial evidence
that the continents had moved. First is his evidence from fossils. Fossils are important because they
give traces of ancient organisms. If Wegener wanted to prove that the continents moved, fossils
would have to be included in his analysis. For example, the Lystrosaurus and Mesosaurus ... Show
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Scientists were able to uncover the answer to this question through sea–floor spreading, or more
accurately, evidence from molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples. It all starts at the
mid–ocean ridge, the longest chain of underwater mountains in the world. During the process of
sea–floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts at the mid–ocean ridge. The
hot material spreads out, pushing away the cool, older, hardened material to both sides of the ridge,
ultimately expanding the ocean

Beach Renourishment Effective
Beaches are one of the main attractions for vacationers. The thrill of laying out under a giant
umbrella reading a great book, or being able to surf the waves and get some serious tan lines brings
people from all over. Those beautiful beaches not only bring in a large amount of revenue from
tourists, but also have a lot of money being pumped into them. Beach renourishment, also known as
beach replenishment, is the reason so many beaches still remain in good condition. The questions
that need to be asked are what exactly is beach renourishment? Where has beach renourishment
been used? Is it effective in preventing beach erosion and is it cost effective? Beach renourishment
is described as "the process of dumping or pumping sand from elsewhere ... Show more content on
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Preserving coastlines is important for the economy and the environment. The fact that the business
world and the preservation world are on the same page is a good indicator that maintaining beaches
are important for both people and animals. The data that has been collected by both parties, thus far
will hopefully bring a more cost effective and more long term solution for beach replenishment. So
the beach bums and the sea life may continue to enjoy one of the most beloved landscape for
generations to

Chapter 23: the Evolution of Populations
Biology, 7e (Campbell)
Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations
Chapter Questions
1) What is the most important missing evidence or observation in Darwin's theory of 1859?
A) the source of genetic variation
B) evidence of the overproduction of offspring
C) evidence that some organisms became extinct
D) observation that variation is common in populations
E) observation that competition exists in populations
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 23.1
Skill: Knowledge
2) Which hypothesis of inheritance, common at Darwin's time, caused many to question the ability
of natural selection to bring about adaptation in populations?
A) particulate hypothesis
B) blending hypothesis
C) chromosomal hypothesis
D) nucleic acid hypothesis
E) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?
A) 3
B) 9
C) 21
D) 30
E) 42
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 23.1
Skill: Application
12) In a Hardy–Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency
of allele a is 0.2. What is the frequency of individuals with Aa genotype?
A) 0.20

B) 0.32
C) 0.42
D) 0.80
E) Genotype frequency cannot be determined from the information provided.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 23.1
Skill: Application
13) In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.50. What would be the
frequency of heterozygotes if the population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?
A) 1.00
B) 0.75
C) 0.50
D) 0.25
E) 0.10
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 23.1
Skill: Application
14) Most copies of harmful recessive alleles in a sexual species are carried by individuals that are
A) haploid.
B) polymorphic.
C) homozygous for the allele.
D) heterozygous for the allele.
E) B and C
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 23.1
Skill: Knowledge
15) In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of A is 0.2. Organisms that are
homozygous for A die before reaching sexual maturity. In five generations, what would be the
frequency of individuals with aa genotypes?
A) less than 0.04
B) 0.04
C) 0.32
D) 0.64
E) greater than 0.64

Migration And Its Effects On Population
Abstract:
Migration such as immigration or emigration is the transfer of alleles, which are responsible for
genetic variations, from the gene pool of one population to another. Therefore, it may change allele
frequencies or range due to the reproduction of the immigrated individuals. This study was
performed to see how migration modifies the effects of frequent disasters on allele frequencies in
moth populations. Migration would counteract the effects of natural disasters that increase genetic
drift by introducing new alleles into the gene pool; this allows for new combinations and increases
variability within populations. Keeping all other factors constant, PopGen was used to maneuver
Hardy–Weinberg's equilibrium parameters where different levels of migration decreases the harm
caused by frequent and occasional disaster rates in a set population. As the migratory rate increases,
the relative frequencies of each allele–"A"& "a" remained closed to 0.5, respectively, indicating that
by increasing variability, migration decreases the impacts of disaster rates on a population.
Introduction:
Population genetics is the study of alleles' frequency changes and distributions in response to the
five factors that drive evolution– natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift, within
populations (McDonald and Linde, 2002). It focuses on interbreeding populations' overall gene
pool, and whether the present alleles changes over time. Alleles are gene variants at a loci in a

Essay about Alfred Wegener and the Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener was a meteorologist and astronomer. He was the first scientist to introduce the
theory of the continental drift. Wegener theorized that at one time the continents were one large
landmass or Pangaea that had drifted apart. His ideas were initially rejected by other scientists. It
was not until long after Wegener's death that proof was obtained and his theory verified.
The Life of Alfred Wegener Alfred was born in Germany in 1880 and led a very busy life. He
received a PhD in astronomy but quickly moved on to meteorology. He and his brother
experimented with kites and balloons. They set a record flying a balloon during his first expedition
to Greenland in 1906 (PBS, 1998, para. 2). Alfred taught meteorology and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Wegener's theory was met with much controversy by other scientists. The fact that he was primarily
a meteorologist and astronomer rather than a geologist further discounted his theory. Wegener
provided numerous explanations and documentation in support of his continental drift theory. He
provided two fossils as evidence. Glossopteris because it had been found on several continents that
were widely separated. Glossopteris, also known as a seed fern fossil, was too large to be
transported by the wind. The other was Mesosaurus which was a small aquatic freshwater reptile
(Lutgens & Tarbuck, 2014, p. 154). Other scientists believed this was possible because land bridges
had once existed or explained it away as drafting. Wegener most likely did not offer fossil sharks or
jellyfish as evidence due to the fact that these fish inhabit all major oceans on the planet.
He also used an Austrian geologist's theory that the continental crust, sial, was lighter than sima and
the sial layer could move across the ocean floor (Healey, 2006, para. 15). Wegener further stated that
the tides could cause the continents to move and later came to the conclusion that magma could also
be responsible for the movement. Wegener made two more journeys to Greenland to conduct
meteorological and geophysical studies. His final trek in 1930 included the examination of the
glacial sheets to provide further evidence regarding

Continental Drift Theory: Alfred Wegener
Alfred Wegener gave many facts that help prove his Continental Drift theory. Wegener's supporting
facts include fossil evidence, land features, climate evidence, and sea floor spreading. In the
beginning of Wegener's research to prove his Continental Drift theory, he found clues from fossil
evidence from millions of years ago. Different animals, such as the Cynognathus, Lystrasaurus, and
Mesosaurus gave proof that the continents have moved. The Cynognathus was a land animal, whose
fossils where found in Africa and South America. Another land animal was the Lystrasaurus, whose
fossils were found in India, Antarctica, and Africa. Neither the Lystrasaurus nor Cynognathus could
travel that great of a distance over water. Also the Lystrasurus lived in warmer climates, and today
Antarctica is not a warm climate. The Mesosaurus was a fresh water reptile that was found in fresh
water in South America and Africa. The oceans are salt water, so the continents must have been
together so the Mesosaurus could walk from lake to lake or pond to pond.
Other types of fossils, such as plants, gave climate evidence to support Wegener's theory. Second,
Wegener gave climate evidence to support his Continental Drift theory. The glossopteris is a tropical
fern that as found in Antarctica, South America, India, Australia, and Africa. "... Glossopteris grew
in temperate climates, the places where fossils had been found were once closer to the equator,"
(Tarbuck and Lutgens, 2011). The plant

Examination of the Genetic Diversity of the Mountain Gorilla
The Mountain Gorilla Gorilla beringei beringei is one of two subspecies of the Eastern Gorilla
Gorilla beringei. They are found in two isolated population, firstly in the Virunga Volcanoes region
which covers Uganda's Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park and
Democratic Republic of Congo's Virunga National Park , and secondly in the Bwindi Impenetrable
National Park in south–western Uganda (Robbins & Williamson , 2008) Research by Kalpers et al.
in 2003 and Gray et al in 2006 have place the population in Virunga at 380 with approximately 300
in Bwindi (McNeilage et al. 2006). The population is believed to be undergoing a significant
reduction (Robbins and Robbins, 2004) and has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species since 2000. All the threats to these two populations are from humans –
disturbance, disease transmission, habitat destruction for firewood and farmland, cattle grazing,
illegal timber extraction, incursions by militia, illegal hunting, snares set for other mammals,
poaching for the illegal pet trade and bushmeat etc. (Robbins & Williamson, 2008). There is a broad
assumption that genetic diversity in wild populations is directly related to population size and
consequently species that show recent decline have reduced variation (Vigilant & Bradley, 2004)
with such a small, stressed and declining population genetic diversity within this subspecies
becomes more important. There are two genetic

Evolution And How Does It Happen?
Andrew Briseno Yang Biology XL Period 3 5/3/15 Evolution Research Paper What is evolution and
how does it happen? There are two ways of evolution taking place. There is microevolution and
macroevolution. Microevolution is gene frequency. Macroevolution is speciation. There are two
types of barriers that can be formed that would cause speciation to occur. Allopatric speciation is a
physical barrier that separates a species long enough for speciation, such as a dam that was built.
Sympatric speciation is speciation occurs without a geographic separation, such a mutation that
caused a bird to sing a different song. Mutation can happen in many different ways. There is
chromosomal alterations such as deletion, duplication, inversion, ... Show more content on
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Competition is when organisms compete for resources. Not all organisms are created equal. This
differences in the organism 's fitness is called differential in fitness. How does this apply to humans?
Humans are mutating right now. Some are caused by genes, while some are caused by the
environment. Dwarfism is usually caused by genes, and will make the person small in stature.
Osteoporosis is usually caused by the environment, and will the person 's bones weak and brittle.
Dwarfism is usually caused by genes. Achondroplasia is a skeletal condition which causes
dwarfism. Some adult heights were recorded as short as 64 cm. Some Dwarfs can be proportionate
or disproportionate. This is usually because of the inhibition of the development of bones. Dwarfism
is caused by the FGFR3 gene. A person with achondroplasia and with two average–size parents
received one mutated copy of the gene and one normal copy of the gene. A person with
achondroplasia may pass along either a mutated or normal gene to their own children. There is no
real, all around treatment, due to the skeletal disorders, but in certain cases of pituitary dwarfism, it
can be treated by giving human growth hormone. Since the bones grow if different ways, sometimes
surgeries that can correct some of the displacement of the bones are needed. This is usually done
with limbs and mainly the spinal cord. Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle,
usually because the wear and tear of

A Mabel Dodge Speech
Kristina Anthony
Professor Okoomian
GEND 200–03
11 October 2017
Mabel Dodge Speech Good Evening my fellow neighbors. Most of you know me and for the ones
who do not, I am Mabel Dodge. I am the daughter from a family in Buffalo and had what was
considered the best education for girls in the nineteenth– century. Instead of going to college, I got
married, became a mother and soon, a widow. Later, I traveled abroad and soon married a Boston
architect, Edwin Dodge who I later realized the passion I had was no more– so I divorced him. I
became bored and began to crave art, the beauty and inspiration! A "salon" in Florence, Italy that I
created for the purpose of attracting the most up– and– coming artists in Europe, had me become
well known and even a muse for one of Gertrude Stein's image poems. I reluctantly joined Edwin
my husband at the time, who was eager to come back to the United States. I settled in an apartment
on the lower Fifth Avenue which most of you have been in for my "evenings" of controversial
debates. What will women do with their new freedom? Not turn evil as many of you would think.
Women could create lives for themselves, become economically independent and independent
throughout. There are opportunities for women outside of the home. There is a whole other life
outside the house. Yes, some women will have to learn to govern themselves but that is only because
they were never given the chance to in their lives before. I quote Walter Lippmann in, A Note On

Characters In The Film 'The Fate Of The Furious'
The Fate of the Furious
The movie 'The Fate of the Furious was released on april 14th 2017 and is directed by F. Gary Gray.
Some of the screenwriters in the movie are Chris Morgan, Gary Scott Thompson and some of the
major stars consist of Vin Diesel, Jason Statham, and Dwayne Johnson. Many of the characters are
the same from the previous movies. In the beginning of the Fate of the Furious, Vin Diesel, who
plays Dominic Toretto ("Dom"), is in Cuba with his wife and he is trying to help his cousin win his
car back from this guy. Dominic and this guy race to win the car, using his cousin's car and the
Cuban guy used his car. At the end of the race his cousin's car was on fire and then ended up in the
ocean, but Dominic ended up winning the race. The deal was that if he won the race, the cuban guy
had to give him his car, but Dominic was nice enough to let him keep his car. The next day, Dominic
ran into an old "friend", Cipher and she was trying to get him to help her with a plan she had, when
really she was manipulating him. After that scene in the movie, it moves onto Dwayne Johnson, who
plays Luke Hobbs, and he was coaching his daughter's soccer team when a government agent
showed up and told him that he needed to gather up his team and go to work. His team included
Dominic, Roman, Tej, Megan, and Letty (the A Team) and while on their mission Dominic went
rogue stole the thing that him and his team were on the mission for and took it to Cipher.
Government agents

Factors That Caused Allele Frequencies
The overall goal of the experiment was to determine what caused allele frequencies to change in D.
melanogaster over the course of several generations. Was it a result of a biological factor such as
genetic drift or natural selection or did the changes result because of chance? To answer this
question we must compare the data to the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis was there is not a
difference in the data that would be expected to happen by chance. Therefore, there are no forces
causing changes in allele frequencies. For the small population, we fail to reject the null hypothesis
and cannot support a significant difference between the allele frequencies. With the null hypothesis
being rejected, there is speculation that the changes were caused by chance or a variety of different
biological terms. As a result, a variety of different hypothesis could be formulated. Was the
population size to small so natural selection or genetic drift did not have a chance to work because
the genetic variation was limited? Did the genetic variation result completely out of chance,
resulting in not having a correlation at all to genetic drift or natural selection? This allows scientists
to form new experiments that could lead to a better understanding of the small population. An
example would be to continue this similar experiment but to increase the size of the small
population from a total of 8 flies to a total of 60 flies. This would allow the population to actually
show if genetic

Fast And Furious Argumentative Themes
Justin Lin's film entitled "Fast and Furious" portrays when a crime brings them back to the main
streets of Los Angeles, fugitive ex–convict Dom Toretto (Vin Diesel) and agent Brian O'Conner
(Paul Walker) reignite their high–octane feud. However, when a common enemy rears his head,
Dom and Brian must learn how to work together and trust one another in order to defeat him. Pop
culture is everything. Movies, of course, are the ultimate in pop culture is a combination of almost
every known art form turned into a powerful fury of sound and image that impact everything from
t–shirt sales to politics to how we see ourselves as men, women and Americans. Some movies
damage our culture. Some have no discernible impact. Some have a positive impact. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the libertine racing world Dom and Brian inhabit, they are constantly surrounded by impossibly
hot and willing women. They not only faithfully go home to Letty and Mia every night, they're not
even tempted with any hot women outside there. A well–crafted film can explore moral themes
through characters that commit immoral acts. Other than my faith, individual freedom is a value I
hold higher than any other, and this is the theme that drives the first five films more than any other.
Like many of the cinema's greatest anti–heroes, Dom, Letty, and Mia live outside the law. The films,
however, are not justifying or even making glamorous their criminality. The proof of this is that
while we admire their free spirits and refusal to conform, we also root for them to reform their
criminal ways. Dom represents the best of America, and a dying breed in Hollywood: the rugged,
stoic, masculine American individualist with his own honour code. Dominic Toretto is Gary Cooper,
John Wayne. He may live in East L.A., but he's really a cowboy roaming the West living by his own
rules. In a pop culture world where a disturbing faith in government, narcissism, and ironic distance
are treated as values, this healthy old–fashioned message that you got to be your own man in this
world is something worth

The Cause Of Genetic Information Being Transferred By A...
Humans have been involved with genetics even before the idea of genetics existed. In the 1800s, a
monk by the name of Mendel used selection in plants and crossed them to study how traits are
passed down from parents to filial generations. Ever since then, genetics have grown over time and
it has lead to much curiosity among scientists, which have then conducted their experiments to
overcome their curiosity. That has lead to many innovations and new findings.
In the early 1920s, Fredrick Griffith conducted an experiment that proposed that bacteria are the
cause of genetic information being transferred by a process called transformation. His further
researches conducted lead him to the finding that DNA was the genetic material that passed
information (Klug et al., 2012). Avery, Mccarty and Macleod using Griffith's findings confirmed that
DNA was the material that was passed down from parents to offspring's in the form of genes. Genes
are composed of alleles that pass down traits from generation to generation.
Once alleles are inherited in a population, traits are expressed. Thus this leads to the idea of
population genetics, which is very crucial to understanding genetics. Population genetics studies the
frequency of alleles that change within a population, which influences evolution. Mathematic
principles are used to population geneticists, which predict any trends that may occur in a given
population. The hardy Weinberg principle is one of these principles.
Hardy

Coastal Geographic Environment Analysis
How Natural Processes Operate at Coastal Geographic Environment
Natural Processes are actions or events that have natural causes, which result in natural events. The
three main coastal environment processes that operate at Muriwai are Coastal Erosion, Coastal
Transportation and Coastal Deposition.
The elements that interact to produce natural processes are wind, waves and tides. Each
phenomenon at Muriwai's coastal geographic environment has been produced by interaction.
Coastal Erosion is a process at Muriwai that gradually wears away the rock particles of the earth's
surface, transporting them to another location. There are many types of processes that cause erosion
at Muriwai such as wave erosion, wind erosion and wave refraction. ... Show more content on
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These types of erosion have caused the formation of several phenomena at Muriwai.
Motutara Island (stack) was produced by the formation of two caves on either side of the headland
–– forming an arch and the roof slowly eroding away due to vertical erosion.
Fisherman's Rock was produced by cliff retreat when undercutting stones are thrust at the cliff by
wave action.
The blowhole was formed by vertical, hydraulic and mechanical erosion causing the cracks and
fissures to enlarge over time to produce this hole.
Types of wave erosion operating on the headland have produced the cave.
Wave Refraction is an important process as it influences wave erosion on Otakamiro headland and
on the beach at Muriwai (refer to Diagram 1). Wave Transportation (Longshore Drift) varies
spatially due to wave refraction. It is the process by which waves alter their course as they interact
in shallow water with the seabed along the coastline. This process produces wave erosion, which
focuses its energy on Otakamiro Point.
Diagram 1
Constructive, Destructive and Dissipative are the types of waves that operate at Muriwai that cause
erosion.
Dissipative waves are the waves usually found at Muriwai –– they lose their energy before they
reach the shore as they usually break on the offshore bar. Constructive waves are long waves with
little height that leave material at the top of the beach, building it up.
Destructive waves are erosive

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