Generic Symbicort (Foracort Inhaler) is used for the treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older and maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Foracort Inhaler (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Inhaler)The Swiss Pharmacy
Foracort Inhaler (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Inhaler) is used treat asthma in patients 12 years of age and older where the use of a combination (long-acting, beta2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid) has been found to be appropriate. It is also used for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with moderate to severe obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)with frequent symptoms and a history of exacerbations.
Inhaled Medications Used in Respiratory DiseasePASaskatchewan
Inhaled Medications used in Respiratory Disease Donna Turner, BSc, RRT, CRE Community Respiratory Care Program, Cooperative Health Centre, Prince Albert
A presentation on inhaled medication devices new and old. What to consider ensuring maximal drug delivery to your patients and how help choose the best device for each patient. Will also show resources available for clinicians to use in their practice.
Foracort Inhaler (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Inhaler)The Swiss Pharmacy
Foracort Inhaler (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Inhaler) is used treat asthma in patients 12 years of age and older where the use of a combination (long-acting, beta2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid) has been found to be appropriate. It is also used for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with moderate to severe obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)with frequent symptoms and a history of exacerbations.
Inhaled Medications Used in Respiratory DiseasePASaskatchewan
Inhaled Medications used in Respiratory Disease Donna Turner, BSc, RRT, CRE Community Respiratory Care Program, Cooperative Health Centre, Prince Albert
A presentation on inhaled medication devices new and old. What to consider ensuring maximal drug delivery to your patients and how help choose the best device for each patient. Will also show resources available for clinicians to use in their practice.
History, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Deposition, Types, Techniques, Differences between different inhalers, Pitfalls and Errors of use, and Drugs used by inhalation
Antitubercular drugs for Second Year MBBS Pharmacology students. It contains recent recall questions from NEET PG 2021 and AIIMS 2020 exams, highlighting the importance of the topic. Don't miss the summary at the end.
Definition and introduction to bronchial asthma - classification of bronchial asthma - pathophysiology and risk factors for bronchial asthma - diagnosis of bronchial asthma - clinical manifestations - investigations - management of bronchial asthma
Formoterol and Budesonide Inhaler (Foracort Inhaler)Clearsky Pharmacy
Formoterol and Budesonide Inhaler (Foracort Inhaler) is a combination medication used for treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older and maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Foracort Forte Inhaler (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate ...The Swiss Pharmacy
Foracort Forte (Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate Inhaler is indicated in the regular treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older where use of combination of inhaled regular corticosteroid & long acting beta2-agonist is appropriate. Foracort Forte Inhaler is NOT indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Foracort Forte Inhaler is indicated in patients with moderate to severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with frequent symptoms and a history of exacerbations
Foracort Forte Inhaler is not recommended for children under 12 years of age.
History, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Deposition, Types, Techniques, Differences between different inhalers, Pitfalls and Errors of use, and Drugs used by inhalation
Antitubercular drugs for Second Year MBBS Pharmacology students. It contains recent recall questions from NEET PG 2021 and AIIMS 2020 exams, highlighting the importance of the topic. Don't miss the summary at the end.
Definition and introduction to bronchial asthma - classification of bronchial asthma - pathophysiology and risk factors for bronchial asthma - diagnosis of bronchial asthma - clinical manifestations - investigations - management of bronchial asthma
Formoterol and Budesonide Inhaler (Foracort Inhaler)Clearsky Pharmacy
Formoterol and Budesonide Inhaler (Foracort Inhaler) is a combination medication used for treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older and maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Foracort Forte Inhaler (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate ...The Swiss Pharmacy
Foracort Forte (Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate Inhaler is indicated in the regular treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older where use of combination of inhaled regular corticosteroid & long acting beta2-agonist is appropriate. Foracort Forte Inhaler is NOT indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Foracort Forte Inhaler is indicated in patients with moderate to severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with frequent symptoms and a history of exacerbations
Foracort Forte Inhaler is not recommended for children under 12 years of age.
Generic Spiriva Inhaler (Tiova Inhaler) is used for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartrate Inhaler) is used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents, and children (4 years of age and older) with reversible obstructive airway diseases like asthma and COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Duolin Inhaler is a combination of an anticholinergic and beta-adrenergic used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on a regular aerosol bronchodilator who continue to have evidence of bronchospasm and who require a second bronchodilator.
Foracort Rotacaps (Generic Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate powder for inhalation) are used in adults and adolescents (12 years and older) for the regular treatment of asthma, where use of a combination (inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta2 adrenoceptor agonist) is appropriate.
Foracort Rotacaps are also indicated as maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Beclate Inhaler (Generic Beclomethasone Dipropionate Inhaler is indicated in the maintenance treatment of mild, moderate or severe asthma as prophylactic therapy in patients 5 years of age and older. This medicine is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Tiova Inhaler (Generic Tiotropium Bromide Inhaler) is used for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and for reducing COPD exacerbations.
Tiova Inhaler is also used for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older with severe asthma who experienced one or more severe asthma exacerbations in the preceding year.
Foracort Inhaler (Generic Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide Inhaler)Clearsky Pharmacy
Foracort Inhaler (Generic Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide Inhaler) is an inhaler that is used to treat asthma in adults and adolescents aged 12 years to 17 years. It is also used to treat the symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in adults aged 18 years and older. It contains two different medicines: Budesonide belongs to a group of medicines called 'corticosteroids'. It works by reducing and preventing swelling and inflammation in the lungs. Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate belongs to a group of medicines called 'long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists' or 'bronchodilators'. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways. This helps the patient to breathe more easily.
Seroflo Rotacaps (Generic Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate I...Clearsky Pharmacy
Seroflo (Generic Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate Inhalation Powder) a combination product containing a corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist, is used in the regular treatment of asthma in patients aged 4 years and older, where use of a combination medication (long-acting beta2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid) has been found to be appropriate, as well as a maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction and reducing exacerbations in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
This medicine should not be used for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Generic Cipro (Ciplox Tablets) is used for the treatment of infections of the lungs, skin, bones and joints, kidney and bladder, prostate and bowel. Generic Cipro works by killing the bacteria that are causing your infection.
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartarate Inhaler)Clearsky Pharmacy
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartarate Inhaler) is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchitis and emphysema) when there is evidence of spasm (narrowing) of the airways (bronchi).
These two medicines work together to help open the airways in the lungs. Ipratropium Bromide and Albuterol Sulfate is used to help treat airway narrowing (bronchospasm) that happens with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adult patients who need to use more than one bronchodilator medicine.
Seroflo Inhaler (Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate Inhaler) The Swiss Pharmacy
Seroflo Inhaler (Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate Inhaler) is used in the regular treatment of asthma, where use of a combination (long-acting beta2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid) has been found to be appropriate. This medicine is also used in the maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction and reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Budecort Inhaler (Generic Budesonide Inhaler) is used for the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in adult and pediatric patients. It is also indicated for patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many of those patients may be able to reduce or eliminate their requirement for oral corticosteroids over time.
Budecort Inhaler is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Duolin Rotacaps (Generic Ipratropium Bromide And Levosalbutamol Sulphate (Levalbuterol Sulphate) Rotacaps) are used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents, and children (4 years of age and older) with reversible obstructive airway diseases like asthma and COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Duolin Rotacaps are a combination of an anticholinergic and beta-adrenergic used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on a regular aerosol bronchodilator who continue to have evidence of bronchospasm and who require a second bronchodilator.
Foratec Rotacaps (Generic Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation)The Swiss Pharmacy
Foratec Rotacaps (Generic Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation) are indicated in adults and children (5 years and older) for the treatment of asthma as an add-on to a long-term asthma control medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid.
Foratec Rotacaps are also indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in patients in patients 5 years and older and for the maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Foratec rotacaps have to be used with an appropriate inhaler i.e. Cipla Rotahaler.
Budecort Rotacaps (Budesonide Inhalation Powder) is used for the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in adult and pediatric patients five years of age or older. It is also used for patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma
Asthma And COPD Treatment With Dry Powder Inhalation CapsulesThe Swiss Pharmacy
A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases.
DPIs contain a powder formulation, which most frequently consists of an ordered mixture of micronized drug. Here an individual dose in a gelatin capsule is loaded by the patient immediately before use.
Various medications are available in the form of dry powder capsules for use in a Generic Handihaler device like Cipla Rothahaler.
The medicinal product is intended for inhalation use only.
Similar to Generic Symbicort Inhaler for Treatment of Asthma & COPD (20)
Colimex Tablets (Generic Dicyclomine Hydrochloride and Acetaminophen Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Colimex tablets (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride and Acetaminophen tablets) is a combination medication primarily used in the treatment of spasmodic pain and discomfort due to biliary colic, intestinal colic, renal colic and spasmodic dysmenorrhea (painful irregular periods). It also helps alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Finpecia Tablets by Cipla (Generic Finasteride 1mg Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Finpecia (Generic Finasteride 1mg Tablets) is used to treat male pattern hair loss. This medicine increases hair growth while at the same time prevents further hair loss.
Finasteride 1mg specifically lowers the levels of DHT in the scalp, thus helping to reverse the balding process. Finpecia does not affect hair on other parts of the body. Men with mild to moderate, but not complete, hair loss can expect to benefit from the use of Finpecia tablets.
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease InhalersThe Swiss Pharmacy
An Asthma inhaler is a (usually metered) device holding a medicine that you take by breathing in (inhaling). Inhalers are the most common treatment for asthma.
A metered dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medicine to the lungs, in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is inhaled by the patient. Inhalers are the most commonly used delivery system for treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases
There are various types of inhalers available. Some of them are Duolin inhaler (Generic Combivent), Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Ventolin), Tiova Inhaler (Generic Spiriva), Beclate Inhaler (Generic Beclovent), Seroflo Inhaler (Generic Advair HFA) and Foracort Inhaler (Generic Symbicort).
Inmecin Capsules by Replica Remedies (Generic Indomethacin Capsules)The Swiss Pharmacy
Inmecin (Generic Indomethacin Capsules) is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease, moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe osteoarthritis, acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis) and acute gouty arthritis.
Eltocin Tablets by IPCA (Generic Erythromycin Estolate Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Eltocin (Generic Erythromycin Estolate Tablets) is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent certain bacterial infections.
Erythromycin is known as a macrolide antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
This antibiotic treats or prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu).
Erythromycin is used to prevent and treat infections in many different parts of the body, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, diphtheria, intestinal amebiasis, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, Legionnaire's disease, pertussis, and syphilis. This medicine is also used to prevent recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever in patients who have had an allergic reaction to penicillin or sulfa drugs.
Super Tadarise by Sunrise Remedies (Generic Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Hydroc...The Swiss Pharmacy
Super Tadarise (Generic Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride Tablets) is a combination medication containing Tadalafil 20mg and Dapoxetine 60mg in a single tablet.
Super Tadarise is used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction as well as treatment of premature ejaculation in adult men, when treatment of both indications are required at the same time.
Brufen Tablets by Abbott India (Generic Ibuprofen Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Brufen (Generic Ibuprofen Tablets) is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (including Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or Still's disease), Osteoarthritis, other non-rheumatoid (seronegative) arthropathies, ankylosing spondylitis, Primary dysmenorrhoea, and Pyrexia.
This medicine is also used in the treatment of non-articular rheumatic conditions, Brufen is indicated in periarticular conditions such as frozen shoulder (capsulitis), bursitis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis and low back pain; Brufen can also be used in soft tissue injuries such as sprains and strains.
Brufen is also indicated for its analgesic effect in the relief of mild to moderate pain, dental and post-operative pain and for symptomatic relief of headache, including migraine headache.
Nolvadol (Generic Tamoxifen Citrate Tablets) a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, is used for the treatment of breast cancer and the treatment of anovulatory infertility.
Nolvadol which is indicated for the treatment of breast cancer has a response which is similar to that seen with either estrogens or androgens but Tamoxifen (Nolvadol Tablets) appears to produce less marked side-effects and to be more acceptable to the patient.
Dox Tablets (Generic Doxycycline Hydrochloride Tablets) are tetracycline class medicines which are used for Rickettsial infections, Sexually transmitted infections, Respiratory tract infections, Specific bacterial infections, Ophthalmic infections, Anthrax, including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). Doxycycline tablets are also used as an alternative treatment for selected infections when penicillin is contraindicated as an adjunctive therapy for acute intestinal amebiasis and severe acne and for the prophylaxis of malaria.
Zinetac (Generic Ranitidine Hydrochloride tablets) relieves heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach. This medicine also prevents heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach brought on by certain foods and beverages. This medicine is also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with less severe GERD.
Levera Tablets by Intas (Generic Levetiracetam Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Levera tablets (Generic Levetiracetam tablets) are used as monotherapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Levera tablets are used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults, adolescents, children and infants from 1 month of age with epilepsy.
It is also used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.
It is also used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy.
Canesten Vaginal Cream (Generic Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream) is used to treat a fungal infection in the vagina and vulval area(thrush).
It should be used as an adjunct to treatment of candidal vaginitis. It can also be used for treatment of the sexual partner's penis to prevent re-infection.
Diane-35 Tablets (Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Diane-35 (Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol tablets) is used for the treatment of signs of androgenisation in women, such as severe acne (involving inflammation or nodularity or risk of scarring) where prolonged oral antibiotics or local treatment alone has not been successful, or idiopathic hirsutism of mild to moderate degree.
Effective oral contraception in this group of women requiring treatment for these androgen-dependent diseases is an indication for treatment with Diane-35 tablets.
Atarax (Generic Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Tablets) is used to assist in the management of anxiety and tension states in adults, psychomotor agitation and acute stress situations such as, for example, those accompanying minor surgical procedures or allergic states.
Atarax tablets are also used in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria and atopic and contact dermatitis, and in histamine-mediated pruritus.
Lan (Generic Lansoprazole Capsules) is used for treatment of indigestion, heartburn, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD or reflux esophagitis), erosive esophagitis, and Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Dutagen (Generic Dutasteride Capsules) are used for the treatment of moderate to severe symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men with an enlarged prostate to reduce the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) and surgery.
Dutasteride Capsules are not approved for the prevention of prostate cancer.
Sensival (Generic Nortriptyline Hydrochloride Tablets) are used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, and increase your energy level. Sensival may also be used for the treatment of some cases of nocturnal enuresis.
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler) is used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. Asthalin Inhaler is also used for the prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
Duonase Nasal Spray (Generic Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray), containing an H1-receptor antagonist and a corticosteroid, is used for the relief of symptoms of smoderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and associated ocular symptoms in adults, adolescents, and children who require treatment with both Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate for symptomatic relief.
Eutrig-HP Injections (Generic Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Injections)The Swiss Pharmacy
Eutrig-HP Injection (Generic Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Injection) is FDA approved for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, prepubertal cryptorchidism, and ovulation induction.
HCG is a hormone that is used to cause ovulation and to treat infertility in women. This medicine is not effective in women with primary ovarian failure. In female infertility it can be used to cause women to ovulate (Ovulation induction). Eutrig-HP is also used along with other fertility medicines, to help produce eggs in medically assisted reproduction programmes (IVF treatment).
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Injections (HCG) is used in men to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough testosterone.
HCG is also used in young boys whose testicles have not descended (dropped) into the scrotum as normally expected during growth. HCG is usually given for this condition in boys who are 4 to 9 years old.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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