This presentation is designed to promote correct inhaler techniques for people who suffer from asthma outlining what asthma is, the symptoms, how to use different inhalers. To find out more check out our blog section on inhaler techniques
https://www.nationwidepharmacies.co.uk/nwp-news/inhaler-technique/
Metered Dose Inhaler or MDI is a common type of anti-asthmatic drug device that being used around the world for many years. It helps to treat immediate asthmatic attack and some types of them can help prevent recurrent attack. Aero-chamber helps children and elderly use MDI to deliver the drugs to the lungs efficiently by attach it to the MDI only.
This presentation is designed to promote correct inhaler techniques for people who suffer from asthma outlining what asthma is, the symptoms, how to use different inhalers. To find out more check out our blog section on inhaler techniques
https://www.nationwidepharmacies.co.uk/nwp-news/inhaler-technique/
Metered Dose Inhaler or MDI is a common type of anti-asthmatic drug device that being used around the world for many years. It helps to treat immediate asthmatic attack and some types of them can help prevent recurrent attack. Aero-chamber helps children and elderly use MDI to deliver the drugs to the lungs efficiently by attach it to the MDI only.
Home remedies and patient counselling tips for ANEMIA-By rxvichu-alwz4uh!! :) :)RxVichuZ
Hello members....this is my 28th powerpoint..on exactly half of the date(14.09.2017)...lol
This presentation of mine, centralizes on ANEMIA, its introduction, causes, manifestations, and includes GENEROUS DETAILS, on 15 HOME REMEDIES, along with PATIENT COUNSELLING TIPS(DO'S and DONT'S).
This will surely be helpful for those who are studying about ANEMIA, those who indulge in patient counselling, and those who wish to read it for general reference purpose.
I am self-specializing in HOME REMEDY STUDY, and PATIENT COUNSELLING. So, for further details, you can also contact me.
Reviews, suggestions, and critical evaluations, are ALWAYS WELCOME!!
Regards,
Vishnu.R.Nair,
5th year Pharm.D,
National College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India.
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders.
Home remedies and patient counselling tips for ANEMIA-By rxvichu-alwz4uh!! :) :)RxVichuZ
Hello members....this is my 28th powerpoint..on exactly half of the date(14.09.2017)...lol
This presentation of mine, centralizes on ANEMIA, its introduction, causes, manifestations, and includes GENEROUS DETAILS, on 15 HOME REMEDIES, along with PATIENT COUNSELLING TIPS(DO'S and DONT'S).
This will surely be helpful for those who are studying about ANEMIA, those who indulge in patient counselling, and those who wish to read it for general reference purpose.
I am self-specializing in HOME REMEDY STUDY, and PATIENT COUNSELLING. So, for further details, you can also contact me.
Reviews, suggestions, and critical evaluations, are ALWAYS WELCOME!!
Regards,
Vishnu.R.Nair,
5th year Pharm.D,
National College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India.
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders.
Pulmonary route used to treat different respiratory diseases from last decade.
The inhalation therapies involved the use of leaves from plants, vapours from aromatic plants, balsams, and myhrr.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect.
Nebulization- Application for ceramic filter and reverse osmosis membrane for...sunilkumarvss395
Advocating for positive change, participating in volunteerism, and challenging your negative thoughts are things that can make the world a better place. Try protesting injustices, recycle, and spread informative news that will motivate people to do better in the world
In recent years, the pulmonary drug delivery system is found to be preferred route of administration for various drugs. It has been divided into three classes: Nebulizers, pressurized metered-dose inhalers, and dry-powder inhaler (DPI). This article focuses on the DPI formulation, principle of working, DPI devices, and evaluation parameters. DPI formulations consist of micronized drug blended with larger carrier particles, which enhance flow, reduce aggregation, and aid in dispersion. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DPI is formulated using four types of formulation strategies such as carrier-free, drug carrier, drug additive, and drug-carrier additive. The particle size of active pharmaceutical ingredients must be present in size range about 1–5 μm which also guarantee that the patient gets the same dose every time at different airflow rate. A DPI is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPI devices can be categorized as capsule-based, blister based, canister/cartridge-based, and other types.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Inhaler medication devices and patient counselling.
1. INHALER MEDICAL DEVICE
B A S H A R T A L A L S A A D M O H A M M E D
1 S T Y E A R M . P H A R M
P H A R M A C Y P R A C T I C E
J S S U N I V E R S I T Y
P H A R M A C Y C O L L E G E
2. INHALERS
Definition:
Inhalers are hand-held portable devices that
deliver medication directly to the lungs.
Particle Size:
<1μm: reach up to the alveoli.
1-5μm: beyond the 10th generation of bronchi (respirable
particles),
>5μm: oropharynx
3. > 5 µm impaction
1-5 µm sedimentation
< 1 µm like gas
DEPOSITION OF PARTICLES
4. TYPES OF INHALER
1-Metered dose inhalers, also
called MDIs or aerosol inhalers.
2-Breath activated inhalers or dry
powder inhalers (eg, Turbuhaler,
Accuhaler, Handihaler).
3-Nebulisers.
SPACER devices are sometimes recommended for use with
MDIs, to make it easier to use the inhaler and get more
medicine into the lungs.
7. MOST EFFICIENT WAY OF USING MDI- STEPS
- Shake the inhaler well before use (three or four shakes) .
- Remove the cap .
- Breathe out, away from your inhaler .
- Bring the inhaler to your mouth. Place it in your mouth between
your teeth and close your mouth around it.
- Start to breathe in slowly. Press the top of your inhaler once and
keep breathing in slowly until you've taken a full breath .
- Remove the inhaler from your mouth, and hold your breath for
about ten seconds, then breathe out .
- If you need a second puff, wait 30 seconds, shake your inhaler
again, and repeat steps 3-6.
- Always write down the number of puffs you've taken so that you
can anticipate when you need to refill your prescription.
- Store all MDI’s at room temperature.
9. ADVANTAGES OF MDIS
- Compact, portable ,convenient
- Multidose delivery capability
- Lower risk of bacterial contamination
- Suitable for emergency situation
10. DISADVANTAGES OF MDIS
- Needs correct actuation and inhalation.
- coordination difficult for children and
elderly. - Cold Freon effect.
- High pharyngeal drug deposition.
- Flammability possibility of new
propellants.
- Remaining dose –difficult to determine.
11. SPACER
A spacer is a tube that MDI is placed
into and it holds the medication that
is released (with activation of the
MDI) until patient can breathe it in.
The spacer can be cleaned by
soaking in a solution of mild
detergent and water for 15
minutes. Shake out the excess
water and allow to air dry. Replace
the device after 24 months of
continuous use.
13. MDI WITH SPACER
Compensate for poor technique/coordination
with MDI
Spacers slow down the speed of the aerosol
coming from the inhaler, meaning that less
of drug impacts on the back of the mouth
and somewhat more may get into the lungs.
Because of this, less medication is needed for
an effective dose to reach the lungs, and
there are fewer side effects from
corticosteroid residue in the mouth.
14.
15. DISADVANTAGES OF SPACER
- Large size and volume of device.
- Bacterial contamination is possible .
- device needs to be cleaned periodically.
- Electrostatic charges may reduce
drug delivery to the lungs.
17. SINGLE DOSE DEVICES
Had to be reloaded with capsule containing
micronized drug in a large particle carrier
powder ,usually lactose
18. ROTAHALER
The Rotahaler is just one of many devices that are available.
It uses special capsules, called Rotacaps, that contain the
medication in a very fine powder form that is effectively
delivered into the lungs when you inhale through the
Rotahaler.
21. TURBUHALER DEVICE
Turbuhalers are a tube-shaped inhaler
which has the medication inside
in the form of a dry powder.
They have a removable cover and
a twisting base. The device is ‘breath-activated’
which means the dry powder medication is ‘sucked’
from the device rather than ‘fired’ like it is from
other devices.
Turbuhalers may be difficult to use for young children,
or adults who are short of breath. It is
recommended to have a puffer and spacer
available for emergencies.
23. HOW TO USE A TURBUHALER:
- Unscrew the cap and take it off. Hold the inhaler upright
- Twist the coloured grip of your Turbuhaler® as far as it will go. Then
twist it all the way back. You have done it right when you hear a
"click"
- Breathe out away from the device
- Put the mouthpiece between your teeth, and close your lips around it.
Breathe in forcefully and deeply through your mouth
- Remove the Turbuhaler® from your mouth before breathing out
- Always check the number in the side counter window under the
mouthpiece to see how many doses are left. For the Turbuhalers®
that do not have a dose counter window, check the window for a red
mark, which means your medication is running out. When finished,
replace the cap.
24. ADVANTAGES OF DPIS
- Breath-actuated.
- Less patient coordination
required.
- Spacer not necessary.
- Compact Portable.
- No propellant.
- Usually higher lung deposition
than a pMDI.
25. DISADVANTAGES OF DPIS
- Work poorly if inhalation is not forceful
enough.
- Many patients cannot use them correctly
(e.g.
capsule handling problems for elderly.
- Most types are moisture sensitive,
Humidity potentially causes powder
clumping and reduced dispersal of fine
particle mass.
- Need to reload capsule each time.
26. NEBULISERS
A nebuliser is a machine that converts liquid
medication into a fine mist that can then be inhaled.
They used to be used by many people to take their
asthma medications, but these days are much less
common as we have easier, faster and less
expensive ways to take the medications.
27. TYPE OF NEBULISER:
Jet nebulizer:-The most commonly used nebulizers are Jet
nebulizers, which are also called "atomizers". Jet nebulizers are
connected by tubing to a compressor, that causes compressed air or
oxygen to flow at high velocity through a liquid medicine to turn it into
an aerosol, which is then inhaled by the patient.
Ultrasonic wave nebulizer:-
a new type of portable nebulizer. The technology inside an ultrasonic
wave nebulizer is to have an electronic oscillator generate a high
frequency ultrasonic wave, which causes the mechanical vibration of
a piezoelectric element. This vibrating element is in contact with a
liquid reservoir and its high frequency vibration is sufficient to
produce a vapor mist.
28. JET NEBULIZER
Delivers compressed gas through a jet, causing
an area of negative pressure and drawing the
liquid up the tube by the Bernoulli effect. The
solution is entrained into the gas stream and
then sheared into a liquid film that is unstable
and is broken into droplets by surface tension
forces. The fundamental concept of nebulizer
performance is the conversion of the
medication solution into droplets in the
respirable range of 1-5 micrometers
29.
30. ULTRASONIC NEBULIZER
Generates high-frequency ultrasonic waves
(1.63 MHz) from electrical energy via a
piezoelectric element in the transducer.
These ultrasonic waves are transmitted to
the surface of the solution to create an
aerosol. Aerosol delivery is by a fan or the
patient’s inspiratory flow; particle sizes may
be larger with this device. A limitation of
ultrasonic nebulizers is that they do not
nebulize suspensions efficiently
31. ADVANTAGES OF NEBULIZERS
- Provide therapy for patients who
cannot use other inhalation modalities
(eg, MDI, DPI)
- Allow administration of large doses of
medicine
- Patient coordination not required
- Effective with tidal breathing
- Dose modification possible
- Can be used with supplemental
oxygen
32. DISADVANTAGES OF NEBULIZERS
- Decreased portability
- Longer set-up and
administration time
- Higher cost
- Electrical power source
required
- Contamination possible
33.
34. CONCLUSION
A number of inhalation devices are
available for the treatment of
pulmonary diseases, each with its
own advantages and disadvantages.
None has proven to be superior to
the others in any of the clinical
situations tested. Whichever device
is chosen, the key to successful
treatment lies at a proper inhaler
technique