This document discusses gene regulation and immune response genes. It notes that gene regulation in immune cells increases or decreases production of specific gene products to ensure the proper genes are expressed at the right times. There are three types of gene regulation: positive regulation which increases gene expression, negative regulation which decreases it, and immune response genes which regulate the immune system's ability to respond to antigens through innate, adaptive, and passive immunity.

1. GENE REGULATION AND IR GENES
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2. Gene regulation
◦ Gene regulation in immune cells refers to the mechanisms used by immune
cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products.
◦ Gene regulation ensures that the appropriate genes are expressed at the
proper times.
◦ Gene regulation can also help an organism respond to its environment.
◦ Gene regulation is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms including
chemically modifying genes and using regulatory proteins to turn genes on
or off.
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3. Types of gene regulation
◦ There are 3types of gene regulation
1. positive regulation (turning on gene expression)
2. negative regulation (turning off gene expression)
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4. 1.Positive regulation
◦ When the expression of genetic Is quantitative increased By the presence of specific
Regulatory element Is known as positive regulation.
Element modulating Positive regulation is known as activator Or positive regulator.
2. Negative regulation
When the expression of genetic information diminished by the Presence of specific Regulatory
element Is known as negative regulation.
The element or molecule mediating is said to be repressor
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5. Immune Response Genes
◦ Definition
◦ Immune-response (Ir) genes are defined as genes that regulate the ability of
an individual to produce an immune response, cellular or humoral, against a
specific antigen.
Types of Immune Response
◦ Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of
general protection. For example, the skin acts as a barrier to block germs from
entering the body. And the immune system recognizes when certain invaders
are foreign and could be dangerous.
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6. ◦ Adaptive immunity: Adaptive (or active) immunity develops throughout our
lives. We develop adaptive immunity when we're exposed to diseases or when
we're immunized against them with vaccines.
◦ Passive immunity: Passive immunity is "borrowed" from another source and
it lasts for a short time. For example, antibodies in a mother's breast milk give
a baby temporary immunity to diseases the mother has been exposed to.
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7. https://www.slideshare.net/TapeshwarYadav1/gene-expression-and-regulation-50239703
https://www.slideshare.net/alokbharti18/regulation-of-gene-expression
https://www.slideshare.net/pavalDR/mhc-72053211
References
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