Scherie Nicol's presentation during 3rd session of the 6th Annual Meeting of the OECD Gender Budgeting Network held on 22-23 September 2022

1. GENDER BUDGETING
ACROSS THE OECD
Results from the
2022 Survey of Gender Budgeting
23 September 2022
Scherie Nicol, Lead – Gender Budgeting

2. Contents
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary
• Background information
• Results
• Status of gender budgeting
• Institutional framework
• Approaches and tools
• Accountability and transparency
• Enabling environment
• Impact
• Draft OECD Index on Gender Budgeting
• Summary

3. BACKGROUND
INFORMATION

4. Background information
• Third OECD gender budgeting survey
• Previous surveys in 2016 and 2018
• Broader coverage than previous surveys
• 25 questions on: context, institutional framework, approaches and tools,
accountability and transparency, enabling environment, and impact
• Response rate: 100% (merci)
• Data cleaning in progress, thus results are provisional
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

5. STATUS OF GENDER
BUDGETING

6. The number of OECD countries practising gender
budgeting has almost doubled in recent years
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 1
Note: The OECD had 34 member countries in 2016, and 38 in 2022. Two of the four new member countries practise gender budgeting.
Number of OECD countries practising gender budgeting over time
12
17
23
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
2016 2018 2022
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

7. Gender budgeting is now the norm
Note: Gender budgeting is in place in
New Zealand on a pilot basis
Source: Preliminary results from
2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting,
Question 1
Does your country practise gender budgeting? (2022)
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

8. INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK

9. The central budget authority predominantly
leads gender budgeting efforts
Note: “Other” includes the gender equality
institution (e.g., Ministry for Gender Equality,
Ministry of Social Affairs) and line departments.
Source: Preliminary results from
2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting,
Question 5
Who has lead responsibility for gender budgeting? (2022)
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

10. Most gender budgeting practices have
constitutional or legal underpinning
Note: Presents highest underpinning authority in each country
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 6
Legal basis or authority for conducting gender budgeting (2022)
52%
13%
9%
13% 13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Organic budget law
or other legislation
Ordinances/Regulations Constitution Other None
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

11. Most countries have gender equality policies
guiding gender budgeting efforts, but these
come in a variety of forms
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 7
What policies guide gender budgeting efforts? (2022)
43%
39%
30%
26%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Sector-specific gender
equality goals
National gender equality
strategy
Priorities identified in
gender needs assessment
Nartional gender equality
goals
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

12. APPROACHES AND TOOLS

13. OECD countries use a broad range of gender
budgeting tools
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 10
Tools used by OECD countries practicing gender budgeting (2022)
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary
52%
48% 48% 48%
43%
39%
35%
22%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Gender
dimension
in
performance
setting
Ex
ante
gender
impact
assessment
Ex
post
gender
impact
assessment
Gender
budget
tagging
Distributional
assessment
of
tax
and
welfare
measures…
Gender
impact
assessment
of
budget
Gender
dimension
to
evaluation
or
performance
audit
Gender
dimension
in
spending
reviews

14. ACCOUNTABILITY AND
TRANSPARENCY

15. Information from gender budgeting is typically
included in draft budget documentation
• The vast majority of OECD countries
practising gender budgeting include
gender information in the annual
budget documentation (83%).
• The content is most likely to be
gender impact assessments of
individual budget measures (48%),
information on progress towards
gender goals (39%) or summary
information from budget tagging
(26%).
Format of gender budgeting information included in
annual draft budget documentation (2022)
39%
26%
22%
17%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Gender
budgeting
discussion
integrated into
general
narrative
Annex or
appendix on
gender
budgeting
Standalone
gender
budget
statement
Separate
chapter relating
to gender
budgeting
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting,
Question 13
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

16. Some countries go beyond this in terms of
transparency, publishing additional analysis and
information from gender budgeting
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 14
Is additional gender budgeting information published by the government? (2022)
26%
17% 17% 17% 17%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Ex post gender
impact assessments
Ex post gender
budget statement
alongside annual
reporting documents
Evaluations and/or
performance audits
with gender
dimension
Ex ante gender
impact assessments
Performance report
that shows progress
towards gender goals
Spending reviews
with gender
dimension
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

17. 65%
35%
26%
22% 22%
13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Regular reporting to
parliament on
gender budgeting
Parliamentary
committee hearings
on gender
budgeting
Structured
engagement/events
with civil society
Parliamentary
debate on gender
budgeting
Oversight by the
Supreme Audit
Institution
Oversight by an
Independent Fiscal
Institution
(parliamentary
budget office or
fiscal council)
External accountability for gender budgeting
is focussed on reporting to parliament
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 15
How do you ensure external accountability in relation to gender budgeting? (2022)
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

18. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

19. Guidelines, data and training are the core
elements in place to support gender budgeting
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 18
Elements put in place to support the implementation of gender budgeting (2022)
70% 70% 70%
61%
39%
30%
17%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Guidelines on
how to apply
gender budgeting
Sector-specific
gender
disaggregated
data
Training and
capacity building
General availability
of gender
disaggregated
data
Programme
budgeting
Inter-agency group
on gender
budgeting
Expert consultative
group advises on
gender budgeting
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

20. The main challenges implementing gender budgeting
relate to resources, knowledge and impact
The three main challenges for implementing gender budgeting (2022)
70%
57%
52%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Lack of resources (e.g. time, staff) Lack of relevant knowledge or technical
expertise
Lack of impact on budget decisions
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting, Question 19
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

21. IMPACT

22. Information from gender budgeting still has limited
use in policy development and budget decisions
Source: Preliminary results from 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting,, Question 21 and 22
How often is information from gender budgeting used in
budget decision making? (2022)
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary
Has gender budgeting been effective in promoting a
clear gender perspective in policy development and
resource allocation? (2022)

23. A minority of countries try to measure the
impact of gender budgeting
• Just a third of OECD countries
practising gender budgeting have in
place a framework or indicators to
measure its impact (35%).
• Progress tends to be measured using
gender equality indicators.
Source: Preliminary results from
2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting,
Question 23
Is there a framework or indicators in place to measure
the impact of gender budgeting? (2022)
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

24. DRAFT OECD INDEX ON
GENDER BUDGETING

25. Draft OECD Gender Budgeting Index 2022
Structure and methodology
Draft OECD
Index on
Gender
Budgeting
Institutional framework: 20%
Role for the CBA: 33%
Legal basis for gender budgeting: 33%
Clear gender equality goals: 33%
Gender budgeting tools: 20%
Tools used during budget formulation: 33%
Tools used during budget approval: 33%
Tools used during budget implementation and control: 33%
Transparency & accountability: 20%
Gender statement: 33%
Transparency: 33%
Accountability: 33%
Enabling environment: 20% Supporting elements: 100%
Impact: 20%
Information promotes gender perspective in policy: 50%
Information used in budget decisions: 50%
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

26. 0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Institutional framework Tools Transparency and accountability Enabling environment Impact
Draft OECD Gender Budgeting Index 2022
Introductory
practice
Intermediate
practice
Advanced
practice
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

27. SUMMARY

28. Summary of core messages and implications
for taking work on gender budgeting forward
• Gender budgeting is increasingly used in OECD countries. It is now a budgeting tool used
to help close gender gaps in 61% of member countries.
• There is no “typical approach”. A broad range of tools are used for implementation,
most commonly: a gender dimension to performance setting, gender budget tagging
and ex ante or ex post gender impact assessment.
• Countries practising gender budgeting typically include information on the gender
impact of the budget alongside the draft budget documentation.
• Key challenges relating to successful implementation remain: lack of resources, lack of
knowledge or technical expertise, and lack of impact on budget decisions.
• It will be important to consider how information from gender budgeting can be better-
used in budget decision-making. This is key so that gender budgeting is impactful in
areas that can bring economic and fiscal gains, such as closing gender employment gaps.
I. Contents
II. Background
information
III. Results
IV. Draft OECD Index
on Gender
Budgeting
V. Summary

29. THANK YOU
MERCI
Scherie Nicol
Lead – Gender Budgeting
Public Management and Budgeting Division, Public Governance Directorate scherie.nicol@oecd.org