This document discusses various renewable energy technologies including solar, wind, hydro, and biomass. It provides information on how each technology works and its components. Some key points: - Solar photovoltaic systems convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells, while solar water heating uses collectors to heat water. - Wind turbines use rotor blades to capture kinetic energy from the wind and convert it to rotational shaft energy using a generator. - Hydro power uses a turbine to convert the kinetic energy of moving water into mechanical energy to power a generator. - Biomass energy includes biogas produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion, and bioenergy from biological materials like plant matter.

1. Grid-Interactive and Distributed
Renewable Power
Toshi Gupta (38) Ujjwal Goyal (39)

2. Distributed Renewable Energy
(DRE) technologies

3. 3
Types of Renewable Energy
GEOTHERMAL
HYDRO
WAVE
WIND
TIDAL
BIOMASSSOLAR

4. 4
………
Solar Energy

5. 5
1. Solar Energy
The total solar irradiation of the sun is about 50 million GW which is 10.000
times more than the energy used by the world population

6. WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
6
1. Solar Energy: Technologies


SOLAR HEAT
HEATED WATER
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
SOLAR RADIATION
ELECTRICITY

7. THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PHENOMENON
7
1. Solar Energy: PV Systems
Solar Photovoltaic systems (SPV)
convert the energy from the sun
with solar cells: the PV effect
phenomenon is related to the
electromotive force that is generated
under the action of light in the
contact zone between two layers of
semiconductor, usually silicon-
based .

8. PV CELLS MATERIAL
8
1. Solar Energy: photovoltaic systems
MONO-CRYSTALLINE
SILICON
(mono-c-Si)
High purity degree
purity ingots
Performance: 15-18%
Cells are rigid and fragile.
Size: 2,54 to 5,08 cm, 10
cm, 12.7-15.24 cm
POLY-CRISTALLINE
SYLICON
(poli-c-Si)
Lower purity ingots (from
waste silicon from the
electronics industry), cheaper
but lower performance.
Performance: 11-14 %
Cells are rigid and fragile.
Size: 2,54 to 5,08 cm, 10 cm,
12.7-15.24 cm
AMORPHOUS
SILICON
(a-Si)
Non-crystalline
structure Cheaper to
manufacture and install,
but lower return.
Performance: 5-10 %
Flexible cells.
Free sizes
The most reliable technology available on the market and is the silicon
solar cell.

9. 9
1. Solar Energy: photovoltaic systems
• Photovoltaic Cell/Module
To convert solar energy in electric energy through the photovoltaic effect
• Charge Controllers
To protect and regulate the charge of batteries, interrupt the photovoltaic
field when the battery is charged and prevent
• Rechargeable Battery bank
To store the surplus of solar energy if not connected to the grid
• Inverter
To convert the DC from the photovoltaic modules in AC (necessary for
products such as appliances, computers, cars, urban lights, etc.)
• Breaker box
To distribute electrical current to the various circuits (if grid connected)
• Electric meter
To measure electric energy delivered to their customers for billing purposes
• Wires/cables
SPV SYSTEM COMPONENTS

10. These systems are composed of solar thermal collectors, a storage tank and a
circulation loop.
10
HOW IT WORKS
1. Solar Energy: Water heating system
Solar water heating (SWH) is the
conversion of sunlight into renewable
energy for water heating using a solar
thermal collector.
It can be used to heat domestic hot
water which promotes hygiene and
health, for space heating (e.g. solar
driers and greenhouses) etc.

11. R&D Strategy for Solar Research in India
 R&D in SPV and Solar thermal has been undertaken since late seventies
 Renewed Thrust on R&D in JNN Solar Mission
 R&D thrust areas are identified to achieve technical and cost goals
 Centers of Excellence created in research, education, Testing and
Characterization
 Industry involvement and Consortia approach promoted including partners
from both India & abroad
 Technology incubation and Validation
 International collaborations

12. Wind Energy

13. - a rotor, or blades, which
convert the wind's energy into
rotational shaft energy;
- a nacelle (enclosure)
containing a drive train, usually
including a gearbox and a
generator;
- a tower, to support the rotor
and drive train;
- electronic equipment such as
controls, electrical cables, ground
support equipment, and
interconnection equipment.
13
2. Wind Energy
WIND POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

14. The force of the wind turns the blades,
converting the energy of the wind into
mechanical energy of the rotating shaft.
This shaft is then used to turn a generator to
produce electricity
or to operate a mechanical pump or grinding
mill.
Most modern wind turbines are used for
electricity generation.
14
2. Wind Energy
HOW IT WORKS
A wind power generator (WPG) converts
kinetic energy of the wind into electric power
through rotor blades connected to a generator.

16. 16
3. Hydro Energy
Hydro resources are site specific. Hydro power plants transform
kinetic into mechanical energy with a hydraulic turbine.

17. 17
The power available in a river or
stream depends on the rate at
which the water is flowing, and
the height (head) which it falls
down.
Mechanic energy drives devices
or is converted in Electric
Energy via an electric generator.
Electricity production is
continuous, as long as the
water is flowing.
3. Hydro Energy
HOW IT WORKS

18. • Weir and intake channel
where water is diverted from the natural
stream, river, or perhaps a waterfall
• Forebay tank
Artificial pool to contain water
• Penstock
Canal to bring water to the turbine
• Power Group:
the turbine converts the flow and
pressure of the water into mechanical
energy. The turbine turns a generator
connected to electrical load, directly
connected to the power system of a
single house or to a community
distribution system
18
3. Hydro Energy
HYDRO POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Source Image: http://www.ashden.org/technologies

19. 19
4. Biomass Energy
Biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, is produced by
breaking down wet organic matter like animal dung, leftover food or
human waste.
Bioenergy is made available from materials derived from biological
sources. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight
in the form of chemical energy.

20. 20
4. Biomass Energy: biogas digester
• A large container to hold the
mixture of decomposing
organic matter and water
(which is called slurry)
• another container to collect the
biogas
• Opening to add the organic
matter (the feedstock)
• Opening to take the gas to
where it will be used
• Opening to remove the residue.
In fixed dome biogas plants (the
most common type), the slurry
container and gas container are
combined.
HOW IT WORKS

21. 12th Five Year Projections
(Installed Capacities in MW )
Source Installed
capacity
In
March, 2012
Capacity addition
Target for
2012-17
Target installed
capacity in 2017
Wind power 17,352 15,000 32,500
Small Hydro 3,395 2,100 5,500
Biomass Power 1,150 500 1,700
Waste to Power 90 700 800
Solar Power 941 10,000 10,900
TOTAL 24,914 29,800 54,900

22. Contribution of Renewables after 12th
Plan ( 2017)
At the end of 12th Plan,
The total power generation capacity of the country is expected
to be 318,800 MW
Renewables are expected to contribute about 17% in this
capacity (55,000 MW)
and
Over 9% in the electricity mix

23. Renewable Energy in 2017
 RE capacity is likely to cross 30,000 MW by the end of 2013-14
and 55,000 MW by 2017 (17% of total Capacity)
 The current contribution of 6% in electricity mix is likely
to go up to 9% in 2017.
 Wind power capacity is likely to cross 33,000 MW
 Solar power capacity likely to cross 10,000 MW if targets under
JNNSM are to be achieved

24. Renewable Energy in 2017
 De-centralized applications of solar, biogas, cook stove would be wide
spread.
 Energy Access in rural areas is a priority – target 5000 villages
 New avenues of setting up micro hydel projects based on velocity of water
on rivers / canals are emerging
 Waste to energy would be a viable option
 Bio energy based power generation would be an attractive option for
village electrification and economic activities
 More application of hydrogen / fuel cells would be developed

25. Thank you